Mtsamboro | |
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 Location of the commune (in red) within Mayotte | |
 Location of Mtsamboro | |
| Coordinates:12°42′04″S45°04′05″E / 12.701°S 45.068°E /-12.701; 45.068 | |
| Country | France |
| Overseas region and department | Mayotte |
| Canton | Mtsamboro |
| Intercommunality | CA Grand Nord de Mayotte |
| Government | |
| • Mayor(2020–2026) | Laïthidine Ben Saïd[1] |
Area 1 | 16.41 km2 (6.34 sq mi) |
| Population (2017)[2] | 7,705 |
| • Density | 469.5/km2 (1,216/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+03:00 |
| INSEE/Postal code | 97612 /97630 |
| Elevation | 0–480 m (0–1,575 ft) |
| 1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |
Mtsamboro (French pronunciation:[mtsɑ̃bɔʁo]ⓘ) is a small fishing town andcommune in northwestMayotte, a Frenchoverseas department in theIndian Ocean. Its population according to the 2017 census is 7,705.[2] Included in the commune are theChoazil Islands andChissioua Mtsamboro. The main economic activity is fishing and orange production.
Archaeology has revealed an occupation existed in thirteenth and fourteenth centuries on the Jiva beach named Mshambara,[3] and traces of a medina dating from the fifteenth to seventeenth centuries in thequartier ofMjikura. Mtsamboro has an important place in the history of Mayotte: this town was the first capital of the Shirazi Sultanate as it hosted the first Sultan of Mayotte at the end of the fifteenth century. Mtsamboro was the main commercial port of the island and was visited by many European vessels. The town, like many others in Mayotte, was ruined and abandoned in the eighteenth century. In Mjikura are the ruins of a royal palace and tombs, an important location for the Sultans of Mayotte.[4][5]
The village of Mtsamboro lies on the northwest coast of the island alongNational Road 1.[6] To the northeast is the village ofMtsahara and to the southwest isMtsangadoua. Two small peninsulas jut out in the village area, the larger of which lies roughly a mile north of the village centre and separates the main village of Mtsamboro andHamjago fromMtsahara.[6] The larger peninsula is also the nearest point of land to Choazil Island, which with another form theChoazil Islands.[6][7] This stretch of water is known as theChoazil Passage, part of theMozambique Channel.[8] North of the Choazil Islands is the largerChissioua Mtsamboro (widely known asZamburu Island); both islands are under the administration of the commune of Mtsamboro. Chissiou Mtsamboro is separated from the Choazil Islands by theZamburu Passage.[9] Chissiou Mtsamboro is a mountainous island, providing shelter to the main stretch of beach, tucked away in the southwest of the island which contains a main settlement and numerous huts dotted along the beach. The area to the southeast is heavily forested and forms part of theReserve Forestiere Des Cretes Du Nord.[6] To the east is a mountain called Dziani Bole, with an altitude of 472 metres.
Mtsamboro has atropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classificationAw). The average annual temperature in Mtsamboro is 27.1 °C (80.8 °F). The average annual rainfall is 1,435.4 mm (56.51 in) with January as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in April, at around 28.3 °C (82.9 °F), and lowest in August, at around 25.6 °C (78.1 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded in Mtsamboro was 35.3 °C (95.5 °F) on 12 April 2020; the coldest temperature ever recorded was 15.0 °C (59.0 °F) on 9 September 2000.
| Climate data for Mtsamboro (1991–2020 averages, extremes 1991−present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 34.7 (94.5) | 35.2 (95.4) | 35.2 (95.4) | 35.3 (95.5) | 35.0 (95.0) | 34.0 (93.2) | 33.7 (92.7) | 33.4 (92.1) | 33.8 (92.8) | 33.9 (93.0) | 33.6 (92.5) | 35.1 (95.2) | 35.3 (95.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 31.3 (88.3) | 31.6 (88.9) | 32.1 (89.8) | 32.5 (90.5) | 32.1 (89.8) | 31.1 (88.0) | 30.3 (86.5) | 30.1 (86.2) | 30.0 (86.0) | 30.3 (86.5) | 30.6 (87.1) | 31.3 (88.3) | 31.1 (88.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 27.8 (82.0) | 28.0 (82.4) | 28.2 (82.8) | 28.3 (82.9) | 27.8 (82.0) | 26.6 (79.9) | 25.8 (78.4) | 25.6 (78.1) | 25.7 (78.3) | 26.5 (79.7) | 27.2 (81.0) | 27.9 (82.2) | 27.1 (80.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 24.2 (75.6) | 24.4 (75.9) | 24.3 (75.7) | 24.1 (75.4) | 23.5 (74.3) | 22.1 (71.8) | 21.3 (70.3) | 21.0 (69.8) | 21.4 (70.5) | 22.7 (72.9) | 23.8 (74.8) | 24.5 (76.1) | 23.1 (73.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 22.0 (71.6) | 20.0 (68.0) | 21.0 (69.8) | 21.0 (69.8) | 16.5 (61.7) | 17.5 (63.5) | 15.5 (59.9) | 16.0 (60.8) | 15.0 (59.0) | 19.0 (66.2) | 21.4 (70.5) | 21.0 (69.8) | 15.0 (59.0) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 277.4 (10.92) | 223.3 (8.79) | 262.0 (10.31) | 134.8 (5.31) | 48.8 (1.92) | 28.3 (1.11) | 18.1 (0.71) | 28.0 (1.10) | 40.6 (1.60) | 90.2 (3.55) | 112.3 (4.42) | 171.6 (6.76) | 1,435.4 (56.51) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 1.0 mm) | 14.7 | 13.1 | 15.8 | 10.6 | 5.5 | 3.5 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 8.0 | 8.7 | 11.2 | 103.1 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 145.9 | 139.2 | 167.6 | 173.6 | 175.8 | 169.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Source 1:Météo-France[10] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Meteociel (sunshine 1981-2010)[11] | |||||||||||||
The economy is mainly based around agriculture and fishing; it is notable area fororange production.[12]
The main mosque isde Vendredi Mosque. It contains theCollège de M'tsamboro andHôtel Mtsamboro. There are at least 3 small sports grounds, two of which lie in very close proximity to the larger peninsula, near Mtsahara.[6]
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