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Musgu language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Cameroon and Chad
Musgu
Mulwi
Native toCameroon,Chad
EthnicityMusgum
Native speakers
(160,000 cited 1993–2005)[1]
Afro-Asiatic
Dialects
  • Mpus
  • Beege (Jafga)
  • Vulum (Mulwi)
  • Ngilemong
  • Luggoy
  • Maniling
  • Muzuk
Latin
Language codes
ISO 639-3mug
Glottologmusg1254

Musgu is a cluster of closely related language varieties of theBiu–Mandara subgroup of theChadic languages spoken inCameroon andChad. The endonym isMulwi. Blench (2006) classifies the three varieties as separate languages.[2] Speakers of the extinct related languageMuskum have switched to one of these.[which?]

Names

[edit]

Muzuk is another name for the language. Another term,Mousgoum, is not used by the speakers themselves.[3]

Munjuk languages

[edit]

Munjuk languages:[3]

  • Munjuk
    • Muzuk
    • Beege
    • Mpus
    • Vulum

Munjuk, frommanjakay (H. Tourneux), refers to the a group of four related languages, not only Muzuk. Munjuk languages are spoken in northernMayo-Danay Department (arrondissements of Maga, Yele, and Kai-Kai in the Far North Region).[3]

Beege andMpus are found in the flood plains of theLogone River, in (Logone-et-Chari department, Zina district);Diamaré department (Bogo district). Beege is found in the south (Djafga andBegué) and Mpus in the north (inPouss).Vulum is found mainly in Chad.[3]

Phonology

[edit]

Consonants

[edit]
LabialAlveolarPalatalVelarGlottal
plainlateral
Nasalmnɲŋ
Stop/
Affricate
voicelessptk
voicedbdɡ
prenasalᵐbⁿdⁿdʒᵑɡ
implosiveɓɗ
Fricativevoicelessfsɬ(x)h
voicedvzɮ
Approximantwlj
Trillr
  • Sounds /tʃ, dʒ/ and prenasal sounds /ᵐb, ⁿd, ⁿdʒ, ᵑɡ/, may occur across different dialects.[4]
  • /h/ can be heard as either glottal [h] or velar [x] among dialects.
  • Sounds /b, k, ɡ/ occur as labialized [bʷ, kʷ, ɡʷ] when preceding a glide /w/.
  • A glottal stop [ʔ] may also occur in different positions, but its phonemic status is unclear.[5]

Vowels

[edit]
FrontCentralBack
Closeiu
Mideəo
Opena
  • Other sounds as /y, ø/ may occur across different dialects.

References

[edit]
  1. ^Musgu atEthnologue (25th ed., 2022)Closed access icon
  2. ^Blench, 2006.The Afro-Asiatic Languages: Classification and Reference List (ms)
  3. ^abcdBinam Bikoi, Charles, ed. (2012).Atlas linguistique du Cameroun (ALCAM) [Linguistic Atlas of Cameroon]. Atlas linguistique de l'Afrique centrale (ALAC) (in French). Vol. 1: Inventaire des langues. Yaoundé: CERDOTOLA.ISBN 9789956796069.
  4. ^Tourneux, Henry (2011).Le Munjuk. Les langues d’Afrique et de l’Asie du Sud-Ouest. pp. 258–266.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  5. ^Meyer-Bahlburg, Hilke (1972).Studien zur Morphologie und Syntax des Musgu. Hamburg: Helmut Buske.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
Official languages
Major languages
Pidgins
Indigenous and Immigrantlanguages
Sign languages
Immigrant languages
Tera (A.1)
Bura–Higi
Bura–Marghi (A.2)
Higi (A.3)
Others
Wandala
(Mandara) (A.4)
East
West
Others
Mafa (A.5)
Northeast
South (A)
South (B)
South (C)
South (D)
Others
Daba (A.7)
North
South
Bata
(Gbwata) (A.8)
Mandage
(Kotoko) (B.1)
North
South
Others
East–
Central
Munjuk (B.2)
Mida'a (< B.1)
Others
Others
Italics indicateextinct languages. See also:Chadic languages
National
Other


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