Monterrey is considered one of the most livable cities in Mexico, and a 2018 study ranked the suburb of San Pedro Garza García as the city with the best quality of life in the country.[11] It serves as a commercial center of northern Mexico and is the base of many significant international corporations. Itspurchasing power parity-adjusted GDP per capita is considerably higher than the rest of Mexico's at around US$35,500, compared to the country's US$18,800.[12] It is considered aBeta World City,[13][14] cosmopolitan and competitive.[15] Rich in history and culture, it is one of the most developed cities in Mexico.[16]
The uninterrupted settlement of Monterrey began with its founding by Diego de Montemayor in 1596. Following theMexican War of Independence, the city grew into a key business hub. The city experienced great industrial growth following the establishment of theMonterrey Foundry in 1900. It holds prominent positions in industries such as steel, cement, glass, auto parts, and brewing. The city's economic success has been partly attributed to its proximity to theUnited States-Mexico border and strong economic ties with the United States.[17][18]
Before the European foundation of the city, there was no established nation-state, and the population consisted of some indigenousnomad groups.Carved stone andcave painting in surrounding mountains and caves have allowed historians to identify four major groups in present-day Monterrey:Azalapas,Huachichiles,Coahuiltecos andBorrados.[20]
In the 16th century, the valley in which Monterrey sits was known as theExtremadura Valley, an area largely unexplored by the Spanish colonizers. The first expeditions and colonization attempts were led by conquistadorAlberto del Canto, who named the citySanta Lucia, but they were unsuccessful because the Spanish were attacked by the natives and fled. The Spanish expeditionaryLuis Carvajal y de la Cueva negotiated withKing Philip II of Spain to establish a territory in northernNew Spain that would be calledNuevo León, the "New Kingdom of León". In 1580, he arrived in the newly granted lands but it was not until 1582 that he established a settlement calledSan Luis Rey de Francia (named forSaint Louis IX of France) within present-day Monterrey. The New Kingdom of León extended westward from the port ofTampico to the limits ofNueva Vizcaya ("New Biscay", now State ofChihuahua), and around 1,000 kilometers northward. For eight years Nuevo León was abandoned and uninhabited, until a third expedition of 13 families led by conquistadorDiego de Montemayor founded theCiudad Metropolitana de Nuestra Señora de Monterrey ("Metropolitan City of Our Lady of Monterrey") on September 20, 1596, next to a water spring calledOjos de Agua de Santa Lucia, where the Museum of Mexican History andSanta Lucía riverwalk are now.
During the years of Spanish rule, Monterrey remained a small city, and its population varied from a few hundred to only dozens. The city facilitated trade betweenSan Antonio (now in Texas),Tampico and fromSaltillo to the center of the country. Tampico's port brought many products from Europe, while Saltillo concentrated the Northern Territories' trade with the capital,Mexico City. San Antonio was the key trade point with the northern foreign colonies (British and French).[citation needed]
In the 19th century, after theMexican Independence War, Monterrey rose as a key economic center for the newly formed nation, especially due to its balanced ties between Europe (with its connections to Tampico), the United States (with its connections to San Antonio), and the capital (through Saltillo). In 1824, the "New Kingdom of León" became the State ofNuevo León, and Monterrey was selected as its capital. But the political instability that followed the first 50 years of the new country allowed two American invasions and an internal secession war, during which the governor of the state annexedCoahuila andTamaulipas states, designating Monterrey as the capital of theRepublic of the Sierra Madre as it did before in 1840 for theRepublic of the Rio Grande.[citation needed]
In 1846, the earliest large-scale engagement of theMexican–American War took place in the city, known as theBattle of Monterrey. Mexican forces were forced to surrender but only after successfully repelling U.S. forces' first few advances on the city. The battle inflicted high casualties on both sides, much of them resulting from hand-to-hand combat within the walls of the city center. Many of the generals in theMexican War against France were natives of the city, includingMariano Escobedo,Juan Zuazua (b. Lampazos de Naranjo, NL) andJerónimo Treviño.[citation needed]
The breweryCervecería Cuauhtémoc, one of the milestone local enterprises, was founded in 1890.
