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List of Mughal grand viziers

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(Redirected fromMughal Grand Vizier)
Grand Wazir of the Mughal Empire
Grand Vizier of Hindustan
Last to hold office
Asaf-ud-Daula
AppointerMughal emperor
Formation21 April 1526
First holderAmir Nizamu-d din Khalifa
Final holderAsaf-ud-Daula
Abolished21 September 1797

TheGrand Vizier of Hindustan (Hindustani:Vazir-ul-Mamlikat-i-Hindustan)[1][2] was the highest ranking minister in theMughal Empire and the chief adviser to the emperor himself. The position acted as the de factohead of government of the Mughal Empire and had responsibility for leading the ministers of the Empire. This is the list ofgrand viziers (vazīr-e azam) of the Mughal Empire.

History

[edit]

The seniormost official under the Mughals, or the Prime Minister, held different titles such asVakil, Vakil-us-Sultanat, Wazir, Diwan, Diwan-i-Ala and Diwan Wazir under different Mughal emperors.[3] UnderBabur andHumayun, the institution of the wazirat was not fully developed owing to a lack of an entrenched nobility and political upheaval. Nonetheless, individuals under both rulers did rise to positions equivalent to the position of prime minister and under Humayun reforms were first attempted to clarify the roles of Vakil and Wazir.[3]

In the early years ofAkbar's reign, the position of prime minister was first officially held byBairam Khan asVakil-us-Sultanat, and he exercised considerable influence over the emperor. Over time the power of the Vakil gradually declined, and during the reign of his successorJahangir the role of Wazir replaced the Vakil as the most important officer in government.[3] Mughal wazirs were specifically appointed from the ahl-i-qalam(men of the pen) as distinct from the ahl-i-saif(men of the sword).[4] With the abolishment of the post of Wakil, the post was divided into the two offices of Wazir andMir Bakhshi, where the chief Wazir was the head of the finance department, while the Mir Bakhshi was the head of the military department.[5] These two offices were made jointly responsible for the administration by a system of signatures and counter-signatures.[6] Until the death of Aurangzeb, the post of Wazir was never a threat to the monarchy as the Wazir could not act too independently. However, after the death of Aurangzeb, the pre-mughal tradition in India of the Wazir being the premier noble at the court and leading counsellor of the king apart from being the head of the financial administration had been re-established.[7]

List of grand viziers

[edit]
PortraitNameTerm of officeNotable eventsEmperor
Mir Khalifa21 April 152617 May 15401st Battle of Panipat

Battle of Khanwa

Babur (1526 – 1530)

&Humayun (1530 – 1540)

Qaracha Khan1540?He was a governor ofQandahar and Humayun appoint him as Grand-Vizier of theMughal State.Humayun (1530 – 1556)
Bairam Khan[3]1556March/April 1560Akbar-i-Azam
اکبر اعظم
(1556-1605)
Munim Khan15601561
Ataga Khan[8]November 156116 May 1562He was assassinated byAdham Khan
Munim Khan[9]15621567
None15671573
Muzaffar Khan Turbati[10]15731579No Vakil was appointed after his appointment to governorship in Bengal from 1579 until 1589
None

Todar Mal[9](de-facto)

15791589
Abdul Rahim[9]1589?
Abu'l-Fazl[11]?22 August 1602
Mirza Koka[9]?1605
Sharif Khan[3]16051611Jahangir
جہانگیر
(1605-1627)
I'timad-ud-Daula[3]16111622
Asaf Khan[3]16221627/28


Wazir Khan[12]16271628Shah Jahan
شاہ جہان
(1628-1658)
Azam Khan[13]16281628
Afzal Khan[3]16281639
Islam Khan[3]16391645
Sa'dullah Khan[14]16451656
Mu'azzam Khan[15]16561657Alamgir I
عالمگیر
(1658-1707)
Jafar Khan[16]16571658
Fazil Khan[16]16581663
Jafar Khan[15]16631670[17]
None

(Asad Khanas deputy vizier)[18]

16701675
Asad Khan[19]16751707
Mun'im Khan[20]17071711Bahadur Shah I
بہادر شاہ
(1707-1712)
Hidayatullah Khan[21]17111712Jahandar Shah
جہاندار شاہ
(1712-1713)
Zulfiqar Khan[22]17121713
Qutb-ul-Mulk[23]17131720
  • Mughal throne occupied by a series of puppet rulers under the Syed brothers.[24]
Farrukhsiyar
فرخ سیر
(1713–1719)
Amin Khan[23]17201721Muhammad Shah
محمد شاہ
(1719-1748)
Nizam-ul-Mulk[25]17211723
Roshan-ud Daula Zafar KhanRoshan-ud-Daula[26][27]17241733
Itimad-ud-Daula17331748
Shuja-ud-Daula[25]17481753Ahmad Shah Bahadur
احمد شاہ بہادر
(1748-1754)
Intizam-ud-Daula[28]17531754
Imad-ul-Mulk[28]17541760Alamgir II
عالمگیر دوم
(1754-1759)
Shuja-ud-Daula[29]17611775Shah Alam II
شاہ عالم دوم
(1760-1806)
Majad-ud-Daula Abdul Ahad Khan Kashmiri[30](defacto since 1773)

