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Muhammad (name)

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This article is about the given name. For the Islamic prophet, seeMuhammad.
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Muhammad
"Muhammad the Messenger of God", inscribed on the gates of the mosqueal-Masjid an-Nabawi
Pronunciation
GenderMale
Origin
Word/nameArabic
Meaning"praiseworthy"
Region of originArabia
Other names
Alternative spellingMoohammed, Mahmad, Mahammad, Mahammed, Muhammadu, Mahamed, Mohamad, Mohamed, Mohammad, Mohammed, Muhamad, Muhamed, Muhammed, Muhammet, Muhummud, Mahammud, Mohd. Muh., Mochamad, Mohamud, Mokhmad, Mukhammad, Md., Mo., M., Mohammad, Muhammad,

Muhammad (Arabic:مُحَمَّد,romanized: Muḥammad) is an Arabic given male name meaning "praiseworthy". The name comes from the passive participle of the Arabic verbḥammada (حَمَّدَ), meaning "to praise", which itself comes from thetriconsonantalSemitic rootḤ-M-D. Other spellings of the name includeMuhammed,Muhamad,Mohammad,Mohammed,Mahammad,Maxammed,Mehemmed,Mehemmet,Mohamad,Mohamed,Mehmet,Mahometus,Mamadou,[2] and a variety of other ways. Believed to be the most popular name in the world, by July 2014 it was estimated to have been given to 150 million men and boys.[3]

The name has been banned for newborn children in theXinjiangregion of China since 2017,[4] as well as for theAhmadi community inPakistan.[5]

Lexicology

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The nameMuḥammad is the standard, primarytransliteration of the Arabicgiven name,محمد, that comes from the Arabicpassiveparticiple ofḥammada (حَمَّدَ),praise, and further fromtriconsonantal Semitic rootḤ-M-D (praise); hencepraised, or praiseworthy. However, its actual pronunciation differscolloquially, for example, inEgyptian Arabic:IPA:[mæˈħæmːæd], while in exclusively religious contexts, talking aboutIslam:IPA:[moˈħæmːæd].[6]

The name has one of the highest numbers of English spelling variants in the world.[7] Other Arabic names from the same root includeMahmud,Ahmed,Hamed,Tahmid, andHamid.

Transliterations

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The name may be abbreviated toMd.,Mohd.,Muhd.,Mhd., or simplyM. because of its ubiquity. Its popularity has meant that it can become hard to distinguish people. In some cases, it may be to keep a personal name less tied to a religious context. This is only done if the person has a second given name. Some men who haveMuhammad (or variant) as a first name choose not to use it, as it is such a common name. Instead, they use another given name. For example,Anwar Sadat,Hosni Mubarak,Siad Barre,Zia-ul-Haq,Yusuf Khattak,Ayub Khan andReza Pahlavi use their given name, second given name, or surname.[citation needed]

Statistics

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According to the sixth edition ofThe Columbia Encyclopedia (2000),Muhammad is probably the most common given name in the world, including variations.[8]The Independent reported in 2014 that more than 150 million men and boys in the world bear the nameMuhammad, which would make it the most popular name in the world.[9] Approximately 60% of people named Muhammad live inMiddle East, North Africa and Pakistan.

In 2024, theOffice for National Statistics, which representsEngland and Wales collectively, reported that the name Muhammad was the most popular baby name for boys in that region in 2023.[10]

Mohammed andMohamed were the most popular baby name inDépartementSeine-Saint-Denis (2002, 2008)[11] and inMarseille (2007, 2009), France.[12] Similarly, since 2008 it has been the most popular baby boy name inBrussels andAntwerp, Belgium's most Muslim-populated cities.[13]

In May 2006, it was reported that statistics indicate that some 8,928Danish Muslims carry the nameMuhammad and that in 2004 alone, 167 new-born babies were registered.[14]

In 2009,Muhammad, the most common spelling variant, was ranked 430th in the US.[15] According to theSocial Security Administration,Mohammad was ranked 589th,Mohammed 633rd, andMuhammad the 639th most popular first name for newborns in 2006.[16] In the 1990 United States census, the Muhammad variant of the spelling was ranked 4,194 out of 88,799 for people of all ages.[17][18]

Part of the list of officially banned names in Xinjiang that was announced in 2017. China prohibits parents of the ethnic Uighur minority from giving their newborn children names such as Mohammed or names that the Chinese authorities consider to have "extremely religious" meaning.[19]

In April 2017, theChinese government prohibited parents from choosing the name Muhammad as the given name for a child. The list included more than two dozen names and was targeted at the 10 millionUighurs in the western region ofXinjiang.[4]

If all variants of Muhammad are counted, there are 15,723 people inFinland named Muhammad, accounting for 0.7% of the Finnish male population. The most common spelling is Mohamed, accounting for 38% of the Muhammad name carriers.[20][21]

In 2022, it was the 35th most popular name given to boys in Canada.[22]

Given name

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Mamadou

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Mochamad

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Mochammad

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Mohamad

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Mohamed

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Mohammad

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Mohammed

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Muhamad

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Muhamed

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Muhammad

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Muhammadu

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  • Muhammadu Buhari (1942–2025), Nigerian politician who served as military dictator from 1983 to 1985, and democratically elected president from 2015 to 2023.