During the last decade of the 19th century, Monterrey was linked by railroad, which benefitted industry. It was during this period thatJosé Eleuterio González founded theUniversity Hospital, now one of northeast Mexico's best public hospitals, affiliated with the School of Medicine of theAutonomous University of Nuevo León (UANL). Antonio Basagoiti and other citizens founded theFundidora de Fierro y Acero de Monterrey.[21]
A steel-producing company that accelerated the already fast industrialization of the city was founded in 1900 and became one of the world's biggest. In 1986, Monterrey hosted several games of the1986 FIFA World Cup.[citation needed]
Monterrey experienced a host of strikes against poor working conditions and the creation of unions during this period. The working class of Monterrey were subject to long hours, little pay, and dangerous working conditions, as were most other urban areas on the cusp of the Industrial Revolution. This led to several strikes and unionization. What makes Monterrey unique was the culture of solidarity shared by the working class. This culture of solidarity meant that workers from different companies would support one another in strikes and unionization. Regardless of how an individual company treated their employees, some would go on strike in support of others. This created tension between the employers and the employees to the point of violence and government intervention through the Mexican Revolution and into the 1940s.[22]
The city has hosted international events such as the 2002United Nations Conference on Financing for Development with the participation of more than 50 heads of state and government, as well as other ministers and senior delegates from over 150 countries. The conference resulted in the adoption of theMonterrey Consensus, which has become a reference point for international development and cooperation. In 2004, theOASSpecial Summit of the Americas was attended by almost all the presidents of the Americas.[citation needed]
In 2010, Monterrey was hit by another damaging storm,Hurricane Alex which was considered worse thanHurricane Gilbert, with record-breaking rain bringing floods and causing severe economic damage. Damage estimates totaled US$1.885 billion and $16.9 billion MXN. Reconstruction and urban renewal ensued. Recently, theNuevo León Development Plan 2030 was presented, along with some other metropolitan projects.[citation needed]
In summer 2022, the area experienced a severe drought, and city water service was cut off for several weeks to some areas, and in others limited to six hours a day.[25] The city has three reservoirs.Cerro Prieto Reservoir dropped to 1% of its capacity andLa Boca Reservoir dropped to 8%.[26]El Cuchillo Reservoir remained at 30%, but limited aqueduct capacity led the government to announce in September 2022 a second aqueduct to connect it to Monterrey, with expected completion in July 2023.[26] Heavy rains replenished reservoirs in early September.[26] Controversy erupted over local bottling companies continuing to use well water to export beer and soft drinks during the crisis, though industry uses only 4% of water in Nuevo León, while residents use 25% and agriculture uses 71%.[26] In late September, the governor of Nuevo León declared the crisis over, but asked residents to voluntarily use no more than 100 liters per day.[27]
The city of Monterrey is 540 metres (1,770 ft)above sea level in the northeastern state ofNuevo León.[28] Monterrey translated literally from Spanish to English is "King Mount" or "King Mountain", andfolk etymology claims that this refers to the city's topography and the large mountains that surround it (actually, the city was named after the wife ofGaspar de Zúñiga, 5th Count of Monterrey). The Santa Catarina River—dry most of the year on the surface but with flowing underground water—bisects Monterrey from east to west, separating the city into north and south halves, and drains the city to theSan Juan River andRio Grande.
Monterrey lies north of the foothills of theSierra Madre Orientalmountain range. A small hill, theCerro del Topo, and the smallerTopo Chico are in the suburbs of San Nicolás de los Garza and Escobedo. West of the city rises theCerro de las Mitras (Mountain of the Mitres), which resemble the profile of several bishops with theirmitres.
Cerro de la Silla (Saddle Mountain) dominates the view at the east of the city and is considered a major symbol of the city.Cerro de la Loma Larga—South of the Santa Catarina river—separates Monterrey from the suburb of San Pedro Garza García. At the summit of theCerro del Obispado, north of the river, is the historicBishopric Palace, site of one of the most important battles of theMexican–American War.
