Muhammad ibn Ali Rawandi (Persian:محمد بن علی راوندی; died after 1207), was aPersian^[1] historian who wrote theRahat al-sudur wa ayat al-surur during the fall of theGreat Seljuk Empire and the subsequent invasion by theKharwarzmian empire.

The only source that gives details about Rawandi's life is his own book. He was from a scholarly family from Rawand nearKashan, and studiedHanafifiqh inHamadan from 1174 to 1184.^[1] As a calligrapher, Rawandi was brought to court to craft aQuran forToghrul III and gained the sultan's favor. After Toghrul's incarceration, Rawandi gained the patronage of Shihab al-Din al-Kashani, who urged him to write theRahat al-sudur. Rawandi had intended to dedicate his book toSüleymanshah II, but dedicated it toKaykhusraw I, following the latter's accession asSultan of Rum. Later theRahat al-sudur was translated into Turkish during the reign ofMurad II.^[1]

Rawandi died after 1207.^[2]

In 1921, theRahat al-sudur was published byMuhammad Iqbal (died 1938).^[3] It was recognized by Iqbal,Edward G. Browne and Mirza Muhammad Qazwini as a source in other texts, namelyJami' al-tawarikh ofRashid al-Din Hamadani (died 1318),Rawdat al-safa ofMirkhvand (died 1498) andTarikh-i guzida ofHamdallah Mustawfi (died after 1339/40).^[3]

• Bosworth, C.E., ed. (2001).The History of the Seljuq Turks: from the Jāmi al-Tawārīkh : an Ilkhanid Adaptation of the Saljuq nama. Translated by Luther, Kenneth Allin. Curzon Press.
• Durand-Guédy, David (2013).Turko-Mongol Rulers, Cities and City Life. Brill.ISBN 978-90-04-25700-9.
• Hillenbrand, Carole (1995)."Rāwandī". InBosworth, C. E.;van Donzel, E.;Heinrichs, W. P. &Lecomte, G. (eds.).The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume VIII: Ned–Sam. Leiden: E. J. Brill.ISBN 978-90-04-09834-3.
• Özgüdenli, Osman G. (2017)."Gıyaseddin Keyhüsrev I". In Fleet, Kate;Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John;Rowson, Everett (eds.).Encyclopaedia of Islam (3rd ed.). Brill Online.ISSN 1873-9830.
• Peacock, A.C.S.; Yildiz, Sara Nur, eds. (2013).The Seljuks of Anatolia: Court and Society in the Medieval Middle East. I.B.Tauris.ISBN 978-0857733467.

• 12th-century calligraphers
• 12th-century Iranian historians
• Scholars from the Seljuk Empire
• Historians from the Sultanate of Rum
• Calligraphers of the medieval Islamic world
• 13th-century calligraphers
• People from Kashan
• 12th-century Persian-language writers

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