Moyobamba Muyupampa | |
|---|---|
   From the top: Plaza de Armas, Punta de Tahuishco Stack, Liberty Square, Tahuishco Port, Moyobamba Cathedral | |
 Flag  Seal | |
| Nicknames: Ciudad de las Orquídeas (City of Orchids) Antigua Capital de Maynas (Ancient Capital of Maynas) Cuna de la cultura del oriente peruano (Cradle of the Peruvian Oriental culture) | |
 Location of Moyobamba in Peru | |
| Country |  Peru |
| Region | San Martín |
| Province | Moyobamba |
| District | Moyobamba |
| Founded | July 25, 1540 |
| Founded by | Juan Pérez de Guevara |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Gastelo Huamán Chinchay |
| Area | |
• City | 2,129.86 km2 (822.34 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 860 m (2,820 ft) |
| Population (2017) | |
• City | 50,073 |
• Estimate (2015)[1] | 56,452 |
| • Density | 23.510/km2 (60.891/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 56,452 |
| • Metro | 56,452 |
| Demonym | Moyobambino/a |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (PET) |
Moyobamba (Spanish pronunciation:[moʝoˈβamba]) orMuyupampa (Quechuamuyu circle,pampa large plain, "circle plain") is the capital city of theSan Martín Region in northernPeru. Called "Santiago of eight valleys of Moyobamba" or "Maynas capital". There are 50,073inhabitants, according to the2017 census.[2] Some 3,500 species oforchids are native to the area, which has led to the city'snickname ofThe City of Orchids. The city is the capital of bothMoyobamba Province andMoyobamba District.
The city is linked by road withTarapoto to the southeast,Rioja to the west andBagua to the northwest. Roads connect Moyobamba to thePacific coast by way ofBagua andOlmos to the north andCajamarca to the southwest.
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The first colonies were from theChachapoyas culture, but the modern city of Moyobamba was established byJuan Pérez de Guevara on 25 July 1540, who named itSantiago de los Ocho Valles de Moyobamba (Santiago of the eight Moyobamba Valleys). It was founded on the site of anInca settlement and was the first city founded by theSpanish in thePeruvian Amazon. It is the second oldest Spanish town east of theAndes.
During theSpanish Conquest, Moyobamba was a base from whichincursions were made into the surrounding areas.
The city was the seat of the first religiousmissions established in the region. TheRoman Catholic Church used the city as a base, where it began the task ofconverting the natives toChristianity. It was an important commercial center during the colonial era (1533–1821) and it was given city status in 1857. The historic "Puerto de Tahuishco" was once a vibrant port along theMayo River, but has since become one of the last waning vestiges of the river trade route.
On 7 June 1897, Moyobamba was made the capital of theLoreto Region. On 4 September 1906, it became the capital of theSan Martín Region. It was named the seat of theTerritorial Prelature of Moyobamba in 1948. On September 25, 2005, Moyobamba was affected by the2005 northern Peru earthquake.
The city sits on abluff overlooking theMayo River, at 2,820 feet (860 m) abovesea level, in the humid, tropical region known as theCeja de selva.
NativeOrchids are the most famous of the Moyobambaflora.
The surrounding area consists ofrivers,caves,waterfalls,hot springs andlakes. These include theTioyacu River and thesubterranean river in the cave of theHuacharos (Cueva de los Huacharos), the natural hot springs atSan Mateo, theLaguna Azul lake, theAhuashiyacu and theGera waterfalls.
Moyobamba has a tropical climate of rainy, very warm and humidsavanna. The temperature varies between 14 °C or 57.2 °F (minimum) and 30 °C or 86 °F (maximum), 22 °C or 71.6 °F being the average temperature throughout the year. On some nights in Moyobamba it is cooler.
| Climate data for Moyobamba, elevation 879 m (2,884 ft), (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
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| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 27.9 (82.2) | 27.7 (81.9) | 28.0 (82.4) | 28.4 (83.1) | 28.6 (83.5) | 28.3 (82.9) | 28.5 (83.3) | 29.2 (84.6) | 29.4 (84.9) | 29.2 (84.6) | 29.2 (84.6) | 28.1 (82.6) | 28.5 (83.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 19.1 (66.4) | 19.2 (66.6) | 19.2 (66.6) | 19.2 (66.6) | 18.9 (66.0) | 18.1 (64.6) | 17.4 (63.3) | 17.4 (63.3) | 18.0 (64.4) | 18.9 (66.0) | 19.4 (66.9) | 19.4 (66.9) | 18.7 (65.6) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 131.0 (5.16) | 170.1 (6.70) | 178.0 (7.01) | 126.0 (4.96) | 97.8 (3.85) | 59.6 (2.35) | 53.6 (2.11) | 66.4 (2.61) | 90.0 (3.54) | 126.9 (5.00) | 126.1 (4.96) | 146.0 (5.75) | 1,371.5 (54) |
| Source: National Meteorology and Hydrology Service of Peru[3] | |||||||||||||
The demographics of Moyobamba is a mix of cultures and people of different origins. The european group includes people fromSpain andItaly with smaller groups of people fromArmenia,Syria,Germany, andPoland and forms 70 percent of the population; the "mixed people" (amerindian with european) form 25 percent of total population. The remaining 5 percent of the population includesChinese,Japanese,Quechua and otheramerindians (amazonian groups), and people of black origins.[4]
One small group people, descendants of Armenians, Jews, and Germans have the higher education and economic rate in the city; many of their members emigrated from Moyobamba to other areas and are very active in politics, economy, trade and education in largest cities of Peru (likeLima,Trujillo,Arequipa,Ica andChiclayo).
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Moyobamba is the center of a large agricultural region and one of the major trading centers for theAguaruna Native Communities which inhabit the surrounding valley known as the Upper Mayo River Valley. The most lucrative crops grown in the region includerice,coffee, andcorn.Cotton,sugarcane,tobacco andcocoa are also produced.
Alcohol,liquor,wines, andstraw hats are produced in the city.
Hot springs,gold, and somepetroleum are found nearby.
After the slow demise of its airport, this regional capital began to fall behind the faster-developingTarapoto, a neighboring city further down-river.Farmers andregional government workers often clash in ageopolitical battle over local control and access to outside markets.
"Moyobambinos" (residents of Moyobamba) celebrate the region's patron saint (San Juan -Saint John) every year on June 24. Locals celebrate with traditional dances and dishes, most notably Juane, a dish that is meant to resemble the head ofJohn the Baptist on a platter beforeHerod Antipas. It is made by stuffing a ball of sticky green rice with chicken and wrapping it in bijao (Heliconia bihai) leaves for cooking. Then celebrants dance the "Pandilla" around wooden poles dug into the ground before chopping them down with an axe and collecting the treasures from the top.[citation needed]
Moyobamba travel guide from Wikivoyage6°02′S76°58′W / 6.033°S 76.967°W /-6.033; -76.967
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