The mountains surrounding Monterrey are home to many canyons, trails, and roads that cross deserts and forests, offering suitable trails for the general public. TheSierra Madre Oriental mountains to the south of the city are part of the Parque Nacional Cumbres de Monterrey, which is part of UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Program of Biosphere Reserves, a designation it received in 2006.[30]
Key locations within Cumbres de Monterrey includes:
Parque Ecológico Chipinque, which features forested areas predominantly made up of oak and oak-pine trees.[31][32][33][34]
LaEstanzuela state park, located about 7 km (4 mi) south of Monterrey, offering a river and forested area.[35]
Garcia Caves – discovered in 1843 in Garcia, Nuevo León. These caves feature stunning stalagmite formations and snail fossils.[36]
Matacanes – in the municipality of Potrero Redondo inSantiago, Nuevo Leon. this is a 10 hour walking tour that includes rappel descents, underground rivers, waterfalls, and other natural obstacles.[37]
Hydrophobia Canyon – similar to Matacanes, but a completely aquatic area.[38]
Cascade Cola de Caballo – a spectacular waterfall in Santiago Nuevo Leon, formed by water that runs down from the mountains of Parque Nacional Cumbres de Monterrey, It is surrounded by impressive rock formations and expansive forests.
Monterrey has asemi-arid climate (Köppen climate classificationBSh), not having enough precipitation for ahumid subtropical climate. Being inland at a modest elevation, it is one of the warmest major cities in Mexico.[39] Summers are generally hot, spring and fall temperate, and winters mild, with temperatures rarely below freezing.[40] The average high in August is 36 °C (97 °F) and the average low is 24 °C (75 °F). The average January high is 22 °C (72 °F) and the average low in January is 10 °C (50 °F). Rainfall is scarce in winter, but more frequent during May through September.
Monterrey frequently experiences extreme weather changes; for example, it sometimes reaches 30 °C (86 °F) in January and February, the coldest months. The most extreme weather changes in summer occur with rainfall, which can reduce temperatures significantly, and the temporary absence of thenorthern winds in winter, which can lead to abnormally high temperatures. Seasons are not well defined; the warm season may start in February and may last until September. In April and May 2011 temperatures reached 45 °C (113 °F) or higher, causing fires and extreme heat. Snow is a very rare event, although an accumulation of 50 cm (20 in) in 8 hours occurred in January 1967.[41] The most recent snowfall was in February 2021. Sleet and ice events occurred in January 2007, December 2009, January and February 2010, and February 2011,[42] caused by temperatures around −5 °C (23 °F).
From June 30 to July 2, 2010, Monterrey was hit by the worst natural disaster in the city's history whenHurricane Alex delivered more than 584 mm (23 in) of rain in 72 hours, with areas reaching up to 1 m (39 in) of rain during that same period, destroying homes, avenues, highways and infrastructure, and leaving up to 200,000 families without water for a week or more. The amount of water that fell was equivalent to the average precipitation for a year. This was about 3–4 times as much rain asHurricane Gilbert produced in the city on September 15, 1988. The death toll of Hurricane Alex was estimated to be around 20.
Climate data for Monterrey (1991-2020), extremes (1929-present)
According to the nationalINEGI population census of 2010, of the total population of the state ofNuevo León, 87.3% lived in the Monterrey metropolitan area.[46][47][48][49][50]
Monterrey has an estimated 3.7%illiteracy rate. In 2005, of an estimated 983,359 inhabitants above 6 years of age, 36,689 were illiterate.[52] In 2005, the city had 72 public libraries, with 298,207 books available, serving an estimated 478,047 readers.[52]
TheUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (Autonomous University of Nuevo León, UANL) is the third-largest Mexican university and is ranked by the Reader's Digest-AC Nielsen Survey 2005 as the top public university in northeast Mexico.[53] Its main campus, Ciudad Universitaria (University City), covers approximately 67,630,000 square metres (17,000 acres).[54] The UANL system comprises 26 colleges (faculties), 22 graduate divisions, 29 high schools, 1 center of bilingual education and 3 technical high schools. Its medical school is considered one of the most advanced in Latin America.[55]
Monterrey is also the headquarters of theInstituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Studies),[56] which ranked No. 291 at the 2013 QS World University Rankings in Engineering and Information Technology, No. 201 in Social Sciences and No. 279 overall.[57] It also holds a "QS Stars Rated for Excellence" of 5 stars.
