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Cyrillic O variants

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(Redirected fromMultiocular O)
Cyrillic letter
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TheCyrillic script
Slavic letters
АА̂А̄ӐӒБВГ
ҐДЂЃЕЕ̂Е̄Ё
ЄЖЗЗ́ЅИІЇ
И̂ӢЙӤЈКЛ
ЉМНЊОО̂О̄Ӧ
ПРСС́ТЋЌУ
У̂ӮЎӰФХЦЧ
ЏШЩЪЫЬЭ
ЮЯʼˮ
Non-Slavic letters
А̊А̃Ӓ̄ӔӘӘ̃ӚВ̌
ԜГ̑Г̇Г̣Г̌Г̂Г̆Г̈
Г̊ҔҒӺҒ̌Ғ̊Ӷ
Г̡Д́Д̌Д̈Д̣Д̆ӖЕ̃
Ё̄Є̈ԐԐ̈ҖӜӁЖ̣
ҘӞЗ̌З̣З̆ӠИ̃И̇
ҊҚӃҠҞҜК̣К̊
Қ̊ԚЛ́ӅԮԒЛ̈
ӍН́ӉҢԨӇҤ
О̆О̃Ӧ̄ӨӨ̄Ө́Ө̆Ӫ
ԤП̈Р̌ҎС̌ҪС̣С̱
Т́Т̈Т̌Т̇Т̣ҬУ̃
У̌ӲУ̊Ӱ̄ҰҮҮ́Х̣
Х̱Х̮Х̑Х̌ҲӼХ̊Ӿ
Ӿ̊ҺҺ̈ԦЦ̌Ц̈ҴҶ
Ҷ̣ӴӋҸЧ̇Ч̣Ҽ
ҾШ̣Ы̆Ы̄ӸҌ
ҨЭ̆Э̄Э̇ӬӬ́Ӭ̄Ю̆
Ю̈Ю̄Я̆Я̄Я̈Ӏ
Archaic or unused letters

This is a list of rareglyph variants of theCyrillic letterO. They were proposed for inclusion intoUnicode in 2007 and incorporated as in Unicode 5.1.[1][2]

Monocular O

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Not to be confused withʘ or𐓫.

Monocular O (Ꙩ ꙩ) is one of the rareglyph variants ofCyrillic letterO. This glyph variant was used in certain manuscripts in theroot wordꙩко "eye",[1] and also in some other functions, for example, in the word- and syllable-initial position. It is used in some latebirchbark letters of the 14th and 15th centuries, where it is usually differentiated from a regularо, used after consonants, also by width, being abroad On (ѻ) with a dot inside.

The letter resemblesInternational Phonetic Alphabetbilabial click (ʘ) and theGothic letterhwair (𐍈).

Monocular O

Binocular O

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Binocular O (Ꙫ ꙫ) is found in certain manuscripts in theplural ordual forms of theroot wordeye, likeꙪчи.[3]

A similar jocular glyph (called "double-dot wide O") has been suggested as a phonetic symbol for the "nasal-ingressive velar trill", aparalinguistic impression of a snort, due to the graphic resemblance to a pig snout.[4]

Binocular O

Double monocular O

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Double monocular O (Ꙭ ꙭ) is one of the exoticglyph variants of theCyrillic letterO. This glyph variant can be found in certain manuscripts in theplural ordual forms of the wordeye, for exampleꙭчи "[two] eyes".

Double monocular O

Multiocular O

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Multiocular O () is a uniqueglyph variant found in a single 15th-century manuscript, in theOld Church Slavonic phrase "серафими многоꙮчитїй" (abbreviated "мн҇оꙮчитїй";serafimi mnogoočitii,'many-eyedseraphim'). It was documented byYefim Karsky in 1928 in a copy of theBook of Psalms from around 1429,[5][6] now found in the collection of theTrinity Lavra of St. Sergius.[7]

The character was proposed for inclusion intoUnicode in 2007[8] and incorporated as character U+A66E in Unicode version 5.1 (2008).[9] The representative glyph had seven eyes and sat on thebaseline. However, in 2021, following atweet highlighting the character,[10] it came to linguistMichael Everson's attention that the character in the 1429 manuscript was actually made up of ten eyes. After a 2022 proposal to change the character to reflect this, it was updated later that year for Unicode 15.0 to have ten eyes and to extend below the baseline.[11][12] However, not all fonts support the ten-eyed variant as of March 2025[update].

