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Namuyi language

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Language of Sichuan and Tibet
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Namuzi
Namuyi
Native toChina
Native speakers
5,000 (2007)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3nmy
Glottolognamu1246
ELPNamuyi
Namuyi is classified as Vulnerable by theUNESCOAtlas of the World's Languages in Danger

Namuyi (Namuzi; autonym:na54mʑi54) is aTibeto-Burman language belonging to theNaic branch, spoken by approximately 10000 people.[2] It is primarily spoken in southernSichuan. Namuyi has also been classified asQiangic by Sun Hongkai (2001) andGuillaume Jacques (2011). The eastern and western dialects have low mutual intelligibility. InSichuan, it is spoken inMuli County andMianning County. The language isendangered[3] and the number of speakers with fluency is decreasing year by year, as most teenagers do not speak the language, instead speaking theSichuan dialect ofChinese.[4]

Geographical distribution

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Namuyi is a language spoken in the following fourvillages of southernSichuan:[5]

  • dʐә11qu11 (Namuyi name): Dàshuǐ Village 大水村, Mínshèng Township 民胜鄉,Xīchāng City (80 ethnic Namuyi)
  • dʑa53qa53tu11 (Namuyi name): Хiǎngshuǐ Village 響水村, Xiǎngshuǐ Township 響水鄉,Xīchāng City (800 ethnic Namuyi)
  • ɕa11ma11khu53 (Namuyi name): Dōngfēng Village 東風村, Zéyuǎn Township 澤遠鄉,Miǎnníng County (560 ethnic Namuyi)
  • ʂa44pa53 (Namuyi name): Lǎoyā Village 老鴉村, Shābà Town 沙壩鎮,Miǎnníng County (290 ethnic Namuyi)

It is also spoken inMuli andYanyuan of theLiangshan Autonomous Prefecture andJiulong County inGanzi Autonomous Prefecture.[5]

Dialects

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The Namuyi language is subdivided into two differentdialects, the dialect of spoken by the people aroundMuli, and the dialect of those spoken inMianning. The dialects differ mainly inphonology, where the Mianning and Yanyuan dialect have fewconsonant clusters as opposed to the Jiulong and Muli dialect.[6]

Phonology

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There are 40single-consonant initials in the Namuyi language.[6] Namuyi also has tenphonemic vowels, /i/ for [i], /e/ for [e], /ɛ/ for [ɛ], /ɨ/ for [ʃ,ɯ] /ʉ/ for [y], /ə/ for [ə], /a/ for [a], /u/ for [u], /o/ for [o], and /ɔ/ for [ɔ].[4] There is no phonologicalvowel length, though speakers can lengthen a vowel in the first syllable at times to emphasize a word.[4][7]

BilabialAlveolarRetroflexPalatalVelarUvularGlottal
plaintrilledplaintrilled
Nasalmnɲŋ
Stopvoicelessppʙ̥ttʙ̥kq(ʔ)
voicedbdɡɢ
aspirated
Affricatevoicelesst͡st͡ɕ
voicedd͡zd͡ʑ
aspiratedpʰ͡s,pʰ͡ʂt͡sʰtʂʰt͡ɕʰ
Fricativevoicelessfsʂxχ
voicedvzʐʁɦ
Approximantvoiceless
voicedwlj

References

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  1. ^Namuzi atEthnologue (18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
  2. ^"Namuyi".UNESCO WAL. Archived fromthe original on 7 June 2023. Retrieved7 June 2023.
  3. ^"Namuyi".Endangered Languages. Retrieved2 November 2021.
  4. ^abcNishida, Fuminobu (2013)."Phonetics and Phonology of Dzolo Dialect of Namuyi".Arutesu Riberaresu / Artes Liberales.92:21–54.doi:10.15113/00013130.
  5. ^abLakhi, Libu; Hefright, Brook; Stuart, Kevin (2007)."The Namuyi: Linguistic and Cultural Features".Asian Folklore Studies.66 (1/2):233–253.JSTOR 30030460. Archived fromthe original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved29 April 2016.
  6. ^abHongkai, Sun (1990)."Languages of the Ethnic Corridor in Western Sichuan"(PDF).Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area.13 (1):1–31.
  7. ^Pavlík, Štěpán (2017).The Description of Namuzi Language (Ph.D. thesis). Charles University.hdl:20.500.11956/95965.
  • Li, Jianfu (2017).A Descriptive Grammar of Namuyi Khatho Spoken by Namuyi Tibetans (Ph.D. thesis). La Trobe University.hdl:1959.9/564452.

External links

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