TheUniversidad Regiomontana[58] was founded in 1969 with the support of local leading multinational corporations such as Cemex,[59] Alfa,[60] Femsa,[61] Gamesa,[62] Protexa[63] and CYDSA.[64] It is a private educational institution offering university-preparatory school, undergraduate and graduate programs, having agreements with more than 350 universities across the globe (such as the recent expanded agreement[65] with Texas A&M International University).[66] It is member of GATE (Global Alliance for Transnational Education) and FIMPES (Federación de Instituciones Mexicanas Particulares de Educación Superior) and its administration holds an ISO 9001 Certification. The university is nationally recognized, so its degree equivalency is comparable to that of a regionally accredited university in the United States. The university is dedicated to educating students in an atmosphere of freedom and humanism, and providing students hands-on experience in their field of study. Its urban campus[67] further stimulates the city's vibrant economy and attracts working professionals who complement and enrich the academic experience.
TheUniversidad de Monterrey was founded by the religious congregations of the Sisters of Immaculate Mary of Guadalupe, the nuns of the Sacred Heart and the Marist and La Salle brothers, all of them supported by an association of Catholic citizens.[68]
Monterrey generally has a very highly ranked medical infrastructure with some internationally acclaimed hospitals,[69]including three withJoint Commission accreditation.[70]The Joint Commission is a private healthcare accreditation group. There are both public and private hospitals. TheMexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) has two major regional hospitals in the city, the Specialties Regional Hospital # 33, the cardiac centre (Hospital #34), and the Gynecology and Obstetrics Regional Hospital, serving also the northeastern states ofCoahuila andTamaulipas. Several smaller IMSS hospitals can be found such as the Traumatology and Orthopedics Hospital and the General Hospital # 25. State government owns the Metropolitan Hospital, located in the suburb ofSan Nicolás de los Garza and the Hospital of the Children and Mother Care inGuadalupe suburb.
TheAutonomous University of Nuevo León runs the public University Hospital, with a high-level shock-trauma unit and a specialized clinic for child cancer treatment. It is recognized as the best public hospital in the northeast of Mexico and the UANL School of Medicine as one of the best in the country. On the other hand, theTecnológico de Monterrey runs the HospitalSan José-Tec de Monterrey private hospital.
Monterrey has healthcare standards above the average for Mexico.[71] It has several hospitals, including Hospital Cima (formerly Santa Engracia) of the International Hospital Corporation. Its convenient location, low prices and quality of medical care have made of Monterrey a very popularmedical tourism destination for United States patients.[72][73]
Palacio Municipal de Monterrey (Monterrey City Hall)The Palace of Government of Nuevo León (Governor's Office)
Monterrey and itsmetropolitan area are municipalities governed by a democratically electedPresidente Municipal (Municipal President), or mayor, for a period of three years. The political environment is one of civility and in the last decade political parties have been alternating office. The currentmayor of Monterrey isAdrián de la Garza Santos.
The City Council of Monterrey (Cabildo de Monterrey) is an organ integrated by the mayor, theRegidores and theSíndicos. The mayor is the executor of the determinations of the City Council and the person directly in charge of public municipal administration. TheRegidores represent the community and collectively define city policies. TheSíndicos are in charge of watching and legally defending city interests, as well as of monitoring the treasury and the municipal patrimony.[74]
In 2005, Monterrey was ranked one of the safest cities in Mexico,[75] and it was one of the two safest in 2006. However since 2008 the city has experienced violence related to turf battles between rival drug cartels. The year marked the most violent period in the city's history. Although drug dealers remain a major concern, military offensives and police captures of important drug-cartel leaders have weakened the cartels trying to establish themselves Despite these challenges, the city is considered safe for travel during both the day and at night, with the violence that does occur being cartel against rival cartel.[76][77][78]
Monterrey has two police departments: the Police of the City of Monterrey (locally known as thePolicía Regia),[79] which is under the municipal government, and State Public Safety which oversees more remote areas.[80] ThePolicía Regia is responsible for protecting the downtown and main areas of the city, while State Public Safety is focused on the outskirts. Following the2011 attack on the Casino Royale, security has been reinforced by military and federal police.[81]
There are several between-cities bus lines at the bus station downtown. There are arrivals and departures into deeper Mexico, to the U.S. border and into the United States. Monterrey is also connected by at least three important railroad freight lines:Nuevo Laredo-Mexico City, Monterrey-Tampico, and Monterrey-Pacific (Mazatlán).
