The naming of Monmouth County has different historical theories. It is thought that the county received its name from the Rhode Island Monmouth Society.[21][22] This is likely, due to many of the county's earliest settlers originating fromRhode Island. Another plausible theory, is from a suggestion fromColonelLewis Morris that the county should be named afterMonmouthshire inWales,Great Britain. Other suggestions include that it was named forJames Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth (1649–1685), who had many allies among the East Jersey leadership.[23]
Around the year 1000, the area of Monmouth County began to be inhabited by theLenapeNative Americans prior to the arrival of European settlers. They came from the Mississippi River area. They lived along the vicinity of theJersey Shore, theRaritan Bay, theRaritan River and other areas in thenortheastern United States. The Lenape were ahunter-gatherer society. They were largely sedentary, changing campsites seasonally. They were prolific hunters of small game and birds. They were also skilled fisherman, and were known to harvest vast amounts of clams from the bays and inlets on the Jersey Shore. They also practiced some agriculture to augment their food supply. During this time, an important crossroad of two major Lenape trails was located in the area ofFreehold Township in western Monmouth County.[24]
In 1609, the English navigator,Henry Hudson, and his crew aboard the Dutch vesselHalf Moon spotted land in what is now Monmouth County,[25] most likely offSandy Hook; however, some historical accounts credit this landing to present-dayKeansburg.Among the first European settlers and majority landowners in the area were Richard andPenelope Stout. Penelope "miraculously" survived her wounds from a native attack inSandy Hook and lived to the age of 110. A group ofQuaker families fromLong Island settled theMonmouth Tract, an early land grant fromRichard Nicolls issued in 1665.[26] They were followed by a group of Scottish settlers who inhabitedFreehold Township in about 1682–1885, followed several years later by Dutch settlers. As they arrived in this area, they were greeted by Lenape people, who lived in scattered small family bands and developed a largely amicable relationship with the new arrivals.[27]Enslaved Africans were present in the area from at least 1680, and by 1726 made up 9% of the total population of the county.[28]
Monmouth County was established on March 7, 1683, while part of the province ofEast Jersey. On October 31, 1693, the county was partitioned into the townships ofFreehold,Middletown andShrewsbury.[29]
At independence, Monmouth's population included 1,640 slaves, as well as an undetermined number offree African Americans. The number of enslaved persons fell steeply after 1820, though a small number remained until at least 1850. Monmouth's free African American population climbed from 353 in 1790 to 2,658 in 1860.[28] There was a small African-American middle class consisting of freedmen present in Monmouth County by the 1840s and 1850s.[31]
In 1790 Monmouth County's population was 16,918, of whom roughly 6,600 were ofEnglish descent and the remainder wereWelsh,Dutch andSwedish, as well as small amounts ofAfrican Americans andNorthern Irish Protestants.[32] By 2010 Monmouth County's population was 628,112 of whom 40,489 were ofEnglish descent.[33] Between 1890 and 1907 nearly 18 million European immigrants came to America.[34] At the same time the region underwent massive and not unrelated economic changes, this process led to places like Monmouth County, New Jersey becoming significantly more diverse and somewhat less rural.[35]
On May 18, 1826, theNavesink Twin Lights were commissioned byCongress, and were first used in 1828. The twin lighthouses were one of only seven in the country. However, this structure deteriorated rapidly, and was in need of replacement. On May 1, 1862, the current structure was first lit at a much grander scale. Upon completion, it was the most powerful lighthouse in the United States. In 1883, it became the first lighthouse in the country to use a mineral-oil lamp. Today, the lighthouse is open to the public as a U.S. historiclandmark andplace.[36]
In 1848, one of the original Life Saving Stations was built inSandy Hook for theUnited States Coast Guard. Between 1857 and 1867, construction began on the Fort at Sandy Hook. The fort remained nameless until 1895 when it was namedFort Hancock afterWinfield Scott Hancock. On August 7, 1874, theSandy Hook Proving Ground was established as a weapons testing area, considered a separate facility from the fort. In 1890, construction began on theartillery batteries of the fort. The Battery Porter was an early prototype of thegun lift carriage.[37]
During the 19th century,Keyport's Marine Park was a major shipbuilding hub, having built 55steamships between 1807 and 1868, which was more thanHoboken,Jersey City, orCamden during this period.[38]
In 1888,Palace Amusements opened inAsbury Park alongside the boardwalk, and contained numerousamusement rides and games, such as acarousel. After years of a declining economy within the city, the palace closed in 1988, 100 years after it opened. In 2004, the building was deemed unsafe, and was ordered to be demolished, although various elements were saved such as the iconicTillie mural and the carousel.
