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Moscow State University (MSU), officiallyM. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University,[a] is apublicresearch university inMoscow, Russia.[3] The university includes 15 research institutes, 43 faculties, more than 300 departments, and six branches. Alumni of the university include past leaders of theSoviet Union and other governments. As of 2019, 13Nobel laureates, sixFields Medal winners, and oneTuring Award winner were affiliated with the university.
The first lectures were given on 7 May [O.S. 26 April].Saint Petersburg State University and MSU each claim to be Russia's oldest university. Though Moscow State University was founded in 1755, St. Petersburg which has had a continuous existence as a "university" since 1819 sees itself as the successor of an academy established on in 1724, by a decree ofPeter the Great.[citation needed][5]
Main buildings of the university in Mokhovaya Street, 1798
In the 18th century, the university had three departments: philosophy, medicine, and law. A preparatory college was affiliated with the university until its abolition in 1812. In 1779,Mikhail Kheraskov founded a boarding school for noblemen (Благородный пансион) which in 1830 became agymnasium forRussian nobility. Theuniversity press, run byNikolay Novikov in the 1780s, published the newspaper in Imperial Russia:Moskovskie Vedomosti.[citation needed]
The roots of student unrest in the university reach deep into the nineteenth century. In 1905, a social-democratic organization emerged at the university and called for the overthrow of the Czarist government and the establishment of a republic in Russia. Theimperial government repeatedly threatened to close the university. In 1911, in a protest over the introduction of troops onto the campus and mistreatment of certain professors, 130 scientists and professors resigneden masse, includingNikolay Dimitrievich Zelinskiy,Pyotr Nikolaevich Lebedev, andSergei Alekseevich Chaplygin; thousands of students were expelled.[citation needed]
After theOctober Revolution of 1917, the institution began to admit children of the proletariat and peasantry. In 1919, the university abolished tuition fees, and established a preparatory facility to help working-class children prepare for entrance examinations. During the implementation ofJoseph Stalin'sfirst five-year plan (1928–32), the university was expanded.[citation needed]
A 1962 Soviet stamp features Moscow State University.
In 1970, the university imposed a 2% quota on Jewish students.[7] A 2014 article entitled "Math as a tool of anti-semitism" inThe Mathematics Enthusiast discussedantisemitism in the Moscow State University's Department of Mathematics during the 1970s and 1980s.[8][9][10]
In the mid-1980s, the Dean of MSU's law faculty was dismissed for taking bribes.[11] After 1991, nine new faculties were established. The following year, the university gained a unique status: it is funded directly from the state budget (bypassing the Ministry of Education).[citation needed]
On 6 September 1997, French electronic musicianJean Michel Jarre used the front of the university as the backdrop for aconcert. The concert attracted a paying crowd of half a million people.[12]
Students celebrating the 250th anniversary of the university in 2005
In 2007, MSU RectorViktor Sadovnichy said that corruption in Russia's education system was a "systemic illness," and that he had seen an ad guaranteeing a perfect score on entrance exams to MSU, for a significant fee.[13]
In November 2012, Mikhail Basharatyan, Deputy Dean of the MSU World Economy Department, was fired for taking a bribe from a pupil.[16][17] In February 2013, Andrei Andriyanov resigned as head of theKolmogorov Special Educational and Scientific Center of the university, after an investigation concluded that he had included fake references in his doctoral thesis.[18]
Building of the Faculties of Biology and of Soil Science
Since 1953, most of the faculties have been situated onSparrow Hills, in southwest Moscow. In the post-war era,Joseph Stalin orderedseven tiered neoclassic towers to be built around the city. It was built usingGulag labour, as were many of Stalin's Great Construction Projects in Russia.[29][30][31] The MSU main building was thetallest building in Europe until 1990. The central tower is 240 m tall, 36 stories high.[32]
The university has contacts with universities throughout the world, exchanging students and lecturers. It houses theUNESCO International Demography Courses and Hydrology Courses. In 1991 the French University College, the Russian-American University, and the Institute of German Science and Culture were opened.[citation needed]
The university employs more than 4,000 academics and 15,000 support staff.[citation needed] Approximately 5,000 researchers work at the university's research institutes and facilities.[45] More than 40,000 undergraduates and 7,000 advanced degree candidates are enrolled.[45] Annually, the university hosts approximately 2,000 students, graduate students, and researchers from around the world.[citation needed]
Information Center of the House Church of the Martyr Tatiana at Moscow State University (Main Building, 2016)
Russian legislation prohibits[46][47] the activities of religious organizations directly at universities, but they operate at Moscow State University. Religious literature and objects of worship are also traded on the territory of Moscow State University.
