The PRC was an enthusiastic user of theMiG-19, which it manufactured locally as the Shenyang J-6 from 1958. In August 1958, thePeople's Liberation Army requested development of a jetattack aircraft for the air support role.
Lu Xiaopeng was appointed chief designer of this project. Lu also designed theJ-12 fighter jet.[2] Although based on the MiG-19, the new design, designatedQiangjiji-5 (fifth attack aircraft design), had a longer fuselage,area ruled to reducetransonic drag and accommodate a 4 m (13-ft) long internal weapons bay.[3] The air intakes were moved to the fuselage sides to make space in the nose for a planned targetradar (which was never actually fitted). New wings with greater area and reducedsweep were incorporated. The Q-5 shares the J-6's Liming WopenWP-6 A (Tumansky RD-9)turbojet engines. The redesign cost some high-altitude speed, but the Q-5 is as fast as the MiG-19/J-6 at low level, thanks largely to the area-ruled fuselage.
Q-5 in Military Museum of the Chinese People's Revolution.
Fixed armament of the Q-5 was reduced to twoType 23-1 23 mm cannon with 100 rounds per gun, mounted in the wing roots. Two pylons under each wing and two pairs of tandem pylons under the engines were provided in addition to the weapons bay. A total of 1,000 kg (2,205 lb) of ordnance could be carried internally, with an additional 1,000 kg externally. On many aircraft the weapons bay is now used primarily for an auxiliary fuel tank.
Production drawings were completed in 1960 allowing construction of prototypes to begin, but the political climate in China resulted in the project being canceled in 1961. A small team kept the program alive until work restarted in earnest at Nanchang.[4] The first flight finally occurred on 4 July 1965. Series production began in 1969, with squadron delivery starting in 1970.
About 1,300 aircraft were produced, 600 of them being the updated Q-5A. A small number, perhaps a few dozen, Q-5As were modified to carrynuclear weapons; these are believed to retain their internal weapons bay. A long-rangeQ-5I, introduced in 1983, added a fuel tank instead of the internal weapons bay, compensating for that with the provision of two additional underwing pylons. Some of these aircraft serve with thePLA Navy, and have apparently been equipped withradar to guideanti-ship missiles. Subsequent minor upgrades include the Q-5IA, with a new gun/bomb sighting system andavionics, and the Q-5II, with radar warning receiver (RWR).[citation needed]
In the 1980s, the aircraft was exported to nations such asPakistan,Bangladesh,Myanmar, and is often known as the A-5 in those nations.
Plans for an upgraded Q-5/A-5 with Western equipment and new navigation and attack (nav/attack) systems were largely aborted following the1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, but the aircraft continued in service until its retirement in 2010. It is a capable light attack aircraft, although its limited navigation and weapons-delivery systems are inferior to more modern aircraft.[citation needed]
In more recent years, thePLAAF has begun to field newer models of the Q-5, that incorporate some of the technology developed during the canceled Q-5M and Q-5K projects. The Q-5 introduces a nose-mountedlaser rangefinder, and a laser designator is also likely to be fitted since the aircraft is said to be able to deliver laser-guided bombs.[5] The Q-5A variant is believed to be capable of delivering nuclear munitions. The Q-5D is an upgrade with new avionics, including a HUD and a new navigation system. The Q-5E and Q-5F models are reportedly being worked on, though little is known about them at this time.[citation needed]
On 20 April 2017 two Q-5s were seen inBohai Bay practicing air strikes against ground targets in the wake of increased tensions on the Korean peninsula.[8]
The Q-5 was replaced by theXi'an JH-7 during the 2010s.
Q-5Old Q-5s on the deck of theMinsk, at the Minsk World Theme ParkOld Q-5 numbered #0064
Q-5: Original production version with a total of 6 pylons, two under each wing and two under thefuselage, and was superseded by the Q-5A.
Q-5Jia: Q-5 modified to carryKuangbiao-1 tactical nuclear bombs,[9] only a very limited number were built. 317Jia radar was tested as improvement program. One of such aircraft is currently on display at the aviation museum inBeijing.
Q-5Yi: Torpedo attacker for navy, only few manufactured.YJ-8 anti-ship missile was also being considered, but the program was cancelled due to budget problem even though the missile was well developed, and afterwards missile test launches were conducted fromType 024 missile boat. In eighties, YJ-81 was once mounted for test, but this proposition was soon rejected when it was decided to let JH-7 take the role.
Q-5I (Q-5A): Q-5 with the internal weapon bay replaced by internal fuel tank, increasing fuel capacity over 70%. Like all previous Q-5 variants, navigation was still a bottle neck with the result being that aircraft must fly longer times in more complex search patterns in long range strikes. However, this problem is somewhat reduced by the increased fuel capacity. An indigenous Type 79Y4laser rangefinder developed by No. 613 Institute was fitted.