The letter in the original manuscript.
Multiocular O
The incorrect form originally implemented into Unicode (2007–2022).

Double O

[edit]
Double O
Not to be confused with andO or ando.

Double O (Ꚙ ꚙ) is a variant of the letter О in theCyrillic script. It is found in some earlyOld Church Slavonic manuscripts, where it is used in place of⟨О⟩, such as inдвꚙе "two",ꚙбо "both",ꚙбанадесять "twelve", andдвꚙюнадесять "twelve".[13] The Cyrillic "double O" resembles the Latin-scriptdouble-o ligature (ꝏ) and theInfinity symbol ().

Crossed O

[edit]
Crossed O
Not to be confused with𐊨.

Crossed O (Ꚛ ꚛ) is a glyph variant of Cyrillic O with the addition of a cross, used in Old Church Slavonic. The crossed O is primarily used in the wordꚛкрест (around, in the region of) in early Slavonic manuscripts,[14] whose componentкрест means 'cross'.

Broad On

[edit]
Broad On

Broad On, also known asRound Omega (Ѻ ѻ; italics:Ѻ ѻ) is a positional and orthographical variant of the Cyrillic O.On (ѻнъ,onŭ) is a traditional name of Cyrillic letterО; these names are still in use in the Church Slavonic alphabet.

Broad On is used only in theChurch Slavonic language. In its alphabet (in primers and grammar books), broad and regular shapes of О share the same position, as they are not considered different letters. Uppercase is typically represented by broad Ѻ, and lowercase is either regular о or dual: both broad ѻ and regular о (in the same way as Greek uppercase Σ is accompanied with two lowercases σ, ς). Phonetically, broad Ѻ/ѻ is the same as regular О/о.

In standardChurch Slavonic orthography (since the middle of the 17th century until present time), the broad shape of letter On is used instead of the regular shape of the same letter in the following cases:

  • as the first letter of a word's root, which could fall:
    • at the beginning of the word: (ѻгнь,ѻтрокъ),
    • after a prefix: (праѻтецъ),
    • after another root in compound words (ѻбоюдуѻстрый);
  • in the middle of the root in two geographical names (іѻрданъJordan River,іѻппіа—city ofJaffa) and their derivatives;
  • as thenumerical sign to represent the number 70 (However, Church Slavonic editions printed outside the Russian Empire have often ignored this rule and used regular о as the numerical sign).
St. Olga icon atSt Volodymyr's Cathedral,Kyiv

Historically, Broad On was also used in the laterOld Russian period, including documents, letters and other vernacular texts, to signal the initial position of a word or a syllable or occasionally to mark a closed vowel (developed in North Russian dialects since the 14th century). It is found inbirch bark manuscripts and in some other Russian texts. Other glyphs could be used in the same functions, includingMonocular O andCyrillic Omega.

Name

[edit]

Broad On has no standard traditional name. The names used in literature (e.g. wide on) are shape-based or functional descriptions. A name from certain Russian sources,[15] он польское,on pol'skoye (lit. "Polish O"), also points to the round shape of the letter, because Latin fonts fromPoland had round "O", and the typical old Cyrillic "O" was lens-shaped and condensed. Now the character is often referred to by its conventional Unicode name "Round Omega".[16]