Fort Hancock inSandy Hook played a minor role inWorld War 1 andWorld War 2. The fort was intended as one of the defensive forts of New York City, and as neither war came to the area, the fort was largely unaffected. However, during World War 1, several of the artillery guns were removed for use elsewhere. In 1919, theSandy Hook Proving Ground was essentially abandoned in favor of a large site at theAberdeen Proving Ground inMaryland. During World War 2, the fort served as a mobilization center. In 1946, the guns at the fort were considered obsolete, leading to their scrapping and subsequent decommissioning of the fort. The fort was reactivated twice, first as an antiaircraft defense and later as a Nike missile base, but was closed for good in 1974.[37] Today, the fort is aNational Historic Place andLandmark.
In 1916, two of the threeJersey Shore shark attacks occurred in Monmouth County, with one occurring on July 6 inSpring Lake while the other occurred on July 12 inMatawan. One person was killed in the Spring Lake attack, while in Matawan two people were killed and one was injured.
On November 11, 1926, the Count Basie Theater opened as the Carlton Theater inRed Bank. In 1970, the theater had closed alongside most of the other historic theaters in the town. In 1973, an anonymous donation allowed for the preservation of the theater. In 1984, it was renamed afterCount Basie, a native of Red Bank. Many well-known acts had performed at the theater, such asTony Bennett,Olivia Newton-John,Bruce Springsteen, andJon Bon Jovi.[46]
On June 12, 1968, theGarden State Arts Center opened inHolmdel Township alongside theGarden State Parkway, having its own exit of 116. Theamphitheater often hostedclassical andpopularmusic, as well as various other programs, and has a capacity of roughly 10,000 people. In 1995, on the opposite side of the parkway, theNew Jersey Vietnam Veterans' Memorial was opened. In 1996, the facility expanded heavily, adding thousands in capacity, and shifting toward general music with broader appeal to compete with other amphitheaters. In 1996, the facility was renamed to PNC Bank Arts Center. The theater is one of the most successful amphitheaters in the country.[52][53]
In 1970,Asbury Park experienced a majorrace riot between July 4 and July 10, one of the largest in New Jersey. The riot was largely due to highunemployment, poor housing conditions, and lack ofrecreational activities within the African American community. Over 180 people were injured during the week long riot. The largelyAfrican American West Side of the city experienced the most damage, with an estimated $5,600,000 in damages.[54]
In 2005,Fort Monmouth was recommended for closure, and in 2011 the facility shut down for good. Redevelopment of the land had been in talks since 2006, and in 2021Netflix had announced it was going to create a film studio at the facility.[56] In 2022, a proposal to develop housing units where the fort's housing stands was approved.[57]
In 2006, Bell Labs was sold, and preservation efforts were made by residents and former employees. In 2013, a developer began site redevelopment, with the research building becoming aNew Urbanism inspiredmixed-use facility, while the surrounding land became residential housing.
In 2016, Monmouth Mall in Eatontown announced that it would be redeveloped into a pedestrian-friendly mixed-used development, including demolition of some of the abandoned parts of the mall, with the addition of housing, plazas and walkways, amongst many other changes. The mall, which opened in 1960, had faced lots ofvacancies and financial troubles over the years that led to the decision. The plans were finalized in 2023.[58]
According to theU.S. Census Bureau, as of the 2020 Census, the county had a total area of 661.40 square miles (1,713.0 km2), of which 468.18 square miles (1,212.6 km2) was land (70.8%) and 193.22 square miles (500.4 km2) was water (29.2%).[2]
Much of Monmouth County remains flat and low-lying, even at its western inland extreme. However, there are some low hills in and aroundHolmdel Township, and one of them,Crawford Hill, the former site of a radar facility, is the county's highest point, variously listed at 380 to 391 feet (116 to 119 m) above sea level.[60][61] The top portion of the hill is owned byAlcatel-Lucent and houses a research laboratory ofBell Laboratories.[62] The northeastern portion of the county, in theLocust section ofMiddletown Township and the boroughs ofHighlands andAtlantic Highlands, are also very hilly. The lowest point is sea level.
