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Moonlet

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Small natural satellite orbiting a planet

The 400-meter moonletEarhart in Saturn'sA Ring, just outside theEncke Gap

Amoonlet,minor moon,minor natural satellite, orminor satellite is a particularly smallnatural satellite orbiting aplanet,dwarf planet, or otherminor planet.

Up until 1995, moonlets were only hypothetical components of Saturn's F-ring structure, but in that year, the Earth passed through Saturn's ring plane. TheHubble Space Telescope and theEuropean Southern Observatory both captured objects orbiting close or near the F-ring. In 2004,Cassini caught an object 4–5 kilometers in diameter on the outer ring of the F-ring and then 5 hours later on the inner F-ring, showing that the object had orbited.^[1]

Several different types of small moons have been called moonlets:

A belt of objects embedded in a planetary ring, especially aroundSaturn, such as those in theA Ring,S/2009 S 1 in theB Ring ("propeller" moonlets),^[2]^[3] and those in theF Ring^[4]
Occasionallyasteroid moons, such as those of87 Sylvia^[5]
Flashes seen nearJupiter's moonAmalthea that is likely debris ejected from its surface^[6]
Subsatellites^[7]

References

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^Winter, Othon C.; et al. (2007)."Moonlets wandering on a leash-ring".Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters.380 (1):L54 –L57.Bibcode:2007MNRAS.380L..54W.doi:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2007.00347.x.hdl:11449/33832.
^Tiscareno, Matthew S.; et al. (2006). "100-metre-diameter moonlets in Saturn's A ring from observations of 'propeller' structures".Nature.440 (7084):648–650.Bibcode:2006Natur.440..648T.doi:10.1038/nature04581.PMID 16572165.S2CID 9688977.
^Sremčević, Miodrag; et al. (2007). "A belt of moonlets in Saturn's A ring".Nature.449 (7165):1019–1021.Bibcode:2007Natur.449.1019S.doi:10.1038/nature06224.PMID 17960236.S2CID 4330204.
^Murray, Carl D.; et al. (June 5, 2008)."The determination of the structure of Saturn's F ring by nearby moonlets"(PDF).Nature.453 (7196). The Science and Technology Facilities Council:739–44.Bibcode:2008Natur.453..739M.doi:10.1038/nature06999.PMID 18528389.S2CID 205213483.
^Marchis, Franck; et al. (2005)."Discovery of the triple asteroidal system 87 Sylvia".Nature.436 (7052):822–24.Bibcode:2005Natur.436..822M.doi:10.1038/nature04018.PMID 16094362.S2CID 4412813.
^Fieseler P. D.; Adams O. W.; Vandermey N.; Theilig E. E.; Schimmels K. A.; Lewis G. D.; Ardalan S. M.; Alexander C. J. (2004). "The Galileo star scanner observations at Amalthea".Icarus.169 (2):390–401.Bibcode:2004Icar..169..390F.doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.01.012.
^Walker, Robert (17 April 2015)."Can Moons Have Moonlets? Or Rings? Moonlets Of Pluto's Moons?". Science 2.0. Retrieved9 April 2016.

Kiviuq subgroup (20)	S/2023 S 1 S/2019 S 1 S/2004 S 54 S/2004 S 55 S/2020 S 11 S/2019 S 22 Kiviuq S/2023 S 2 S/2019 S 23 S/2020 S 12 S/2005 S 4 S/2019 S 25 S/2020 S 1 Ijiraq S/2019 S 24 S/2007 S 10 S/2019 S 26 S/2020 S 13 S/2023 S 6 S/2023 S 7
Paaliaq	Paaliaq
Siarnaq subgroup (15)	S/2004 S 31 S/2023 S 19 S/2023 S 3 S/2020 S 19 Tarqeq S/2019 S 14 Siarnaq S/2019 S 32 S/2020 S 3 S/2005 S 6 S/2019 S 6 S/2004 S 58 S/2006 S 23 S/2020 S 5 S/2023 S 22

Gallic group (17)

Albiorix
S/2020 S 15
Bebhionn
S/2007 S 8
Saturn LX
S/2019 S 29
S/2023 S 18
S/2023 S 17
S/2007 S 11
Erriapus
S/2019 S 31
Tarvos
S/2020 S 4
S/2019 S 34
S/2005 S 7
S/2006 S 12
S/2004 S 24