The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in Monterrey, for example to and from work, on a weekday is 85 min. 25% of public transit riders, ride for more than 2 hours every day. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is 17 min, while 29.% of riders wait for over 20 minutes on average every day. The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is 9.5 km, while 25% travel for over 12 km in a single direction.[82]
Four airlines have their operational bases and headquarters in Monterrey:Volaris,Aeroméxico Connect,VivaAerobus andMagnicharters. Regarding ground transportation from Monterrey International Airport, taxi services link the airport with the city and charge around US$20 for a one-way ride to the city. From this airport, there is a bus shuttle to nearby Saltillo. Inter-city bus services run daily into the interior, as well as north to the US border and points beyond. A public transportation bus line operated by theNuevo Leon State Government called theRuta Express (Express Route) also operates from the airport to theMetrorrey Line 1'sY Griega metro station.[87]
Early in the 20th century, Monterrey, Mexico began a successful economic metamorphosis and growth pattern that remains an exception inMexico. This all began with increased investments in irrigation that fueled a boom in agriculture and ranching for this northern Mexican city. The economic growth has fueled income disparity for the 3.86 million residents who live in theMonterrey Metro area (MMA). In addition, the rapid urbanization has taken a large toll on the water resources. In addressing many of this challenges, the city of Monterrey has become a model for sound and effectiveIntegrated urban water management.
The challenges that Monterrey has confronted pertain to scarcity of surface water resources, poor water quality due to untreated industrialeffluents, political cycles and term-limits which can limit long-term vision, and water disputes between urban and agricultural users. Monterrey has good groundwater "well-fields" that supply about 40% of the water demand for the city and generally are not over-exploited because of good connections to high-yieldaquifer systems in the central parts of the "Curvatura de Monterrey". These wells are managed as storage reserves that can be used in time of drought, which is quite common in this region of Mexico.[88]
Also unique to Monterrey is an arrangement made between farmers and the municipality, whereby the farmers grant the use of their water rights from the nearby Cuchillo reservoir and the municipal water utility SADM(Servicios de Agua y Drenaje de Monterrey) returns urban used and treated water to farmers forirrigation.[89] This arrangement has benefited both parties since SADM supplements its water supply with high quality but internmitent supply from the Cuchillo reservoir and farmers receive a consistent and full of nutrients water for irrigation. The longer term outlook for the area is for urbanization to continue and water availability to decrease, therefore, new water management strategies will have to be created.
Monterrey is a major industrial center in northern Mexico, with a GDP (PPP) of US$140 billion and a GDP (PPP) per capita of US$31,900 in 2015.[10] The city was rated byFortune magazine in 1999 as the best city in Latin America for business and is currently ranked third best by theAmérica Economía magazine.[17]
The city has prominent positions in sectors such as steel, cement, glass, auto parts, and brewing. The city's economic wealth has been attributed in part to its proximity to the United States-Mexico border and economic links to the United States.[17][90]
Industrialization was accelerated in the mid-19th century by theCompañia Fundidora de Fierro y Acero Monterrey, a steel-processing company.[91] Today, Monterrey is home to transnational conglomerates such asCemex (the world's third largest cement company),[92]FEMSA (Coca-Cola Latin America, largest independent Coca-Cola bottler in the world),Alfa (petrochemicals, food, telecommunications and auto parts),Axtel (telecommunications),Vitro (glass),Selther (leading mattress and rest systems firm in Latin America),Gruma (food), andBanorte (financial services). TheFEMSA corporation owned a large brewery, theCuauhtémoc Moctezuma Brewery (Cervecería Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma) that produces the brands Sol,Tecate, Indio,Dos Equis andCarta Blanca among others, in the beginning of the year Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma Brewery was sold to Dutch-based companyHeineken. By the end of the same year, there were more than 13,000 manufacturing companies, 55,000 retail stores, and more than 52,000 service firms in Monterrey.[93]
The metals sector, dominated by iron and steel, accounted for 6 percent of manufacturingGNP in 1994.[94] Mexico'ssteel industry is centered in Monterrey, where the country's first steel mills opened in 1903. Steel processing plants in Monterrey, privatized in 1986, accounted for about half of Mexico's total steel output in the early 1990s.[94] The region also has metal reclamation industry, like Zinc Nacional, which processes hazardous waste electric arc furnace dust to extract useful metals for resale. In 2022, Monterrey receives almost half of all metallic hazardous waste the US exported.[95]
Monterrey was ranked 94th worldwide and fifth in Latin America in terms of Quality of Life according to Mercer Human Resource Consulting (2006),[96] and was ranked second in 2005 and fourth in 2006, according to América Economía.
