Knowledge ofMuisca mythology has come fromMuisca scholarsJavier Ocampo López,Pedro Simón,Lucas Fernández de Piedrahita,Juan de Castellanos andconquistadorGonzalo Jiménez de Quesada who was the European making first contact with the Muisca in the 1530s.

The times before theSpanish conquest of theMuisca Confederation are filled with mythology. The first confirmed humanrulers of the two capitalsHunza andBacatá are said to have descended from mythical creatures. Apart from that, other Muisca myths exist, such as the legendaryEl Dorado and theMonster of Lake Tota. The tradition includes a selection of received myths concerning the origin and organisation of theuniverse.Their belief system may be described as apolytheistic religion containing a very strong element of spirituality based on anepistemology ofmysticism.

Bachué ("the Grandmother") is a non-material principle of creation, the will, the thought and the imagination of all the things to come. She is a similar concept to the principle oftao in theChinese mythology.

The time ofunquyquie nxie ("the first thought") is the time of the cosmic origin, when the thoughts of Bague became actions. This is the time when Bague created the builders of the universe and ordered them to create.

The world started withChiminigagua, from whose belly bloomed light, of which were created thestars,land andstone.

According to Muisca legends, mankind originated inLake Iguaque, when grandmother goddess Bachué came out, against the divine laws,Chibchacum brought forth aflood that covered the world and nearly destroyed the human race. Then, the protective godBochica drove away the waters through theTequendama Falls, and taught humans the basis of civilisation,agriculture, religion, the arts, and crafts. When he was about to leave for his heavenly kingdom,Cuchavira (therainbow) appeared andBochica announced his second coming, far away in the future, in an event marked by death and disease. These events are similar to the biblical histories ofGenesis andApocalypse.

The first gods, constructors of the universe, built the first quyca or ceremonial temple. They were:

• Bachué ("The one with the naked breasts"): themother goddess who rose from the underworld to give birth to the human race
• Bochica ("The father of civilisation") also called Nemqueteba, Nemquereteba, Sadigua, Chimizapagua
• Chía: the Moon goddess of the Muisca.
• Suá: The sun god of the Muisca.
• Chibchacum ("The one who holds the earth"): The universal legislator.
• Chiminigagua: creator of all, from them emerged the light, from which Sua and Chía were sacredly formed.
• Cuchavira: god of the rainbow.
• Cuza ("The one who is like the night"): the male principle of creation.
• Huitaca: rebelling goddess of sexual liberation
• Nencatacoa ("The protector of festivities, fapqwa, and the arts") God of fapqwa (Muisca beverage), celebrations and artistic expression. Necantacoa had the shape of a bear-fox.
• Suetyba: A Deity that the Spanish inquisitors associated with the devil, probably a deity related to magic and the night.

The gods danced a very long dance (sas quyhynuca), with the music of thefo drum, in the first ceremony. This ceremony gave origin tospace andtime.

Then, the gods created the first materials of the universe:fiva (the air),faova (the cosmic cloud) andie (the smoke). Then, they created the six directions of the materialdimension, and in the middle ofitugue, the emptiness, they created the centre of powertomsa (bellybutton of the universe). But, still the universe had no consistency, and they waited manybxogonoasaeons until thesas bequia, the beginning of the world.

Several mythological creatures have been described by thechroniclers:

• Thomagata, said to have been one of the most religious of thezaques, after Idacansás^[1]
• Idacansás, allegedly a mythical priest fromSugamuxi who was able to change the order of things^[2]
• Goranchacha, a mythicalcacique who moved the capital of the northern Muisca fromRamiriquí to the later capital Hunza^[3]
• Pacanchique, according to Muisca myths recovered his fiancé Azay from rulerQuemuenchatocha by first turning her into a dead person and then bringing her back to life using different plants. He also showed theSpanish conquistadores the way to Nemequene's palace^[4] Other Muisca people where human and mythological character converge are:
• Hunzahúa, firstzaque of Hunza, allegedly committingincest with his sister and said to have fled^[5]
• Meicuchuca, firstzipa of Bacatá, one of his wives mythologically turned into a snake^[6]

• El Dorado, the man or city made of gold, that was not so mythical but a main motive for the Spanish to conquer Colombia. The ritual is represented in theMuisca raft, a piece of gold working found inPasca almost 400 years after the arrival of the Spanish
• Monster of Lake Tota, allegedly a monstrous snake or fish living inLake Tota^[7]
• Hunzahúa Well, a well that according to the mythology of the Muisca originated from spilledchicha when the mother ofHunzahúa caught him and his older sister, Noncetá, while they were copulating.^[8]

• Fura and Tena, the first woman and man created by the god Are to populate the earth. Because Fura was not faithful, they lost their immortality, so they aged and died. Are took pity on them and turned them into rocky crags protected from storms, and Fura's tears became into emeralds.

• Muisca women
• Aztec mythology
• Inca
• Maya mythology
• Muisca religion
• El Dorado, a legend that grew out of a Muisca ritual
• Lake Iguaque, a lake involved in creation, in the mythology of the Muisca
• Lake Guatavita, a sacred ceremonial lake of the Muisca

• Ocampo López, Javier (2013),Mitos y leyendas indígenas de Colombia - Indigenous myths and legends of Colombia (in Spanish), Bogotá, Colombia: Plaza & Janes Editores Colombia S.A., pp. 1–219,ISBN 978-958-14-1416-1

• Muisca mythology and religion
• Muisca

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