Mykola Matusevych | |
|---|---|
Микола Матусевич | |
| Born | (1947-07-19)19 July 1947 (age 77) |
| Alma mater | Kyiv State University (expelled) |
| Organization | Ukrainian Helsinki Group |
| Movement | Soviet dissidents |
| Criminal status | Pardoned 1988 |
| Criminal charge | Anti-Soviet agitation,hooliganism |
| Penalty | 7 years' special regime, 5 years' internal exile |
Mykola Ivanovych Matusevych (Ukrainian:Микола Іванович Матусевич; born 19 July 1947) is a Ukrainian human rights activist and formerSoviet dissident who was a founding member of theUkrainian Helsinki Group. For his human rights activities, he was sentenced to seven years of corrective labour and five years of internal exile in 1978, and listed as aprisoner of conscience byAmnesty International.
Mykola Ivanovych Matusevych was born on 19 July 1947 in the village ofMatiushi [uk], in Ukraine's centralKyiv Oblast, to an agronomist father and a biology teacher mother. From an early age, he expressed interest in dissident activities; he was expelled fromKyiv State University in his fourth year of study for laying flowers at the monument toTaras Shevchenko in Kyiv and supporting arrested dissidents, though the official reason for his expulsion was due to a "lack of progress".[1] Following his expulsion, Matusevych worked as a historian[2] and editor of medical literature journals.[1]
Following the signing of theHelsinki Accords, human rights activists in the Soviet Union sought to capitalise on the (non-binding) agreement's provisions guaranteeing upholding human rights. After the formation of theMoscow Helsinki Group on 12 May 1976, Matusevych, along with nine others, co-founded theUkrainian Helsinki Group on 9 November 1976, and Matusevych wrote most of the group's early documents and appeals. The group's founding was followed by a series of attacks and persecutions by the Soviet authorities, beginning with the arrests and trial ofMykola Rudenko andOleksa Tykhy in February 1977. This was followed by the detention ofOles Berdnyk in mid-April 1977, but he was released after questioning.[3]
After Berdnyk's arrest, Matusevych, along withMyroslav Marynovych, was arrested on 23 April 1977 and charged withanti-Soviet agitation andhooliganism. The charges were based on a March 1977 event in which Marynovych and Matusevych had disrupted a ceremony at theKyiv Philharmonic calling on those present to recite Shevchenko'sTestament poem.[1] Following the arrests, the homes of all members of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group were searched by Soviet authorities. According toThe Ukrainian Weekly, Matusevych was also arrested for 15 days forcaroling.[3]
On 29 March 1978, following a trial which lasted several days, Matusevych and Marynovych were found guilty of anti-Soviet agitation and sentenced to the maximum penalty allowed under the criminal code: 7 years' imprisonment and 5 years' exile. Their sentences matched those of Rudenko and Tykhy the previous year. In response to the arrests and convictions, Matusevych and Marynovych, along with all other members of "Helsinki monitor" groups, were adopted asprisoners of conscience by human rights organisationAmnesty International.[4]
Matusevych served out his prison sentence at VS-389/35 nearChusovoy,Perm Oblast, in theRussian SFSR.[1] Despite his arrest, Matusevych continued to be active in human rights activism, and co-authored (withYuri Orlov,Valeriy Marchenko, andZynoviy Antoniuk [uk]) a report to Amnesty International detailing the poor conditions of Soviet prisons.[5] In 1980, he was transferred toChistopol prison for a further three years' imprisonment, and his wife,Olha Heiko Matusevych, was also arrested and sentenced to three years' imprisonment.[6]
On 1988, Soviet leaderMikhail Gorbachev pardoned Matusevych from his internal exile as part of a broader campaign of reform. At first, Matusevych refused to leave exile, insisting on a full rehabilitation to clear his name. However, after a year, he returned to Ukraine.[1]
Since 1989, Matusevych has lived in the city ofVasylkiv and worked as a builder,[1] occasionally making statements on human rights and politics. In 2021, he gave an interview to theLocal History publication, providing further information about his time as a human rights activist.[7] In 2023, he also was one of several signatories to an open letter urging for Jews and Ukrainians to unite against Russia after controversy erupted over a monument to soldiers of the14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS inPhiladelphia.[8]
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