In March 2023,Tesla announced that it would build a newgigafactory—Gigafactory Mexico—near Monterrey. The factory will be a ~US$10 billion dollar investment, and will employ thousands of workers when fully operational, as well as employ many thousands of workers during construction.[97]
Cabrito (kid goat) is Monterrey's most popular traditional dish
The most traditional dish from Monterrey iscabrito,[99] kid goat cooked on embers. Other local dishes and customs that perhaps date back to theCrypto-Judaism of Monterrey's founding families are the "semita" (bread without leavening), thecapirotada dessert (a mix of cooked bread, cheese, raisins, peanuts, and crystallized sugarcane juice), and the relative absence of pork dishes. Another famous local dish ismachacado con huevo.
Carne asada on weekends remains a tradition among Monterrey families. It is usually served with grilled onions, baked potatoes andsausages or chopped astacos. Locally brewed beer and cola are an almost mandatory part of the weekly ritual. "Glorias" and "obleas", made from goat milk, are both traditional Nuevo León desserts.
Monterrey has a wide gastronomic variety due to its climate geography, climate, texture, a mixture of ethnics groups, and their influences, a series of unique dishes have been created through more than 400 years of history.[100][101]
After the USMCA was ratified, an industrialChinatown with signs in both Spanish and Chinese formed in Monterrey to take advantage of tariff free trade with the United States given its proximity toTexas.[102]
Faro del Comercio (Lighthouse of Commerce), another trademark of the city. This monument beams agreen laser around the city at night.
Barrio Antiguo (lit.Old neighborhood or old town) is the historical urban center of the city of Monterrey. There are preserved houses from the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries. Nowadays bars, cafes, art galleries and restaurants can be found there. In November of every year theFestival Cultural Barrio Antiguo takes place with national and international artists and performers. In recent years this festival has been replaced with theFestival Internacional de Santa Lucia, which now takes place in September.
The Museum of Modern Art is a post-modern Mexican architecture designed byRicardo Legorreta with the objective of creating different ambiances for artists and visitors from all around the world.
Monterrey'sInukshuk is one of only a handful of authentic examples to be found outside Canada of these stone monuments from the high Arctic. The sculpture was created in situ by the Inuit artistBill Nasogaluak in 2007 and was a gift to the state of Nuevo León from the Canadian Chamber of Commerce and the Government of Canada.
Fundidora Park is a large urban park that contains old foundry buildings, 120 hectares of natural ambiance, artificial lakes, playgrounds, alternative cinema (Cineteca), museum (Photo Collection, the State Plastic Arts Collection, Exhibits and Spaces), hotel, auditorium and convention center.
Puente de la Unidad (sometimes calledPuente Atirantado) is a suspension bridge that crosses the Santa Catarina River and joinsSan Pedro Garza García with Monterrey.
TheAlfa Planetarium is the firstIMAX dome built in Latin America and fourth in the world.
ITESM, ITESM has two distinctive buildings CEDES which houses the administration of the ITESM nationwide system and the CETEC which houses the main computer classroom and other offices.
TheCola de Caballo (Horse Tail) waterfall, on the mountains near the towns of Santiago and El Cercado, about 35 km (22 mi) south.
On the way to the Cola de Caballo waterfall (Carretera Nacional going to Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas), in Santiago, the Presa Rodrigo Gomez or "La Boca" ("La Boca" Dam)[104][105] lays nested between green hills.
The Museum of Mexican History[106] is the most representative and visited museum of the North of the Republic, fulfilling its purpose of spreading the historical content of the Mexican cultural heritage.
LABNL Lab Cultural Ciudadano is a citizen laboratory located in the center of the city. This public space of collective creation develops projects for the common benefit of local communities.[citation needed]
Monterrey is an important producer and broadcaster of media and entertainment in Mexico.Grupo Multimedios operates 4 television channels in the city, andXHAW-TDT is theflagship of the near-national networkCanal 6, which also airs as a cable network in the United States. National broadcasting networksTelevisa andAzteca have local stations for all of their major channels, along with the non-commercial broadcasters such asOnce andCanal 22 networks. The state of Nuevo León andUANL also maintain television stations.