Along with adjacentMiddlesex andOcean counties, Monmouth County is a mecca for boating and fishing. Its waterways include severaltributaries that flow from the moreagrarian regions of western Monmouth County into theRaritan River, and various rivers and inlets that flow from the moredensely populated region of theRaritan Bayshore of northern Monmouth County into theRaritan Bay and theLower New York Bay, before finally draining out into theAtlantic Ocean. TheManasquan Inlet is located in the county, which connects the Atlantic Ocean with the estuary of theManasquan River, a bay-like body of saltwater that serves as the starting point of theIntracoastal Waterway, which attracts as many as 1,600 boats each weekend during the peak season.[63]
Much of Monmouth County has ahumid subtropical climate (Cfa), while some inland areas have a hot-summerhumid continental climate (Dfa). In recent years, average temperatures in the county seat of Freehold Borough have ranged from a low of 22 °F (−6 °C) in January to a high of 86 °F (30 °C) in July, although a record low of −13 °F (−25 °C) was recorded in January 1984 and a record high of 106 °F (41 °C) was recorded in July 2011. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 2.98 inches (76 mm) in February to 5.08 inches (129 mm) in July.[64]
Average monthly temperatures in Asbury Park range from 32.5 °F in January to 75.0 °F in July, while in Allentown, they range from 32.1 °F in January to 75.5 °F in July.[3]
On October 29, 2012,Hurricane Sandy caused catastrophic damage to coastal areas of Monmouth County. As Sandy's surge arrived in Monmouth County, flood levels of 13.31 feet (4.06 m) above normal were measured atSandy Hook shortly before the destruction of the tidal station, breaking all previous local records. The surge caused waves as high as 32.5 feet (9.9 m), measured where theSandy Hook Bay meets theNew York Bay.[65]
Historical sources: 1790-1990[66] 1970-2010[11] 2000[9] 2010[8] 2020[3][4] * = Lost territory in previous decade.[29]
2020 census
Monmouth County, New Jersey – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
As of the2020 census, the county had 643,615 people, 240,377 households, and 161,545 families. Thepopulation density was 1,372.9 inhabitants per square mile (530.1/km2). There were 268,912 housing units at an average density of 573.6 per square mile (221.5/km2). The county's racial makeup was 71.6%White, 6.08%African American, 0.07%Native American, 5.6%Asian, and 3.4% from two or more races.Hispanic orLatino of any race were 12.5% of the population.[3]
Of the 240,377households, of which 38.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.5% were married couples living together, 25.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 14.4% had a male householder with no wife present and 32.8% were non-families. 13.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.16.[3]
About 21.4% of the county's population was under age 18, 8.1% was from age 18 to 24, 34.8% was from age 15 to 44, and 18.2% was age 65 or older. The median age was 43.5 years. The gender makeup of the city was 48.7% male and 51.3% female. For every 100 females, there were 95.0 males.[3]
The county's median household income was $102,870, and the median family income was $124,778. About 6.0% of the population were below thepoverty line, including 9.1% of those under age 18 and 6.4% of those age 65 or over.[3]
2010 census
The2010 United States census counted 630,380 people, 233,983 households, and 163,320 families in the county. Thepopulation density was 1,344.7 per square mile (519.2/km2). There were 258,410 housing units at an average density of 551.2 per square mile (212.8/km2). The racial makeup was 82.60% (520,716)White, 7.37% (46,443)Black or African American, 0.19% (1,211)Native American, 4.96% (31,258)Asian, 0.03% (211)Pacific Islander, 2.89% (18,187) fromother races, and 1.96% (12,354) from two or more races.Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.67% (60,939) of the population.[8]
Of the 233,983 households, 32.4% had children under the age of 18; 55.5% were married couples living together; 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present and 30.2% were non-families. Of all households, 25% were made up of individuals and 10.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.22.[8]
23.8% of the population were under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 24% from 25 to 44, 30.6% from 45 to 64, and 13.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41.3 years. For every 100 females, the population had 94.7 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 91.9 males.[8]
