| Nanda | |
|---|---|
 Nanda (right) watches Krishna being pushed on a swing. | |
| Texts | Bhagavata Purana,Harivamsa,Vishnu Purana,Mahabharata[1] |
| Region | Gokulam |
| Genealogy | |
| Spouse | Yashoda |
| Children | Krishna,Balarama (foster-children) Yogamaya (biological daughter) |
| Dynasty | Yaduvamsha-Chandravamsha |
Nanda (Sanskrit:नन्द,IAST:Nanda) is a cow-herd chief,[2][3][4] and the foster-father ofKrishna, featured in theHarivamsha and thePuranas.[5] Nanda is the son ofParjanya,[6][7] a ruler of theVraja region,[8] who is a son of theYadava king, Devamidha.[9] He is the chief ofGokulam,[10] which is one of the most powerful territories of theYadava tribe.[11] He is sometimes referred to as a king.[12]
Nanda is the cousin ofVasudeva.[9][13][11][14] Vasudeva takes his newborn son, Krishna, to Nanda on the night of the child's birth, so that Nanda could raise him. The chief, who is married toYashoda, brings up both Krishna, and his brother,Balarama. Krishna derives his epithetNandanandana (son of Nanda) from him.[15][16]
Nanda was the foster-father of Krishna. He also helped to raise Balarama. Nanda, identified as King Nanda in many scriptures[17] was a kinsman and a great friend ofVasudeva.[18] The fact that King Nanda and King Vasudeva were second cousins is confirmed both by theBhagavata Purana, Book 10, and theMahabharata.[19][20][21]
KingVasudeva marriedDevaki, the daughter of King Devaka.[22][23] Devaki's cousin, an evil tyrant namedKamsa, had imprisoned his father,Ugrasena, and usurped the throne. Owing to a divine prophecy that he would be slain by the eighth child of Devaki,Kamsa arranged that all of Devaki's sons should die at birth. Six children thus perished.[24]Vasudeva's wife,Rohini, gave birth to Balarama, andKrishna himself was placed byVasudeva into the hands of Nanda. Both Krishna and Balarama were brought up by Nanda, the cowherd-chief, and his wife, Yashoda.[25][26][27]
A legend from the Bhagavata Purana describes the episode of Nanda's abduction. Having observed a fast during theekadashi, he entered the waters of theYamuna the following night to perform ablutions, disregarding the fact that it was a period of the day that was reserved for theasuras. He was captured by an asura who servedVaruna, the god of water, and took him to his underwater realm. Having heard that his foster-father had been taken captive, Krishna reassured his community of the former's safety, and sought an audience with Varuna. Delighted at the sight of Krishna, Varuna offered his obeisance, as well as apologies for his servant's actions, and returned Nanda from his abode. Astonished at the sight of Varuna's abode as well as his foster-son's actions, Nanda conveyed this incident to the people of Gokulam, who determined that Krishna must beIshvara.[28][29]
When Krishna is enveloped by the serpentKaliya, Nanda and his men attempt to rescue him by diving into the Yamuna, but he was restrained by Balarama, who knew the true identity of his brother.[30][31]
In an episode, Nanda and all the people of Vraja undertook a pilgrimage to a site named Ambika Vana, where they worshippedShiva andParvati, and bathed in theSarasvati river. They spent the night at the banks of the river. A huge python started to swallow Nanda, having caught hold of his leg. Hearing his cries for help, Krishna and the cowherds arrived to rescue him. The men tried to brandish their torches at the snake to free him, but to no avail. Krishna merely tapped the python with his foot, and the creature assumed the form of agandharva. The gandharva explained that he was named Sudarshana, and due to the fact that he had laughed to mocksages from hisvimana, he had been cursed with the form of a python; the touch of Krishna's foot had liberated him from his curse.[32][33]
| Yadu | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yadava dynasty (After 74 generations) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vrishni | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vesparna | Devamida | Madisha | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Parjanya | Variyasi | Shurasena | Marisha | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nanda | Yashoda | Vasudeva | Devaki | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yogamaya | Krishna | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nandagaon is one of the religious places nearBarsana inBraj. Since the sixteenth century the town has been associated with Nanda and Krishna. The Nanda Bhavan aka Nandrayji ka Mandir houses identical images of Krishna and Balarama flanked by Nanda and Yashoda. The current temple was built in the mid-eighteenth century by Rup Singh, a Sinsinwar Jat.[34][35]
Surrounding the town are several tanks and ponds associated with events from Krishna's life.[36]
The residence of Nanda, known asNanda Bhavan, where Krishna is said to have grown up and spent the first three years of his childhood is a main and most famous temple inMahavan. This yellow coloured building has many wall paintings depicting pastimes ofKrishna has 84 pillars inside. It is believed that there are 84,00,000 species in this material world and each pillar is said to symbolize 100,000 species, thus representing all the life in the universe.[37]
The Nanda Ghata is situated on the banks of the sacred riverYamuna. The Ghata (Riverbank) is related to the rescue of Nanda's abduction by theasura ofVaruna, while Nanda was taking a bath in the holy river,Yamuna.[38]
