 Sabine River, Texas | |
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| Assimilated intoCaddo Nation | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
 United States(  Oklahoma, formerly Texas) | |
| Languages | |
| Hasinai,English | |
| Religion | |
| Traditional tribal religion | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| OtherHasinai tribes:Hainai,Nabedache,Nabiti,Nacono,Nadaco,Nasoni,Nechaui,Neche |
TheNacogdoche (Caddo:Nakúʔkidáawtsiʔ[1]) are aNative American tribe from eastern Texas.[2]
The Nacogdoche were part of theHasinai branch of theCaddo Confederacy[2] and closely allied with the LowerNasoni. They historically lived between theAngelina and theSabine Rivers in Texas. The Gentleman of Elvas, a member ofHernando de Soto's 1541 expedition, wrote about the tribe, as did Francisco de Jesus Maria in 1691.[3]
In 1716, Franciscan friars accompanying Spanish explorerDomingo Ramón founded theNuestra Señora de Guadalupe de los Nacogdoches Mission to serve the Nacogdoche as well as neighboring tribes.[4] In 1750, a Nacogdoche chief, Chacaiauchia, threatened to kill the presiding father at the mission, Father Calahorray Sanz, and demanded that all other Spaniards leave Nacogdoches territory.[3] This threat was not fulfilled. The mission remained until in 1773,[5] with brief dormant periods due to fear of French attack.[6]
The governor of Texas visited the Nacogdoche in 1752.[3] Their primary village, Nevantin, was located near present dayNacogdoches, Texas,[6] named for the tribe. Four mounds surrounded the site of Nevantin, until relatively recently.[3]
While Spanish colonizers claimed Nacogdoche land, the tribe traded freely with the French. French traders provided firearms, ammunition, metal-bladed knives, cloth, vermilion dye, and other sundries in exchange for horses, prepared animal hides, bear's fat, beans, corn, andApache slaves.[3]
By 1800, European diseases and warfare had greatly reduced the population of the tribe. The survivors joined other Hasinai tribes.[4]
Ultimately, they were forced to relocate to theWichita Reservation inIndian Territory in the 19th century.[4] Today they are enrolled in theCaddo Nation of Oklahoma.
The tribe is also known as the Nazadachotzi,[3] Nacadocheeto, Nacodissy, Nacodochito, Nagodoche, Nasahossoz, Naugdoche, Nocodosh,[4] and Neticatzi.[7]
| Federally recognized tribes | |
|---|---|
| Other consulted tribes | |
| Indigenous languages | |
| Historical Indigenous peoples of Texas (Several are in Oklahoma today) |
|
| Related topics | |
† extinct language /≠ extinct tribe / >< early,obsolete name of Indigenous tribe /° people absorbed into other tribe(s) /* headquartered in Oklahoma today | |
| Middle Mississippian |
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| South Appalachian Mississippian |
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| Pensacola culture | |||||||||||
| Plaquemine Mississippian | |||||||||||
| Caddoan Mississippian | |||||||||||
| Upper Mississippian cultures |
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| Culture |
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