TheNa'im (Arabic:النعيم) (singularAl NuaimiArabic:النعيمي) are an Arab tribe in theUnited Arab Emirates.^[2] The tribe is also present in other gulf countries.

The Na'im are divided into three sections, theAl Bu Kharaiban, theKhawatir and theAl Bu Shamis (singular Al Shamsi). It is from the former section that the current Rulers of theEmirate of Ajman are drawn.^[3] Al Bu Shamis has become virtually independent and is closely associated with theAl Bu Falasa ofDubai.^[4]

The traditional heart of Na'im territory was the oasis town ofBuraimi and nearbyAl Ain, where Na'im expansion came at the expense of theDhawahir tribe, but also rubbed up against theBani Yas and the alliedManasir. Although the Na'im were linked to the growingWahhabi influence in the Buraimi area and adopted the doctrine, they allied with other forces to evict the Wahhabis from Buraimi in 1871 and subsequently occupied many of the forts around Buraimi.^[3] However, following the death ofZayed the Great, the Na'im once again came under Saudi influence, leading to their participation in theBuraimi dispute.

In 1818, according to the 'British Assistant Political Agent in Turkish Arabia', Captain Robert Taylor, the Na'im numbered some 20,000 men in Buraimi and 400 inAjman.^[5]

By the beginning of the 19th century, the Na'im were spread across much of the area of the modern-day UAE, with families settled in Ajman,Dhaid,Hamriyah,Sharjah,Hafit,Heerah andRas Al Khaimah. Some 5,500 Na'im at the time lived in and around the Buraimi oasis. A further 660 houses of Na'im were located at Dhank, inDhahirah,Oman.^[6] At the time, the Na'im were mostly settled in towns or in pastoral communities, although the Khawatir wereBedouins, roaming adar consisting of theJiri plain and the Hafit area with 800 camels, 1,500 sheep and goats and some 100 cattle.^[7]

Masfout, a mountainous village in the Wadi Hatta, had long been home to the Na'im.^[8] They found themselves under threat in 1905 when theBani Qitab built a fort in thewadi and started to harass caravans passing through the pass to the OmaniBatina coast. Appealing toZayed bin Khalifa Al Nahyah of Abu Dhabi, and following a meeting of theTrucial Sheikhs in Dubai in April of that year, they gained Zayed's support (against the young and ambitious Sheikh ofUmm Al Quwain,Rashid bin Ahmad Al Mualla, who supported the Bani Qitab) and retained Masfout.^[9] The Na'im of Masfout were in almost constant conflict with the people of Hajarain, which later became a dependency ofDubai – today known asHatta.^[10] However, they considered themselves independent of the rulers of Ajman.^[11]

In 1948, Masfout was seized from its Nuaimi Sheikh, Saqr bin Sultan Al Hamouda, bySheikh Rashid bin Humaid Al Nuaimi III ofAjman, when Hamouda was unable to raise a force to oppose Rashid.^[11] Masfout has been part of the Emirate of Ajman since, albeit anexclave.

A period of uncertainty followed as the various Sheikhs of the region attempted to jostle for influence in order to sign petroleum concessions, with the Sultan inMuscat and theSaudis paying tribute to the Na'im in Buraimi and other local tribes in the area in return for fealty which often turned out to be short-lived. This activity among the rulers and tribes eventually led to theBuraimi dispute.

At the turn of the nineteenth century, the Na'im were arguably the dominant force in the area west of theHajar Mountains, with some 13,000 members and the ability to raise at least 2,000 fighting men. By the 1940s, this had dropped to just 300–400 rifles and the tribe was split into factions.^[11]

Competition for grazing and other resources often spilled over into conflict between the tribes and the Na'im were often involved in disputes and open warfare with other tribes, including theBani Kaab, Bani Qitab and Al Bu Falasah. However, the Al Bu Shamis remained generally on good terms with other tribes, particularly theDuru and Bani Qitab.^[12] With the continuing decline of the Na'im tribal federation, the Al Bu Shamis maintained an almost completely separate identity and, in fact, the Al Bu Shamis leader ofAl Heera – Sheikh Abdulrahman bin Muhammad Al Shamsi was often in strong disagreement, if not war, with the Ruler of Ajman.^[13]

The Na'im was one of the several bedouin tribes to move to Bahrain in 1783 after theAl Khalifa conquered the island.

The tribe were reported as being one of the most powerful tribes in Qatar in an 1890 report by the British government.^[14] InJ. G. Lorimer'sGazetteer of the Persian Gulf published in 1904, he described the Na'im as "a Bedouin tribe who grazed their cattle on pastures surroundingZubarah in 1873." He stated that 60 or 70 of the tribe's branch in Qatar had a hereditary attachment to the Bahraini emir.^[15] In 1937, a dispute overZubarah took place between Bahrain and Qatar. The Na'im in Qatar split into sections, the Ramzan, who supported the Qatari emirAbdullah bin Jassim Al Thani, and the main section, Al Jabr, who had pledged allegiance to the ruler of Bahrain.^[16] In July 1937, Sheikh Abdullah Al Thani reported to the British agency that he was to take action against the Na'im who were residing inAth Thaqab over their perceived violation of the country's laws.^[17] For their part, the leader of the Na'im claimed that Abdullah Al Thani had "stolen their cattle" and had set fire to the Na'im's houses and villages before and after his decree.^[18]

Hostilities came to a boiling point when an armed force sent by Abdullah Al Thani, numbering in the hundreds, confronted around 60 armed men of the Na'im who were encamped inside Ath Thaqab Fort. According to Rashid bin Mohammed, upon encountering the Qatari loyalists, he and his troops surrendered, but four of his men were shot and killed anyway. Abdullah Al Thani's forces continued to capture the fort and occupy the villages of Ath Thaqab,Freiha,Al-ʽArish andAl Khuwayr, whose inhabitants were among the Na'im supporters.^[19] After the Na'im had conceded defeat, Abdullah Al Thani confiscated most of their weapons, including 40 rifles from the people of Ath Thaqab, and some of their livestock.^[20] As a result of this conflict, about 1,000 members of the Na'im tribe went into exile in Bahrain, with some returning after theSecond World War.^[16]

• Tribes of the United Arab Emirates
• Qatari families
• Bahraini families

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