Monmouth County is governed by a five-memberBoard of County Commissioners, who are elected at-large for three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with either one or two seats up for election each year. Each January, the commissioners select one of their members to serve as the director of the board for the year to preside over the meetings and activities of the board. Monmouth County's Commissioners have both administrative and policy-making powers. The commissioners oversee the five mandatory functions of the county government delegated to it by the state. Each commissioner is assigned responsibility for one of the five functional areas: Administration and Special Services; Public Works and Engineering; Human Services, Health and Transportation; Finance and Administration of Justice, overseeing more than 70 county departments in total.[76][77] In 2016, freeholders were paid $27,000 and the freeholder director was paid an annual salary of $27,900.[78] County Administrator Teri O'Connor, an appointed position, serves as the county's chief executive officer, and is responsible for carrying out the policies and directives established by the Board of County Commissioners and managing the daily operations of the county's more than 3,000 employees.[79]
As of 2025[update], Monmouth County's Commissioners are (with terms for Chair and Vice-Chair ending every December 31):[80][81][82][83][84]
The Republican Party had held all five Commissioner seats until 2006, but after the 2006 and 2008 elections, Democrats controlled the Board by a 3–2 margin. The Board swung back in favor of the Republicans after the 2009 election when Republican John Curley beat Democrat Sean Byrnes. Both were running to succeed former Commissioner Director Barbara McMorrow, a Democrat, who had chosen not to seek re-election. In 2010, former mayor of Neptune City, Thomas Arnone (R), and incumbent Commissioner Robert Clifton (R) won seats giving Republicans control of the Board of County Commissioners by a 4–1 margin. The board has been all Republican since 2011.[90]
Pursuant to Article VII Section II of theNew Jersey State Constitution, each county in New Jersey is required to have three elected administrative officials known as "constitutional officers." These officers are theCounty Clerk andCounty Surrogate (both elected for five-year terms of office) and theCounty Sheriff (elected for a three-year term).[91] Monmouth county's constitutional officers are:
Raymond Santiago of Freehold Township is the Monmouth County Prosecutor, having been formally nominated to the position byGovernor of New JerseyPhil Murphy in September 2022.[98] Monmouth County constitutes Vicinage 9 of theNew Jersey Superior Court and is seated at the Monmouth County Courthouse inFreehold Borough, with additional facilities in Freehold andOcean Township; the Assignment Judge for Vicinage 9 is Lisa P. Thornton.[99]
Monmouth County is covered by 53 different fire departments, which contain 135 individual fire companies and over 7,000 volunteer firefighters, who are all represented by the Monmouth County Firemen's Association.[107]
The Monmouth County Fire Marshal's Office is responsible for training all of the firefighters through the Monmouth County Fire Academy, as well as investigating any fires which may be deemed suspicious and/or involving a fatality. The Monmouth Countyfire marshal, currently Fred Migliaccio, and his staff – including assistant fire marshals and academy staff – are appointed by the County Board of Commissioners.[108]
Except for the fully professionalAsbury Park Fire Department and the US Navy Fire Department at NWS Earle, the remainder of the municipalities in the county have volunteer orcombination fire departments.[109] The largest volunteer department is inMiddletown Township with 11 stations and 350 active members, special services, air and fire police units, in addition to operating its own training facility.[110]
In terms of hazardous material (HazMat) emergencies, very few towns have special units to respond to these types of emergencies.Fort Monmouth responded to most HazMat cases prior to the closing of the base.Naval Weapons Station Earle is also available for HazMat incidents. Hazardous materials incidents are currently managed by Monmouth County Hazmat as the lead agency with a joint cooperative team composed of Neptune Township OEM, Southard (Howell) Fire Company and Middletown Fire Department Special Services.