Muhammed

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Muhammet

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Moegamat

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Surname

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Mahomed

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  • Dean Mahomed (1759–1851), British Indian traveller, soldier, surgeon, and entrepreneur

Mohamad

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  • Mahathir Mohamad (born 1925), Malaysian politician; Prime Minister of Malaysia (1981–2003; 2018–2020)

Mohamed

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Mohammad

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Mohammed

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Muhammad

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Muhammed

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Patronymics

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ibn

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  • Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad ibn Hazm (?–737), scholar
  • Ibrahim ibn Muhammad (630–632), the Islamic prophet's son
  • Qasim ibn Muhammad (598–600), the Islamic prophet's son
  • Abdullah ibn Muhammad (600–614), the Islamic prophet's son
  • Abd al-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad (1332–1406), Arab historiographer and historian
  • Marwan ibn Muhammad
  • Abdallah ibn Muhammad, better known asAl-Saffah (r. 750–754), was the first Abbasid caliph and founder ofAbbasid Caliphal dynasty.
  • Abu Ja'far Abdallah ibn Muhammad, better known asAl-Mansur, was the second Abbasid caliph from 754 to 775.
  • Ibrahim ibn al-Mahdi, also known asIbrahim ibn Muhammad, was the Abbasid princess, singer and composer.
  • Ubaydallah ibn al-Mahdi, also known asUbaydallah ibn Muhammad, was the Abbasid princess and officer.
  • Ali ibn al-Mahdi, also known as Ali ibn Muhammad, was the son of Abbasid caliph al-Mahdi and his wifeRayta.
  • Musa al-Hadi, also known asMusa ibn Muhammad, was the fourth Abbasid caliph from 785 to 786.
  • Harun al-Rashid, also known asHarun ibn Muhammad, was the fifth Abbasid caliph from 786 to 809.
  • Abdallah ibn Muhammad al-Mahdi, the son of Abbasid caliph al-Mahdi.
  • Isa ibn Muhammad al-Mahdi, ,the youngest brother ofHarun al-Rashid.
  • Musa ibn Muhammad al-Amin, ,the son of Abbasid caliphal-Amin.
  • Abdallah ibn Muhammad al-Amin, the second son of caliph Al-Amin.
  • Al-Wathiq (812–847), also known asAbu Ja'far Harun ibn Muhammad al-Mu'tasim was the Abbasid caliph from 842 to 847.
  • Al-Mutawakkil (822–861), also known asJa'far ibn Muhammad al-Mu'tasim, was the tenth Abbasid caliph from 847 to 861.
  • Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Mu'tasim, the Abbasid prince and father ofAl-Musta'in
  • Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Mu'tasim, an Abbasid princess and the patron of Art and science.
  • Ali ibn Muhammad al-Mu'tasim
  • Abdallah ibn Muhammad al-Mu'tasim, one of the youngest sons of caliph al-Mu'tasim.
  • Abdallah ibn Muhammad, better known asAbdallah ibn al-Mu'tazz or simply asIbn al-Muʿtazz, was an Arab prince and poet.
  • Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad al-Muhtadi, the son of Abbasid caliphal-Muhtadi.
  • Abdallah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Qa'im, better known asAl-Muqtadi, was the caliph of Baghdad during later Abbasid period.

bint

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Teknonymy

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Further information:Abu Muhammad (disambiguation)
  • Hasan ibn Ali also known as Abu Muhammad Hasan ibn Ali, was the son of Ali ibn Abi Ṭalib, andcaliph in 661.
  • Al-Hadi, also known as Abu Muhammad Musa al-Hadi, was the 4th Abbasid caliph.
  • Al-Muktafi also known as Abu Muhammad Ali, was the 17th Abbasid caliph from 902 – 13 August 908.
  • Al-Mustadi also known asAbu Muhammad Hasan ibn Yusuf al-Mustanjid was the Caliph in Baghdad from 1170 to 1180.

Fictional

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Derived names

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Umm Muhammad

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  • Umm Muhammad bint Salih, was the wife of Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid.
  • Hubshiya also known asUmm Muhammad was the mother of Abbasid caliphAl-Muntasir
  • Qurb, also known as Umm Muhammad was the mother ofal-Muhtadi.
  • Ashin, also known asUmm Muhammad was the mother of 12th-century caliph of Baghdadal-Muqtafi.

