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TheMudgala Purana (Sanskrit:मुद्गल पुराणम्;mudgala purāṇam) is aHindu religious text dedicated to theHindu deityGanesha (Gaṇeśa). It is anupapurāṇa that includes many stories and ritualistic elements relating to Ganesha. TheGanesha Purana and the Mudgala Purana are core scriptures for devotees of Ganesha, known asGanapatyas (Gāṇapatya). These are the only two Purana that are exclusively dedicated to Ganesha.[1]
Like theGanesha Purana, the Mudgala Purana considers Ganesha to represent the ultimate reality of being. As such, Ganesha's manifestations are endless but eight of hisincarnations (Sanskrit:अवतार;avatāra) are of most importance. The eight incarnations are introduced in MudP 1.17.24-28. The text is organized into sections for each of these incarnations.[2][3] These are not the same as the four incarnations of Ganesha that are described in theGanesha Purana.
The incarnation described in the Mudgala Purana took place in different cosmic ages. The Mudgala Purana uses these incarnations to express complex philosophical concepts associated with the progressive creation of the world. Each incarnation represents a stage of the absolute as it unfolds into creation. Granoff[4] provides a summary of the philosophical meaning of each incarnation within the framework of the Mudgala Purana; along with the philosophy, typical Puranic themes of battles with demons provide much of the story line. The incarnations appear in the following order:
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There is little agreement on the date of the Mudgala Purana.Phyllis Granoff reviews the internal evidence and concludes that the Mudgala was the last of the philosophical texts concerned with Ganesha[4] R. C. Hazra suggested that the Mudgala Purana is earlier than the Ganesha Purana which he dates between 1100 and 1400 A.D.[5] Granoff finds problems with this relative dating because the Mudgala Purana specifically mentions the Ganesha Purana as one of the four Puranas that deal at length with Ganesha. These are the Brahma, theBrahmaṇḍa, the Ganesha, and the Mudgala puranas. Courtright, says that the Mudgala Purana dates from the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries but he gives no reason for this.[6] Thapan (pp. 30–33) reviews different views on the relative dating of these two works and notes that the Mudgala Purana, like other Puranas, is a multi-laid work. She says that the kernel of the text must be old and that it must have continued to receive interpolations until the 17th and 18th centuries as the worship of Ganapati became more important in certain regions.[1]
As of 2007 no "critical edition" had been issued for the Mudgala Purana. A "critical edition" of a Purana is a special type of scholarly edition in which many alternative readings from variant manuscripts have been reviewed and reconciled by scholars to produce a consensus text. If there is no critical edition, it means that individual editions may show significant variations in content and line numbering from one another. This is the case with the Mudgala Purana, so it is necessary to review multiple editions, which may differ from one another in significant ways.The most common edition currently available is Mudgala Purana (both Sanskrit and Prakrut versions) written by Sitaram Desai and published by Mudgala Puran Prakashan Mandal, Dadar, Mumbai. The Sanskrit edition is also available and published by Ganeshyogi Maharaj of Kempwad, Karnataka.[citation needed]
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