| Nagaoka Domain 長岡藩 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Domain of Japan | |||||||||
| 1616–1870 | |||||||||
.svg) Flag  Coat of arms | |||||||||
| Capital | Nagaoka Castle | ||||||||
| • Type | Daimyō | ||||||||
| Historical era | Edo period | ||||||||
• Established | 1616 | ||||||||
• Disestablished | 1870 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | Niigata Prefecture | ||||||||
Nagaoka Domain (長岡藩,Nagaoka-han) was afudaifeudal domain under theTokugawa shogunate ofEdo periodJapan. It is located inEchigo Province,Honshū. The domain was centered atNagaoka Castle, located in what is now part of the city ofNagaoka inNiigata Prefecture.[1] It was often referred to asEchigo-Nagaoka Domain (越後長岡藩,Echigo-Nagaoka-han) to disambiguate itself from the smallerYamashiro-Nagaoka Domain (山城長岡藩,Yamashiro-Nagaoka-han) in what is nowNagaokakyo, Kyoto. The domain was ruled by theMakino clan for most of its history. During the summer of 1868, it was the center of some of the fiercest fighting during theBoshin War. AdmiralYamamoto Isoroku was the son of a Nagaoka samurai.
The territory of Nagaoka Domain was originally part of the holdings ofTakada Domain with the exception of a 60,000koku holding called 'Zaodo Domain' (蔵王堂藩,Zaodo-han) held by a branch of theHori clan for their services toToyotomi Hideyoshi. After the daimyō of Takada Domain,Matsudaira Tadateru was disgraced at theSiege of Osaka in 1616 and relieved of his holdings, Hori Naoyori was awarded with Zaodo Domain and an additional 20,000koku from the former Takada lands. He quickly saw that the seat of Zaodo Domain was in a poor location prone to flooding by theShinano River, and built a new castle on the high ground on the opposite back at what is now Nagaoka. This marked the start of Nagaoka Domain. In 1618, he was transferred toMurakami Domain, and Nagaoka was assigned to Makino Tadanari, formerly ofNagasaki Domain. In 1620, the domainkokudaka was raised by 10,000koku, and was raised again by 2,000koku in 1625. The domain, which extended across the Echigo Plain from westernNiigata City, throughKoshi District,Santō District andNishikanbara District was excellent rice land, and also controlled the port of Niigata with itsKitamaebune trade, and therefore the actual revenues of the domain were far in excess of its officialkokudaka. The actual revenues of the domain were 115,300koku in 1712, and 142,700koku in 1858 as opposed to its official rating of 74,000koku. Under the rule of theMakino clan, the domain was noted for its military organisation and sponsorship of training in the various military arts. During theBattle of Hokuetsu in theBoshin War, Nagaoka joined theŌuetsu Reppan Dōmei, and was the site of fierce fighting between pro-Tokugawa forces and the imperial army.Kawai Tsugunosuke andYamamoto Tatewaki were two senior Nagaoka commanders during the war. After the defeat of the pro-Tokugawa alliance, the domain was reduced to 24,000koku. In July 1871, with theabolition of the han system, Nagaoka Domain briefly became Nagaoka Prefecture, and was merged into the newly createdNiigata Prefecture. Under the newMeiji government, the final daimyō of Nagaoka, Makino Tadakatsu served as domain governor, and later was a student atKeio Gijuku. His brother, Makino Tadaatsu was given thekazoku peerage title ofshishaku (viscount) and served as Mayor of Nagaoka and as a member of theHouse of Peers.
As with most domains in thehan system, Nagaoka Domain consisted of several discontinuous territories calculated to provide the assignedkokudaka, based on periodiccadastral surveys and projected agricultural yields.[2][3]
| # | Name | Tenure | Courtesy title | Court Rank | kokudaka | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Hori clan (tozama) 1616-1618 | ||||||
| 1 | Hori Naoyori (堀直宥) | 1616-1618 | Tango-no-kami ( 丹後守) | Lower 5th (従五位下) | 80,000koku | transfer to Murakami Domain |
 Makino clan (Fudai) 1618-1871[4] | ||||||
| 1 | Makino Tadanari (牧野忠成) | 1618-1655 | Uma-no-jo (右馬允) | Lower 4th (従四位下) | 74,000koku | transfer from Nagasaki Domain |
| 2 | Makino Tadanari (II) (牧野忠成) | 1655-1674 | Hida-no-kami (飛騨守) | Lower 5th (従五位下) | 74,000koku | |
| 3 | Makino Tadatoki (牧野忠辰) | 1674-1721 | Suzuga-no-kami (駿河守) | Lower 5th (従五位下) | 74,000koku | |
| 4 | Makino Tadakazu (牧野忠寿) | 1721-1735 | Suruga-no-kami (駿河守) | Lower 5th (従五位下) | 74,000koku | |
| 5 | Makino Tadashika (牧野忠周) | 1735-1746 | Minbu-no-sho (民部少輔) | Lower 5th (従五位下) | 74,000koku | |
| 6 | Makino Tadataka (牧野忠敬) | 1746-1748 | Suruga-no-kami (駿河守) | Lower 5th (従五位下) | 74,000koku | |
| 7 | Makino Tadatoshi (牧野忠利) | 1748-1755 | Suruga-no-kami (駿河守) | Lower 5th (従五位下) | 74,000koku | |
| 8 | Makino Tadahiro (牧野忠寛) | 1755-1766 | Suruga-no-kami (駿河守) | Lower 5th (従五位下) | 74,000koku | |
| 9 | Makino Tadakiyo (牧野忠精) | 1766-1831 | Bizen-no-kami (備前守);Jijū (侍従) | Lower 4th (従四位下) | 74,000koku | |
| 10 | Makino Tadamasa (牧野忠雅) | 1831-1858 | Bizen-no-kami (備前守) | Lower 4th (従四位下) | 74,000koku | |
| 11 | Makino Tadayuki (牧野忠恭) | 1858-1867 | Bizen-no-kami (備前守) | Lower 4th (従四位下) | 74,000koku | |
| 12 | Makino Tadakuni (牧野忠訓) | 1867-1868 | Suruga-no-kami (駿河守) | Lower 5th (従五位下) | 74,000koku | |
| 13 | Makino Tadakatsu (牧野忠毅) | 1868-1870 | -none- | 3rd (従三位) | 74,000 ->24,000koku | |