Famous derived names

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Legality and restrictions

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China

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Further information:Persecution of Uyghurs in China

In 2017 legislation made it illegal in China to give children names that the Chinese government deemed to "exaggerate religious fervor”.[25][4] This prohibition included a ban on naming children Muhammad.[4] The legislation was officially intended to prevent "religious extremism" among the country'sUighur minority, but may have been an act ofpersecution against the Uighur community.[19]

Pakistan

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Thegovernment of Pakistan forbids members of itsAhmadi community from naming their children Muhammad.[26][27]Al Jazeera reported in 2021 thatblasphemy charges had been filed againstAhmadis who wrote "Mohammed" on awedding invitation in an unspecified amount of instances.[28]

See also

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Look upMuhammad in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

References

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  1. ^Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 10th edition
  2. ^Mamadou, retrieved18 February 2025
  3. ^Dugan, Emily (15 August 2014)."Most popular baby names: The top 20 boys and girls names in England and Wales".Independent. Retrieved12 May 2020.
  4. ^abcdHernández, Javier C. (2017-04-25)."China Bans 'Muhammad' and 'Jihad' as Baby Names in Heavily Muslim Region".The New York Times.ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved2022-02-12.
  5. ^"Amid bullets and 'blasphemy', Pakistan's Ahmadis struggle on".www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved2022-06-12.
  6. ^"Muhammad- Dictionary"
  7. ^Humanism, Culture, and Language in the Near East: Asma Afsaruddin, A. H. Mathias Zahniser - 1997, p. 389.
  8. ^"MUHAMMAD, prophet of Islam. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001–07". 10 February 2009. Archived fromthe original on 10 February 2009. Retrieved2 November 2018.
  9. ^"Baby names: The top 20 boys and girls names in England and Wales".The Independent. 2014-08-15. Retrieved2022-06-12.
  10. ^"Muhammad was most popular boys' baby name in England and Wales in 2023".Reuters. Retrieved23 January 2025.
  11. ^"Insee − Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques"(PDF).Insee. Retrieved2 November 2018.
  12. ^"Les parents marseillais ont craqué pour Inès et MOHAMED". 24 February 2008. Retrieved2 November 2018.
  13. ^Verkruyssen, Freddy (24 November 2009)."EMMA EN NOAH ZIJN de populairste voornamen van 2008"(PDF) (in Dutch). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2010-10-11. Retrieved2010-10-11.
  14. ^"JTW News - "MUHAMMAD" Most Popular Among Danish Muslims". Retrieved2 November 2018.
  15. ^http://www.ssa.gov/cgi-bin/babyname.cgi; searched for MOHAMED
  16. ^"Popular Baby Names".www.ssa.gov. Retrieved2 November 2018.
  17. ^Unless otherwise noted, figures are fromhttp://www.name-stats.com/search.php?subject=MUHAMMAD&submit=Search.They don't include different forms of spelling except for 2009 and 2010 for the UK.
  18. ^"MUHAMMAD - Name Meaning, What does MUHAMMAD mean?".www.thinkbabynames.com. Retrieved2 November 2018.
  19. ^abHuang, Joyce (2017-04-26)."China Issues Ban on Many Muslim Names in Xinjiang".Voice of America. Archived fromthe original on 2020-06-12. Retrieved2020-06-12.
  20. ^"Digi- ja väestötietovirasto".
  21. ^"Digi- ja väestötietovirasto".verkkopalvelu.vrk.fi. Retrieved2021-09-02.
  22. ^"Table 17-10-0147-01 First names at birth by sex at birth, selected indicators (Number)".Statistics Canada. Retrieved2024-08-25.
  23. ^Alford T. Welch; Ahmad S. Moussalli; Gordon D. Newby (2009)."Muḥammad". In John L. Esposito (ed.).The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 11 February 2017.The Prophet of Islam was a religious, political, and social reformer who gave rise to one of the great civilizations of the world. From a modern, historical perspective, Muḥammad was the founder of Islam. From the perspective of the Islamic faith, he was God's Messenger (rasūl Allāh), called to be a "warner," first to the Arabs and then to all humankind.
  24. ^"After a 26-year legal battle, Canada boots convicted terrorist Mahmoud Mohammad Issa Mohammad | Brantford Expositor".
  25. ^Shepherd, Christian; Blanchard, Ben (30 March 2017)."China sets rules on beards, veils to combat extremism in Xinjiang".Reuters.Archived from the original on 2019-12-21. Retrieved11 December 2019.
  26. ^Country Policy and Information Note Pakistan: Ahmadis
  27. ^Pakistan
  28. ^"Amid bullets and 'blasphemy', Pakistan's Ahmadis struggle on".www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved2022-06-12.
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