Nahid Toubia (Arabic:ناهد طوبيا[1]) (born 1951)[2] is a Sudanesesurgeon and women's health rights activist, specializing in research intofemale genital mutilation.[3]
Toubia is the co-founder and director ofRAINBO, the Research, Action and Information Network for Bodily Integrity of Women.[3] She is an associate professor atColumbia University School of Public Health. She sits on scientific and advisory committees for theWorld Health Organization,UNICEF, andUNDP. She is also vice-chair of the advisory committee of the Women's Rights Watch Project ofHuman Rights Watch.[4]
Focusing on reproductive health and gender inequality in Africa and the Middle East, Toubia is the author or co-author of several books, includingWomen of the Arab World: The Coming Challenge (1988),Female Genital Mutilation: A Call for Global Action (1995), andFemale Genital Mutilation: A Guide to Worldwide Laws and Policies (2000).
Toubia was born inKhartoum North, Sudan,[2] and attended primary and intermediate schooling at a local church school.[5] However, due to the lack of intensity of private education in Sudan, she took a state exam to permit her admission to Khartoum Secondary School for Girls.[5] She then attended theUniversity of Kharthoum for pre-medical studies for one year.[5] She then pursued a career as a physician, attending medical school in Egypt.[2] In 1981 she completed her surgical training in the United Kingdom, gaining anMPhil and a PhD in Public Health & Policy from theLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. She became a fellow of theRoyal College of Surgeons in 1981, and the first female surgeon in Sudan.[2]
In 1985 she returned to Sudan, where she was head ofpaediatric surgery at Khartoum Teaching Hospital,[2] and set up her own emergency clinic to help patients who were receiving inadequate care at state hospitals.[3] As a result of the country'spolitical instability she returned to the UK, and began her research into female genital mutilation (FGM).[6] From 1990 she worked for four years at thePopulation Council in New York City.[3]
Toubia stepped back from practicing medicine, despite being a surgeon in Sudan, after leaving the country.[3] FGM became the primary focus of Toubia's research, working on multiple research projects that address the practice and propose solutions for stopping the practice.[7][8] She has also worked on papers for medical practitioners to use when treating victims of FGM.[9] In addition, she advocates for and researches other aspects of women's health, includingpost-abortion care.[10]
Toubia is the founder and president ofResearch, Action and Information Network for the Bodily Integrity of Women (Rainbo), an international organisation which works to eliminate FGM through women’s self-empowerment and social change. The organisation has offices in New York City and London, and works in Uganda, South Africa, the Gambia, and Nigeria.[11]Rainbo played a prominent role in changing the view of FGM from being a predominantly medical concern to a human rights issue.[6]
In 2002 Toubia told the BBC World Service that the campaign against FGM was fundamentally about changing women's consciousness, and empowering them to change their social position. She said while most African governments, health professionals andNGOs had the issue on their agenda, the greatest challenge was at grassroots level. She said "By allowing your genitals to be removed [it is perceived that] you are heightened to another level of pure motherhood - a motherhood not tainted by sexuality and that is why the woman gives it away to become the matron, respected by everyone. By taking on this practise, which is a woman's domain, it actually empowers them. It is much more difficult to convince the women to give it up, than to convince the men."[6]
Toubia is currently the Director of the Institute of Reproductive Health and Rights in Sudan, aNon-Governmental Organization (NGO) which advocates for females to receive safe and consensual medical care.[12]
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