 The pinasNaga Pelangi inLangkawi, 2010 | |
| History | |
|---|---|
 Germany | |
| Name | Naga Pelangi |
| Port of registry | Heidelberg,Baden-Württemberg |
| Ordered | 2003 |
| Builder | Traditional Malay |
| Laid down | 2004 |
| Launched | 2009 |
| Status | Charter vessel |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Traditional Malay junk schooner |
| Displacement | 70 tonnes (77 short tons) |
| Length | 22 m (72 ft 2 in)LOD |
| Beam | 6 m (19 ft 8 in) |
| Draft | 3 m (9 ft 10 in) |
| Propulsion | Sail; auxiliary engine |
| Sail plan | Junk schooner, 300 square metres (3,200 sq ft) total sail area |
| Capacity | 8 persons (not including crew) |
| Crew | 4 |
 | |
Naga Pelangi (Rainbow Dragon) is a woodenjunk riggedschooner of the Malaypinas type built using traditionallashed-lug techniques from 2004 to 2009 inKuala Terengganu, Malaysia. Finished in 2010, it is operated as a charter vessel in South East Asia.
TheNaga Pelangi was built for Christoph Swoboda from Germany by the craftsmen ofDuyong Island in the estuary of theTerengganu River in the state of Terengganu on the east coast ofPeninsular Malaysia.[1] It is a Malay-style sailing boat with lines based on the traditionalpinas-design but finished to modern yacht standards.
In Malaysia, these sailing boats are calledPerahu Besar, (Malay:big boat).[2][3] They were built for cargo and piracy and are made in two types, thebedar and thepinas.[4] They are made ofchengal wood (Neobalanocarpus heimii), a heavy hardwood of the familyDipterocarpaceae growing only on the Malay peninsula,[5] the home of the world's oldest rainforest.[citation needed] These picturesque junk rigged boats have been used in theSouth China Sea for centuries and the last few were still in operation as sailing freighters in the 1980s.
Swoboda had abedar built by the same craftsmen in 1981, finished a circumnavigation with that boat (the originalNaga Pelangi) in 1998 and after selling it, he ordered a new vessel to be built – thepinasNaga Pelangi – in order to help keep this ancient boat building tradition alive.[6]
The Malays have developed an indigenous technique to build wooden boats. They build without plans, hull first, frames later. The planks are fire bent and joinededge on edge usingbasok (wooden dowels) made fromPenaga-ironwood (Mesua ferrea). There is no European stylecaulking hammered into a groove between the planks: Before the new plank is hammered home, a strip of paperbarks skin (Malay:kulit gelam)[7] of theMelaleuca species is placed over the dowels. This 1–2 mm (0.039–0.079 in) layer of a natural material has sealing properties.[8] It is an ancient and unique building technique, the origins of which might date back to theProto-Malay migrations that colonised the archipelago thousands of years ago.
As of 2013[update], Naga Pelangi is operated by its owner in the easternIndian Ocean, theAndaman Sea with a base inLangkawi island and in the South China Sea with a base in Kuala Terengganu.
In modern Malay,Naga Pelangi, translated literally, means "Rainbow Dragon".[9]Nāga is a Sanskrit word and means snake or dragon.
All over South East Asia, in Burmese, Thai, Vietnamese, Khmer culture, Nagas are found in various form, half snake, half dragon. For the pre-Islamic Malays the Naga was a deity living in the sea and was held in great esteem by the seafarers. Sacrifices were offered to ask for an auspicious journey and frequently the bow of their craft was adorned with afigurehead of a carved Naga. This detailed carving was reduced to a stylised carving in later times due to the strict picture ban of the Islam. The figurehead of a Malay pinas is calledgobel,[4][10] with the elements of the old Naga shining through.
The tradition of building wooden boats in modern Malaysia goes back centuries: For overseas trade, for fishing, for travelling up the many rivers, for each purpose a special design was developed.[11] WhenMalacca became the main trading centre for spices arriving from theMaluku Islands, Indonesia, the Malay peninsula turned into a melting pot of the seafaring, trading civilisations: Indians and Chinese, Arabs and Indonesians, Vietnamese and Thai, Burmese, Europeans and others, all arrived in their distinctive craft, inspiring Malaysian shipbuilding.[11]
One of the stories told is that on the eastern shore of an island in the Terengganu river mouth once sat a mermaid, an indo-pacificsea cow (Dugong dugon). Thus the island was namedPulau Duyong (Malay:pulau =island).[12] According to legend, an historic Sultan of Terengganu encouraged theBugis, a seafaring people fromCelebes (Sulawesi, Indonesia), to settle on the island and establish a trade post. He meant to encourage trade on the east coast of the peninsula, as the Bugis were well known throughout South East Asia as traders, boat builders and pirates. They settled and stayed and it was there that boatbuilding in Malaya developed. During the times ofCheng Ho, a noted Chinese seafarer and explorer, the Terengganu boatbuilders were already known for their craft. A temple built in honour of Ho is situated up the Terengganu river in memory of his visit to this place.
In the 19th century, a French captain is said to have marvelled at the sight of a flotilla of trading vessels assembled from all corners of the globe in the harbour off Duyong island: Arabdhows, Indonesianperahus, Portugueselorchas, English schooners, and Chinese, Vietnamese, and Thai junks. The twoperahu besar of Terengganu, thepinas and thebedar are the result of this cultural interchange.Pinas carry traces of French influence from Frenchpinasse,[13] while the bedar shows Arab/Indian (dhow) elements. Jib and bowsprit in the two are of western origin, as junks almost never carry these features.[8] The sails of both of types are that of a classic Chinese junk: The rigging has an elaboratesheet system,parrels,snotter andlazy jack system. All have been documented in Chinese literature for over 2000 years. The desire for ever faster and more manoeuvrable vessels combined these positive elements and created these junk hybrids.
The boatbuilders of Terengganu were re-discovered during theWorld War II by the Japanese navy, who had wooden minesweepers built there by the carpenters and fishing folks.[11] After the war, the Malays stopped building sailing boats for their own use, but they kept manufacturingfishing trawlers and ferries, using the old techniques. Rising timber prices and lack of demand forced one yard after another out of business, so today this tradition is on the brink of extinction, with very few craftsmen still practicing the old building technique.[14]