1775

1779
Mirza Najaf Khan[30]17791782
Afrasiyab Khan17821784
Mahadaji Shinde[31]17851794
Daulat Rao Shinde[31]17941803

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Batra, Ravi (January 2012).The Splendour of Lodi Road. The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI).ISBN 978-81-7993-446-3.Safdarjung was appointed the Chief Minister of the Mughal Empire. He was given the title of 'Wazir ul-Mamalik-i-Hindustan', though, by then the empire had considerably shrunk to just northern India. His fame and power were, unfortunately, short lived as court politics overtook him and he was dismissed by the new emperor.
  2. ^Experts, Disha (July 2020).Amazing Uttar Pradesh. Disha Publications. p. 49.ISBN 978-93-90486-72-4.Wazir ul-Mamalik-i-Hindustan, Asaf Jah, Jamat ul-Mulk, Shuja ud-Daula, Nawab Abu'l Mansur Khan Bahadur, Safdar Jang, popularly known as Safdarjung was the second Nawab of the Awadh dynasty.
  3. ^abcdefghiSharma, Gauri (2006).Prime Ministers Under the Mughals 1526-1707. Kanishka, New Delhi.ISBN 8173918236.
  4. ^Satish Chandra (2005).Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals Part - II. Har-Anand Publications.ISBN 978-81-241-1066-9.
  5. ^Abdul Qadir Husaini (Saiyid.) (1952).Administration Under the Mughuls. the University of Michigan.
  6. ^Jagadish Narayan Sarkar (1984).Mughal Polity. University of Michigan. p. 132.
  7. ^Gauri Pandit (2004).Status And Role Of Prime Ministers Under The Mughals 1526 To 1707. Panjab University, Chandigarh. p. 60.
  8. ^Collier, Dirk (March 1, 2016).The Great Mughals and their India. Hay House, Inc.ISBN 9789384544980 – via Google Books.
  9. ^abcdGauri Sharma.Status And Role Of Prime Ministers Under The Mughals 1526 To 1707. pp. 44–49.
  10. ^Satish Chandra (2005).Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals Part - II. Har-Anand Publications. p. 136.ISBN 978-81-241-1066-9.
  11. ^Alfred J. Andrea, James H. Overfield (1998).The Human Record: To 1700. Houghton Mifflin. p. 476.ISBN 978-0-395-87087-7.Abul Fazl(1551-1602), the emperor's chief advisor and confidant from 1579 until Abul Fazl's assassination at the instigation of Prince Salim, the future Emperor Jahangir(r. 1605-1627)
  12. ^Abraham Richard Fuller (1990).The Shah Jahan Nama of 'Inayat Khan: An Abridged History of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan). University of Michigan. p. 602.ISBN 978-0-19-562489-2.
  13. ^Abraham Richard Fuller (1990).The Shah Jahan Nama of 'Inayat Khan: An Abridged History of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan). University of Michigan. p. 602.ISBN 978-0-19-562489-2.
  14. ^Adolf Simon Waley (1927).The Shah Jahan Nama of 'Inayat Khan: An Abridged History of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, Compiled by His Royal Librarian : the Nineteenth-century Manuscript Translation of A.R. Fuller (British Library, Add. 30,777). Constable.
  15. ^abIndian Institute of Public Administration (1976).The Indian Journal of Public Administration: Quarterly Journal of the Indian Institute of Public Administration, Volume 22. The Institute.
  16. ^abIndian History Congress - Proceedings: Volume 42. Indian History Congress. 1981.
  17. ^Indian History Congress Proceedings: Volume 42. Indian History Congress. 1981.
  18. ^Khan, Muhammad Afzal.Iranian Nobility Under Shahjahan And Aurangzeb. p. 174.
  19. ^Krieger-Krynicki, Annie (2005).Captive Princess: Zebunissa, Daughter of Emperor Aurangzeb. University of Michigan.ISBN 0195798376.
  20. ^Kaicker, Abhishek (3 Feb 2020).The King and the People: Sovereignty and Popular Politics in Mughal Delhi. Oxford University Press.ISBN 978-0190070687.
  21. ^William Irvine (1971).Later Mughals. p. 128.
  22. ^John F. Richards,The New Cambridge History of India: The Mughal Empire (New York:Cambridge University Press, 1993), p. 262
  23. ^abEncyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. (2009).Britannica Guide to India. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.ISBN 978-1593398477.
  24. ^C. K. Srinivasan (1962).Baji Rao I, the Great Peshwa. p. 22.
  25. ^abDisha Experts (17 Dec 2018).The History Compendium for IAS Prelims General Studies Paper 1 & State PSC Exams 3rd Edition. Disha Publications.ISBN 978-9388373036.
  26. ^Praveen Kumar (2017).Complete Indian History for IAS Exam. Educreation Publishing. p. 267.
  27. ^Satish Chandra (1999).Medieval India: Mughal Empire, 1526-1748. Har-Anand Publications.ISBN 978-81-241-0522-1.[dead link]
  28. ^abKhwaja, Sehar. "Fosterage and Motherhood in the Mughal Harem: Intimate Relations and the Political System in Eighteenth-Century India." Social Scientist 46, no. 5-6 (2018): 39-60. Accessed August 7, 2020. doi:10.2307/26530803.
  29. ^Bhatia, O. P. Singh (1968).History of India, from 1707 to 1856. Surjeet Book Depot.
  30. ^abJadunath Sarkar (1938).Fall Of The Mughal Empire Vol Iii. p. 189.
  31. ^abDalrymple, William (2019).The anarchy: the relentless rise of the East India Company. London (GB): Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 379.ISBN 978-1-63557-433-3.
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