There are two Orthodox churches at Moscow State University: the house church of the Martyr Tatiana at Moscow State University and the church of the Holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Cyril and Methodius at Moscow State University.[48][49]
In 2011, Patriarch Kirill appealed to the rector of Moscow State University with a request to support the initiative to erect an Orthodox "chapel temple on the territory of the university complex on Vorobyovy Gory," which, in his opinion, would contribute to "solving many important issues related to the patriotic and spiritual and moral education of Russian youth.".[50] The proposal caused a mixed reaction on social networks and the media.[51]
Interaction of Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia with Moscow State University
On November 18, 2011, the Academic Council of Moscow University decided to award Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia the title of Honorary Doctor of Moscow State University "for his outstanding contribution to the spiritual education of young people and close cooperation." On September 28, 2012, during the Patriarch's visit to Moscow State University, Viktor Sadovnichy presented him with the diploma of honorary Doctor of Moscow State University.[52] According to some media reports, before the patriarch's arrival at Moscow State University, students complained that they were being forcibly escorted to a meeting, but the student council and the press service of Moscow State University denied this.[53][54] At a meeting with representatives of the student council, Rector Viktor Sadovnichy admitted that the facts of coercion were.[55]
O. A. Zinovieva, a cultural critic at the Moscow State University Faculty of Arts, published a book in 2009 claiming to involve GULAG prisoners in the construction of the first stage.[56] The theory has no scientific confirmation, as it is presented without any evidence and is criticized by experts working with archival historical documents.[57][58] There is no mention of this in the fundamental work of the German sociologist Dietmar Neutatz "The Moscow Metro from the first projects to the great construction of Stalinism," in which he examines the social composition of the builders of the subway.[59]
In October 2012, a criminal case was opened against Mikhail Basharatyan, Deputy Dean of the Faculty of World Politics at Moscow State University, and Viktor Baris, Head of the Department of Philosophy and Political Science at the Academy of Labor and Social Relations, under the article "receiving a large-scale bribe by a group of individuals by prior agreement".[60][61]
The criminal case was opened in accordance with paragraphs "a" and "b" of part 5 of Article 290 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.[62] In mid-October 2012, a young man applying to graduate school contacted the police. In his statement, he indicated that he was offered to pay 30,000 euros for successful admission and subsequent defense of his thesis at the university.[63][64]
The young man wanted to enter the postgraduate program of the Academy of Labor and Social Relations. For 30 thousand euros, Basharatyan and Baris promised to ensure admission and postgraduate studies, and also assured that he would have no problems with his PhD thesis and with its defense at Lomonosov Moscow State University.[65][66][67] On October 30, as part of the previously reached agreements, the suspects received 1 million rubles as a bribe. At the time of receiving the money, the criminals were caught red-handed.[68]
After his detention, Basharatyan was arrested, and the case was brought to court in 2014. At the same time, Basharatyan was not a member of any university dissertation council, so he could not influence the result of the defense of postgraduate works.[68][69][70]
According to the Dissernet online expert community for 2014, MSU is one of the largest dissertative corporations in Russia that produce fake dissertations.[71] Community experts note that the main sources of such dissertations at Moscow State University are the Faculty of Public Administration under the leadership of V. A. Nikonov and the Faculty of Sociology under the leadership of V. I. Dobrenkov.[72]
According to Dissernet data on 12/19/2020, Moscow State University ranks 4th among Russian universities in terms of the number of employees convicted of dishonesty (232), significantly behind the leader in this nomination, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics (382 cases).[73]
In early March 2021, the media reported on insults and threats of expulsion of students related to the MSU Initiative Group. Lyudmila Grigorieva, Deputy Dean of the Faculty of Fundamental Physico-Chemical Engineering at Moscow State University, demanded that students join the harassment of one of the MSU eco-activists, demanding that students write negative comments on the activist's wall on social networks.[74] In the process of communicating with students, Grigorieva called the MSU Initiative Group a "gang" and "Western liberals who are being fed by the West.".[75] "They are against the country, against the university... They are given some crumbs and some leftovers there [in the West]. And so they grunt here for these scraps, crawl and shit all the time," Grigorieva said about the activists' activities.[76][77]
^Russian:Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова,romanized: Moskovskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet imeni M. V. Lomonosova,Russian pronunciation:[IPA].
^«В государственных и муниципальных образовательных учреждениях, органах, осуществляющих управление в сфере образования, создание и деятельность организационных структур политических партий, общественно-политических и религиозных движений и организаций (объединений) не допускаются» (Закон РФ от 10.07.1992 № 3266-1 (ред. от 12.11.2012) «Об образовании»Archived 2013-03-08 at theWayback Machine, ст. 1, п. 5; действовал до 1 сентября 2013 г.).
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