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Muhammad Surur

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Syrian Muslim Brotherhood member (1938–2016)
Muhammad Surur
Personal life
Born1938 (1938)
Died2016 (aged 77–78)
Religious life
ReligionIslam
DenominationSunni
CreedSururism
MovementSahwa movement
Muslim leader

Muhammad Surur bin Nayif Zayn al-'Abidin (Arabic:محمد سرور بن نايف زين العابدين; 1938 – 11 November 2016)[1] was a former member of theSyrian Muslim Brotherhood.[2] He is credited with establishing theSalafi Islamist movement known asSururism (or Sururi), which combines "the organisational methods and political worldview of theMuslim Brotherhood with the theological puritanism ofWahhabism".[3] This movement is noted for advancing a politicized version ofWahhabism in Saudi Arabia. Surur called for non-violent criticism of Muslim rulers but opposed efforts to overthrow regimes in Muslim countries, viewing such actions asfitna (civil strife and chaos).[4] In 1984, he authored the widely readanti-Shia bookWa Ja'a Dawr al-Majus (Arabic:وجاء دور المجوس,lit. 'The Era of the Magians Has Come').[5] This book posits theIranian Revolution as a strategy forShiite domination of the Middle East.[6] His writings influencedAbu Musab al-Zarqawi, the leader ofAl-Qaeda in Iraq.[7]

Life

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He was born in theHawran region.[8] In the mid-1960s, while still affiliated with the Syrian Muslim Brotherhood, Surur began to express criticism of the group, such as its acceptance of members from theSufi Brotherhood.[1] These disagreements led to his relocation toSaudi Arabia in 1965.[9] After being expelled from Saudi Arabia in 1974 on charges of subversive activity[10] he moved toKuwait. There, he established the Dar al-Arqam publishing house.[11] In 1984, Suror settled in the United Kingdom, where he established the Center for Islamic Studies.[12] In 2004, he relocated toJordan and then to Qatar where he resided until his death.[13]

Influence

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Surur admiredMuhammad ibn Ibrahim Al ash-Sheikh and was himself initially admired byAbu Muhammad al-Maqdisi—who later considered him to be too lenient towards the Muslim rulers.[14] Surur has also influencedSalman al-Ouda.[15]

After the death of Muhammad Surur inDoha,Abdulrazzaq al-Mahdi sent condolences and commented on his influence.

Works

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  • Wa Ja'a Dawr al-Majus (The Era of the Magians Has Come)
  • Al-salafiyya bayna al-wula wal-ghula (Salafism between the Rulers and the Extremists)[16]

See also

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References

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  1. ^abHaykel, Bernard; Hegghammer, Thomas; Lacroix, Stéphane, eds. (31 Jan 2015).Saudi Arabia in Transition: Insights on Social, Political, Economic and Religious Change. Cambridge University Press. p. 171.ISBN 9781316194195.
  2. ^Hassan, Hassan (November 13, 2016)."Muhammad Surur and the normalisation of extremism".The Nation.
  3. ^Moghadam, Assaf; Fishman, Brian, eds. (10 May 2011).Fault Lines in Global Jihad: Organizational, Strategic, and Ideological Fissures. Taylor & Francis. p. 187.ISBN 9781136710582.
  4. ^Joas Wagemakers (11 Jun 2012).A Quietist Jihadi: The Ideology and Influence of Abu Muhammad al-Maqdisi. Cambridge University Press. pp. 34, 77.ISBN 9781139510899.
  5. ^Moghadam, Assaf; Fishman, Brian, eds. (10 May 2011).Fault Lines in Global Jihad: Organizational, Strategic, and Ideological Fissures. Taylor & Francis. pp. 187–8.ISBN 9781136710582.
  6. ^Khatib, Lina; Lust, Ellen, eds. (16 Apr 2014).Taking to the Streets: The Transformation of Arab Activism (illustrated, reprint ed.). JHU Press. p. 318.ISBN 9781421413112.
  7. ^Jerrold D. Green; Frederic M. Wehrey; Charles Wolf (2009).Understanding Iran. Rand Corporation. p. 121.ISBN 9780833045584.
  8. ^Stephane Lacroix; George Holoch (2011).Awakening Islam (illustrated ed.). Harvard University Press. p. 69.ISBN 9780674049642.
  9. ^John Calvert (22 Nov 2009).Sayyid Qutb and the Origins of Radical Islamism. Oxford University Press. p. 276.ISBN 9780199326877.
  10. ^Stephane Lacroix; George Holoch (2011).Awakening Islam (illustrated ed.). Harvard University Press. p. 70.ISBN 9780674049642.
  11. ^Stephane Lacroix; George Holoch (2011).Awakening Islam (illustrated ed.). Harvard University Press. p. 293.ISBN 9780674049642.
  12. ^Stephane Lacroix; George Holoch (2011).Awakening Islam (illustrated ed.). Harvard University Press. p. 154.ISBN 9780674049642.
  13. ^Haykel, Bernard; Hegghammer, Thomas; Lacroix, Stéphane, eds. (31 Jan 2015).Saudi Arabia in Transition: Insights on Social, Political, Economic and Religious Change. Cambridge University Press. pp. 171–2.ISBN 9781316194195.
  14. ^Joas Wagemakers (11 Jun 2012).A Quietist Jihadi: The Ideology and Influence of Abu Muhammad al-Maqdisi. Cambridge University Press. pp. 77, 239.ISBN 9781139510899.
  15. ^Robert G. Rabil (26 Sep 2014).Salafism in Lebanon: From Apoliticism to Transnational Jihadism. Georgetown University Press. p. 55.ISBN 9781626161177.
  16. ^Stephane Lacroix; George Holoch (2011).Awakening Islam (illustrated ed.). Harvard University Press. p. 331.ISBN 9780674049642.
  • Stephane Lacroix; George Holoch (2011).Awakening Islam (illustrated ed.). Harvard University Press. p. 315.ISBN 9780674049642.

External links

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