Norse group (197)

Low-inclination (12)	S/2023 S 38 Skathi S/2020 S 17 S/2023 S 20 S/2023 S 30 Hyrrokkin Narvi S/2019 S 37 Bestla S/2019 S 11 S/2020 S 27 S/2023 S 46
Kari subgroup (15)	S/2006 S 1 S/2004 S 45 S/2023 S 27 S/2006 S 3 S/2023 S 33 S/2020 S 30 Kari Geirrod S/2019 S 17 S/2019 S 19 S/2019 S 18 S/2004 S 21 S/2004 S 36 S/2019 S 20 S/2006 S 29
Mundilfari subgroup (143)	S/2023 S 50 S/2023 S 9 S/2004 S 56 S/2023 S 8 S/2023 S 11 S/2006 S 21 S/2006 S 22 S/2023 S 13 S/2023 S 10 S/2023 S 12 S/2007 S 5 S/2007 S 7 S/2004 S 37 S/2004 S 47 S/2004 S 40 S/2020 S 14 S/2019 S 27 S/2023 S 14 S/2020 S 16 S/2023 S 16 S/2019 S 3 S/2020 S 7 S/2019 S 28 Skoll S/2019 S 30 S/2023 S 21 S/2023 S 4 S/2020 S 18 S/2020 S 2 S/2019 S 4 S/2020 S 20 S/2004 S 41 S/2004 S 57 S/2006 S 24 S/2004 S 42 S/2023 S 15 S/2023 S 24 S/2004 S 13 S/2007 S 6 S/2019 S 35 S/2006 S 25 Mundilfari S/2006 S 26 S/2019 S 33 S/2023 S 23 S/2020 S 21 S/2004 S 43 S/2006 S 10 S/2019 S 5 S/2023 S 25 S/2004 S 59 S/2006 S 27 Gridr Bergelmir Jarnsaxa S/2023 S 44 S/2020 S 22 S/2004 S 44 Hati S/2004 S 17 S/2004 S 12 S/2020 S 23 Eggther S/2023 S 28 S/2023 S 37 S/2023 S 26 S/2019 S 36 S/2006 S 13 S/2023 S 48 S/2023 S 29 S/2007 S 9 Farbauti S/2019 S 9 S/2023 S 32 S/2020 S 24 Aegir S/2019 S 10 Beli S/2023 S 31 S/2020 S 25 S/2023 S 34 S/2023 S 39 S/2019 S 12 S/2004 S 61 S/2006 S 14 S/2023 S 40 Gunnlod S/2019 S 15 S/2020 S 6 S/2020 S 26 S/2023 S 41 S/2004 S 7 S/2005 S 5 S/2006 S 16 S/2023 S 49 S/2006 S 15 S/2023 S 42 S/2004 S 28 S/2020 S 32 S/2020 S 8 S/2020 S 28 S/2019 S 38 S/2004 S 48 S/2023 S 36 S/2023 S 35 S/2020 S 29 Fenrir S/2004 S 50 S/2006 S 17 S/2004 S 49 S/2020 S 34 S/2020 S 31 S/2023 S 43 Surtur S/2006 S 18 S/2020 S 36 Loge S/2020 S 33 S/2004 S 39 S/2019 S 16 S/2004 S 53 S/2023 S 45 Thiazzi S/2020 S 38 S/2020 S 40 S/2019 S 40 S/2019 S 42 Saturn LXIV S/2020 S 39 S/2019 S 41 Fornjot S/2023 S 47 S/2004 S 51 S/2020 S 10 S/2020 S 42 S/2020 S 9 S/2023 S 5 S/2020 S 41 S/2019 S 21 S/2004 S 52 S/2020 S 43 S/2019 S 43 S/2020 S 44
Phoebe subgroup (27)	Phoebe S/2006 S 20 S/2006 S 9 S/2007 S 2 S/2019 S 2 Greip Suttungr S/2004 S 60 S/2007 S 3 S/2006 S 11 S/2019 S 7 S/2019 S 8 Thrymr S/2004 S 46 Angrboda Gerd S/2019 S 13 Skrymir S/2006 S 28 Alvaldi Ymir S/2020 S 35 S/2020 S 37 S/2019 S 39 S/2006 S 19 Saturn LVIII S/2019 S 44