Grupo Reforma, one of the most widely read news sources in Mexico originated in the city with the newspaperEl Norte.Milenio Diario de Monterrey, published byGrupo Multimedios, is another newspaper of high distribution, daily printing local editions in the most important Mexican cities. Other local newspapers includeEl Porvenir,El Horizonte, andABC. Northern Mexico's weekly business newspaperBiznews is also headquartered in Monterrey.
Monterrey also hasseveral radio stations broadcasting news, music, entertainment, and culture for the city. The main radio broadcasting groups areMultimedios Radio, Grupo Radio Alegría and Nucleo Radio Monterrey.
Monterrey has twofootball teams in the Mexican league. TheC.F. Monterrey, commonly known as theRayados del Monterrey, uses theEstadio BBVA Bancomer, a facility sponsored byBBVA Bancomer and other important businesses. TheTigres UANL, owned byCEMEX,[119] host matches atEstadio Universitario, on the main campus of theUANL. Both teams are related to the city on thederby, calledClásico Regiomontano. During the match, most of the city watches in bars, clubs, and family homes. It was proposed to build a stadium for both teams, the "Estadio Internacional Monterrey",[120] but both teams rejected the idea. The project is still being promoted, but the UANL Tigres have yet to finish their stadium contract and theRayados just inaugurated a new stadium of their own. Club de Fútbol Monterrey recently opened a new stadium with a capacity of 50,000. It was scheduled to be finished by 2014, named "Estadio de Fútbol Monterrey", but was inaugurated on August 2, 2015, in a match withBenfica. Rayados won, 3–0. Before the inauguration, the name was changed toEstadio BBVA Bancomer. It will remain the club's property for 50 years before becoming government property.
Baseball has a long history in the city, where it became the most popular sport during the early 20th century. Monterrey has been champion of theLittle League World Series three times (1957, 1958 and 1997), and has been host ofMajor League Baseball games. TheSultanes de Monterrey are a Mexican League baseball team in the Northern Division. They have won the national title several times. The team was formed May 20, 1939, as Carta Blanca (a local beer brand, owned by Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma Brewery which owned the team). The team was also known as the gray ghosts. Soon, they became one of the most important teams in the league, winning its first championship in 1943. The Sultanes play in theEstadio de Béisbol Monterrey, the largest baseball stadium in Mexico.[citation needed] In 2003, the city unsuccessfully attempted to buy (and relocate to Monterrey) theMontreal Expos franchise ofMajor League Baseball.
Starting 2009 theMonterrey Open has been held at Monterrey. It is a professional women's tennis tournament affiliated with the Women's Tennis Association (WTA), and is part of the International tournaments on the WTA Tour. TheMonterrey Open was also a golf tournament on the U.S.-based second tier professionalNike Tour, later named the Nationwide Tour and the Korn Ferry Tour, from 1993 to 2001. It was played at the Club Campestre inSan Pedro Garza García, a suburb of Monterrey. In 2010, Monterrey hosted theInternational Ice Hockey Federation World U18 Championship at theMonterrey Ice Complex. Centauros Rugby Club Monterrey was founded in 2010 and is affiliated with the FMRU (Federacion Mexicana de Rugby).
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^"Anuncian reactivación del vuelo Monterrey-Nueva York de Aeroméxico". Gobierno del Estado de Nuevo León, México. 2005. Archived fromthe original on March 4, 2014. RetrievedJuly 6, 2008.Cantú Valderrama añadió que con esto, fuera de la Ciudad de México y de los viajes charters a Cancún, Quintana Roo, Monterrey es el aeropuerto más importante en el interior de la República.
^Figueroa, Laureana Martínez (January 1, 2020)."Ángela Alessio Robles. La ingeniera que abrió brecha".Ingenieros de profesión, arquitectos de vocación. 25 protagonistas de la arquitectura mexicana del siglo XX. Iván San Martín Córdova, coordinador.Archived from the original on August 25, 2024. RetrievedMarch 10, 2024.
Snodgrass, Michael (2003).Deference and Defiance in Monterrey: Workers, Paternalism, and Revolution in Mexico, 1890-1950. Cambridge Latin American studies. Cambridge University Press.ISBN978-0-521-81189-7.
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