Q-5IA (Q-5B): Improved Q-5I,radar warning receiver andflare dispensers added, the original weapon aiming sight of the Q-5 was developed by No. 5311 Factory, and named as SH-1, short forShe –Hong (Shoot-Bomb-1 / 射轰-1), which only had limited capability because attacks could only be carried out at a fixed angle. No. 5311 Factory developed an improved version SH-1I (射轰-1甲) to allow the attack to be carried out at different angles. Extra outer pylon under each wing added forPL-2/PL-5 air-to-air missiles, bombs or rocket launchers.
Q-5II (Q-5C): Q-5I with omnidirectionalradar warning receivers. Later, Type 205pulse doppler navigation radar was installed on several planes to solve the navigation problem.
Q-5III: Foreign trade variant, export name A-5III/A-5C, Project Long6 (Dragon Six). Total 10 pylons, with 1 extra pylon under each wing forR.550/AIM-9 air-to-air missiles. See also Export variants.
Q-5 with indigenous nav/attack system: Project CC, Q-5I with indigenous Type 205 doppler navigation system, Q5HK-15laser rangefinder and SH-1IIA sight. One year later,head-up display and air data computer were incorporated into system. The whole system finally got approved in 1992, and relevant technology was applied to Q-5D several years later.
Q-5IV (Q-5M, Q-5D(old)): Project CI. Joint Chinese-Italian project to upgrade the Q-5II with Italian avionics from theAMX International AMX attack fighter. Avionics would include a ranging radar,head-up display,inertial navigation system,air data computer and dual central computers all integrated via dual-redundantMIL-STD-1553B databus. Completion and first deliveries were to take place in late 1988 and early 1989 respectively.[10] 28.8% change in comparison to the closest earlier version. Two central computers like that of Q-5M and new RW-30radar warning receivers were added. ALR-1laser rangefinder and QHK-10Head-Up Display developed by No. 613 Institute were added. Although the project was influenced after the1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, it was approved to continue by China and Italy in 1992, new upgrade items such as IFIR and ELINT, etc., were put into program. Due to the loss of time, it failed to enter production. See also Export variants.
Q-5D(C): Composite material demonstrator for Q-5D(old).
Q-5IIGai (Q-5K, Q-5E(old)): Project CF, joint Chinese-French project to upgrade Q-5II with French avionics, such as VE110head-Up Display, ULIS91inertial navigation system, TMV630laser rangefinder and other electro-optics. Like the Q-5M/A-5M, the project was cancelled after the Tiananmen Square protest of 1989. So some indigenous equipment such as doppler radar, jammer etc., were used to achieve further progress. It was terminated in 1993.
Q-5D: Interim attack aircraft introduced during the1996 Taiwan Strait Crisis, the separate doppler navigation system andGPS of the Q-5C was replaced by the DG-1 integrated doppler navigation/GPS system. Other systems included the ALR-1 Laser rangefinder/Marked Target seeker and QHK-10Head-Up Display. A new weapon aiming sight, the SH-1II (射轰-1乙), replaced the older SH-1I (射轰-1甲), and No. 5311 Factory managed to successfully integrate this sight with the newlaser rangefinder and Type 205 navigation radar.
Q-5E: New pylon with ability to mountlaser-guided bombs such asLS-500J LGB, fire control system also improved. Laser pod is absent from the plane due to weight issue.
Q-5F:Laser designator pod carrier, special large belly right pylon mounted for laser targeting pod, which is always false recognized as semi-buried electro-optical targeting pod.
JQ-5J: Tandem two seater of Q-5. The manufacturer claimed that it can be used asforward air control like theOA-10A, and providing targeting information viadata links. The rear seat is 286 millimetres higher than the front seat, enables the back-seat pilot to have a 5 degree field of vision, and the canopy opens to the right. When used as a trainer, the rearcockpit control can override that of the front cockpit.
Q-5L – Upgraded Q-5C, withLLLTV/FLIR vision systems for a day/night capability. Infrared imaging and television cameras were mounted on nose orb. Other improvements include Head Up Display, GPS Rx,INS,TACAN, and chaff/flare dispensers. Weapons capability include the Chinese LS-500J laser-guided glide bombs with a 12 km range. Optional belly conformal fuel tank.
Q-5N – Upgraded Q-5D with same upgrade program as Q-5L, main difference is navigation system of Q-5D.
A-5: Export designation for version of the Q-5 toNorth Korea in 1970s that appeared in Chinese media. The designation contains more than one variant since the Chinese military aid to North Korea is protracted, but it's not clear whether this export version is derived from Q-5, Q-5A, Q-5I or Q-5IA.
A-5IV/A-5M: Export version of Q-5M with more western equipment such as flight instrumentation made byRockwell Collins, and western ejection seat made byMartin-Baker. Added the capability to fire western missiles such as theR.550 Magic orAIM-9 Sidewinder.Myanmar ordered, but chose A-5IIIK instead after program extension. Evaluated by thePakistan Air Force in 1990.[citation needed]