Computing codes

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Character information
PreviewѺѻ
Unicode nameCYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER MONOCULAR OCYRILLIC SMALL LETTER MONOCULAR OCYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BINOCULAR OCYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BINOCULAR OCYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DOUBLE OCYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DOUBLE OCYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CROSSED OCYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CROSSED OCYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ROUND OMEGACYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ROUND OMEGA
Encodingsdecimalhexdechexdechexdechexdechexdechexdechexdechexdechexdechex
Unicode42600U+A66842601U+A66942602U+A66A42603U+A66B42648U+A69842649U+A69942650U+A69A42651U+A69B1146U+047A1147U+047B
UTF-8234 153 168EA 99 A8234 153 169EA 99 A9234 153 170EA 99 AA234 153 171EA 99 AB234 154 152EA 9A 98234 154 153EA 9A 99234 154 154EA 9A 9A234 154 155EA 9A 9B209 186D1 BA209 187D1 BB
Numeric character referenceꙨꙨꙩꙩꙪꙪꙫꙫꚘꚘꚙꚙꚚꚚꚛꚛѺѺѻѻ


See also

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References

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  1. ^abEverson, Michael; Birnbaum, David; Cleminson, Ralph; et al. (2007-03-21)."Proposal to encode additional Cyrillic characters in the BMP of the UCS"(PDF). p. 4. Retrieved2021-12-20.
  2. ^"Unicode Database - Derived Age". 2021-07-10. Retrieved2021-12-20.
  3. ^Everson, Michael; Birnbaum, David; Cleminson, Ralph; Derzhanski, Ivan; Dorosh, Vladislav; Kryukov, Alexej; Paliga, Sorin; Ruppel, Klaas (2007-03-21)."Proposal to encode additional Cyrillic characters in the BMP of the UCS"(PDF).ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N3194R,UTCL2/07-003R.
  4. ^"SpecGram—"Double-Dot Wide O / Nasal-Ingressive Voiceless Velar Trill"—by J–––– J––––––—Reviewed by Jonathan van der Meer".specgram.com.
  5. ^Карский, Ефим (1979).Славянская кирилловская палеография. Moscow. p. 197.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  6. ^"Рукопись 308. Псалтирь. напис. 1429 (?) года". folio 243v. Archived fromthe original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved29 August 2011.
  7. ^"Славянские рукописи — Главная библиотека". Archived fromthe original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved29 August 2011.
  8. ^Everson, Michael; Birnbaum, David; Cleminson, Ralph; et al. (2007-03-21)."Proposal to encode additional Cyrillic characters in the BMP of the UCS"(PDF). p. 4.Archived(PDF) from the original on 2016-04-10. Retrieved2018-08-03.
  9. ^Compart AG (2018)."Unicode Character "ꙮ" (U+A66E)".Archived from the original on 2018-08-04. Retrieved2018-08-03.
  10. ^@etiennefd onTwitter (2020-10-31)."Happy Halloween! I feel like I have to talk about something scary. [...]". Retrieved2022-11-02.
  11. ^"Cyrillic Extended-B; Range: A640–A69F"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2022-02-13.
  12. ^Everson, Michael."Proposal to revise the glyph of CYRILLIC LETTER MULTIOCULAR O"(PDF).Archived(PDF) from the original on 2022-03-22. Retrieved2022-03-22.
  13. ^"Proposal to Encode Some Outstanding Early Cyrillic Characters in Unicode"(PDF). 25 February 2011. Retrieved21 February 2015.
  14. ^Shardt, Yuri; Simmons, Nikita; Andreev, Aleksandr (2011-02-25).Proposal to Encode Some Outstanding Early Cyrillic Characters in Unicode(PDF) (Report). Unicode Consortium. p. 1. L2/10-394R. Retrieved2018-02-28.The crossed o is primarily used in the word окрест (around, in the region of) in early Slavonic manuscripts.
  15. ^See, for example: Н. П. Саблина.Буквица славянская. Поэтическая история азбуки с азами церковнославянской грамоты. СПб.: Ижица, 2001.OCLC 51079099ISBN 978-5-9903415-6-2.
  16. ^"Cyrillic: Range: 0400–04FF"(PDF).The Unicode Standard, Version 6.0. 2010. p. 41. Retrieved2011-06-01.
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