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Nachtjagdgeschwader 5

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Nachtjagdgeschwader 5

Active	1942–1945
Country	Nazi Germany
Branch	Luftwaffe
Type	Night Fighter
Role	Air superiority
Size	Air Force Wing
Engagements	World War II
Insignia
Identification symbol	Geschwaderkennung ofC9, 1B, 3C, 4R

Military unit

Nachtjagdgeschwader 5 (NJG 5) was a Luftwaffenight fighter-wing ofWorld War II. NJG 5 was formed on 30 September 1942 inDöberitz.

Operational history

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On 1 October 1942, 3./NJG 1 was redesignated 1./NJG 5. In March and April 1943, GeneralJosef Kammhuber ordered IV./NJG 5 to Rennes, France to protect the German U-boat bases. The group was relocated to the Eastern Front again and redesignated as I./Nachtjagdgeschwader 100 (I./NJG 100).

Eastern Front

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By early 1943 the Soviet Air Forces were increasing difficulties for the invading German forces. At night harassment sorties were flown with elderly biplanes. ThePolikarpov Po-2, known to the Germans as theNähmaschine (sewing machine), did little damage in night raids but had an immense nuisance value. The aircraft with their slow cruising speed made interception extremely difficult.

To counter these attacks IV./NJG 5 underHeinrich Prinz zu Sayn-Wittgenstein was moved to the Eastern Front in February 1943. The unit moved to Bryansk and Orel in June 1943 forOperation Citadel and later operated underLuftflotte 6 in the Smolensk-Bryansk area and underLuftflotte 4 in the Poltava-Stalino area.

Western Front

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OberleutnantWalter Borchers was madeGruppenkommandeur of III./NJG 5 on 22 April 1943, leading theGruppe until March 1944. On the night of 27/28 April,Wilhelm Johnen in aMesserschmitt Bf 110 G-4 performed an emergency landing at the Swiss airfield atZürich-Dubendorf. Johnen and his crew were interned, and the Luftwaffe employed extensive political manoeuvring to ensure the Bf 110, equipped with the still secretSN-2 radar, was kept from close Allied examination and returned intact.

At the end of July 1944 I./NJG 5 was withdrawn toStendal for re-equipment with the newJu 88G-6 night fighter. Then deployed to Jesau nearKönigsberg in East Prussia, present day Yushny,Bagrationovsky District, night operations against Soviet bombers followed for the remainder of 1944. Following the opening of the Soviet offensive on 12 January 1945, I./NJG 5 operated in the ground attack role on the eastern front. By 25 January 1945 I./NJG 5 was again operating from bases in Germany, relocating toParchim andErfurt.

Borchers was shot down and killed on the night of 5 March 1945 by W/C Walter Gibb and F/O Kendall in aMosquito night fighter ofNo. 239 Squadron. Flying Junkers Ju 88 G-6 "C9+GA" (Werknummer 622 319—factory number) his air gunner parachuted to safety while his radio operator was also killed. he was replaced by MajorRudolf Schoenert. By the war's end the bulk of NJG 5 were based at Lübeck-Blankensee.

Commanding officers

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Kommodore

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Major Fritz Schaffer, 30 September 1942 – 1 August 1943^[1]
OberstGünther Radusch, 2 August 1943 – 3 February 1944^[1]
MajorEgmont Prinz zur Lippe-Weißenfeld, 20 February 1944 – 12 March 1944^[1]
OberstleutnantWalter Borchers, 15 March 1944 – 5 March 1945^[1]
MajorRudolf Schoenert, 6 March 1945 – 8 May 1945^[1]

Gruppenkommandeure

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I. Gruppe/NJG 5

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Hauptmann Siegfried Wandam, late September 1942 – 4 July 1943^[1]
MajorWerner Hoffmann, 4 July 1943 – late April 1945^[1]
Hauptmann Lang, April 1945 – 8 May 1945^[1]

II. Gruppe/NJG 5

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Hauptmann Rudolf Schoenert, 1 December 1942 – 5 August 1943
HauptmannManfred Meurer, 5 August 1943 – 27 September 1943
Hauptmann Baer, 28 September 1943 – 27 January 1944
HauptmannLeopold Fellerer, February 1944 – 10 May 1944
Major Hans Leickhardt, 3 May 1944 – 6 March 1945
Hauptmann Gustav Tham, 10 March 1945 – 4 April 1945
Oberstleutnant Werner Rapp, 5 April 1945 – 8 May 1945

III. Gruppe/NJG 5

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HauptmannWalter Borchers, April 1943 – 15 March 1944
MajorPaul Zorner, 16 March 1944 – 21 October 1944
Hauptmann Ulrich von Meien, 22 October 1944 – 6 February 1945
HauptmannWalter Engel, 6 February 1945 – April 1945
Hauptmann Piuk, April 1945 – 8 May 1945

References

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Citations

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^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^hAders 1978, p. 229.

Bibliography

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Addison, Paul; Crang, Jeremy (2006).Firestorm: The Bombing of Dresden 1945. London: Pimlico.ISBN 978-1844139286.
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Boiten, Theo (1997).Nachtjagd: the night fighter versus bomber war over the Third Reich, 1939–45. London: Crowood Press.ISBN 978-1-86126-086-4.
Boiten, Theo (1999).Night Airwar: Personal Recollections of the Conflict Over Europe, 1939-45. London: Crowood Press.ISBN 978-1861262981.
Boog, Horst; Krebs, Gerhard; Vogel, Detlef (2006).Germany and the Second World War: Volume VII: The Strategic Air War in Europe and the War in the West and East Asia, 1943-1944/5. Clarendon Press.ISBN 978-0-19-822889-9.
Bowman, Martin (2011).100 Group (Bomber Support): RAF Bomber Command in World War II. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen and Sword.ISBN 978-1-84415-418-0.
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Foreman, John; Parry, Simon; Mathews, Johannes (2004).Luftwaffe Night Fighter Claims 1939–1945. Walton on Thames: Red Kite.ISBN 978-0-9538061-4-0.
Foreman, John (1993).Air War 1941: The Turning Point: Part One: The Day by Day Account of Air Operations Over Northwest Europe: From the Battle of Britain to the Blitz. Air Research Publications.ISBN 978-1-871187-22-9.
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Heaton, Colin; Lewis, Anne-Marie (2008).Night fighters: Luftwaffe and RAF air combat over Europe, 1939–1945. Naval Institute Press.ISBN 978-1-59114-360-4.
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Hinchliffe, Peter (1999).Schnaufer: Ace of Diamonds. Brimscombe Port, UK: Tempus.ISBN 978-0-7524-1690-8.
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Mackay, Ron (2000).Messerschmitt Bf 110. Wiltshire: he Crowood Press.ISBN 1-86126-313-9.
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Murray, Williamson (1983).Strategy for defeat : the Luftwaffe, 1933-1945. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Air University Press (US Air Force).ISBN 978-1-58566-010-0.
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Parry, Simon (2003).Intruders over Britain: The Luftwaffe Night Fighter Offensive 1940 to 1945. London: Air Research Publications.ISBN 1-871187-16-8.
Price, Alfred (1973).Battle Over The Reich. Shepperton, Surrey: Ian Allan.ISBN 978-0-7110-0481-8.
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