The oldest fire department in the county in continuous operation is the Hope Fire Company in Allentown, organized in 1856.[citation needed] The newest fire department, Holmdel Fire Co. No. 2 was established in 2006.[citation needed] Monmouth County utilizes amutual aid system, in which surrounding municipalities are available to send their resources to incidents where extra help or expertise is needed.[111]
Politics
Presidential election results
United States presidential election results for Monmouth County, New Jersey[112]
Monmouth County has generally leanedRepublican by small margins in federal, state, and local races, though registeredRepublicans only outnumber registeredDemocrats by 2.5%. All of its County Commissioners and constitutional officers are Republicans, and only one district in the county is entirely represented by Democrats in the state legislature. In2020, Joe Biden came closer to winning the county than any Democrat sinceAl Gore in2000 andBill Clinton in1996, the only two Democratic presidential candidates to have won it since1964, whenLyndon B. Johnson won a national landslide and carried every county in New Jersey. However, in 2024,Donald Trump won the county with the best Republican percentage since 1988. As of September 1, 2023, there were a total of 492,307 registered voters in Monmouth County, of whom 140,562 (28.6%) were registered as Democrats, 153,139 (31.1%) were registered asRepublicans, and 192,859 (39.2%) were registered asUnaffiliated. There were 5,747 (1.2%) voters registered to other parties.[113] Among the county's 2010 Census population, 89% of residents of age 18 and over were registered to vote.[114]
United States Senate election results for Monmouth County, New Jersey1[115]
In 2015, the county had aper capita personal income of $69,410, the fifth-highest in New Jersey and ranked 74th of 3,113 counties in the United States.[119][120] Monmouth County ranked 38th among thehighest-income counties in the United States as of 2011, placing it among the top 1.2% of counties by wealth.[121] As of 2009, it was ranked 56th in the United States by personal per-capita income.[122]
Hurricane Sandy in 2012 devastated much of the northern part of theJersey Shore, particularly in Monmouth County. This necessitated the demolition and rebuilding of entire neighborhoods. Some were rebuilt to a higher economic level; this process ofclimate gentrification is rapidly escalating property values and transforming many communities along the Shore. Many houses have becomevacation homes for theNew York financial community, akin to shoreline communities onLong Island like theGold Coast andThe Hamptons.[124]
Two River Theater - A professional, not-for-profit, regional theater company producing plays and educational programs. The company received "Theatre of the Year" awards from the New Jersey Theatre Alliance in 2006, and fromThe Star-Ledger in both 2006 and 2008. At the July 2009 meeting of theNew Jersey State Council on the Arts, Two River Theater was designated as a Major Impact Organization.
Monmouth County Historical Association – Established in 1898 by a group of county residents headed by professional educatorCaroline Gallup Reed, it was soon incorporated in order “to discover, procure, preserve and perpetuate whatever relates to the history of Monmouth County.” The headquarters are located inFreehold Borough in a brick Georgian-style building designed by architect J. Hallam Conover.
Monmouth Battlefield State Park — Located inFreehold Township andManalapan Township, the park preserves a rural eighteenth-century landscape of orchards, fields, woods and wetlands, encompassing miles of trails for hiking and horseback riding, space for picnic areas, and four restored Revolutionary Warfarmhouses that were associated with the American Revolutionary War'sBattle of Monmouth, including theCraig House, the Cobb House, theSutfin House, and theRhea-Applegate House. The park includes a visitor center with replicas of eighteenth-century canons and other exhibits.
Fort Hancock served as part of the harbor's coastal defense system from 1895 until 1974 and contains 100 historic buildings and fortifications.[136]
Sandy Hook contains seven beaches, includingGunnison Beach, anude beach by custom, as well as salt marshes and a maritime holly forest. Ferries fromManhattan are available in season. Fishing and using hand-launched vessels are popular here.
Monmouth County Courthouse – In front of the courthouse, is a park at the center of town which hosts a 90-foot (27 m) tall monument to the Battle of Monmouth at its center.
Ocean Grove Camp Meeting Association District - An association founded in 1869 by a group ofMethodist clergymen, led by William B. Osborn and Ellwood H. Stokes. Its mission is to "provide opportunities for spiritual birth, growth, and renewal in a Christian seaside setting."[137] It was to operate as a summer camp meeting site on the New Jersey seashore.[138] By the early 20th century, the popular Christian meeting ground became known as the "Queen of Religious Resorts."[139] The community's land is still owned by the camp meeting association and leased to individual homeowners and businesses. Ocean Grove remains the longest-active camp meeting site in the United States.[140]
Seabrook–Wilson House – Nicknamed the"Spy House" by local residents, the house was built in 1663 in the town ofPort Monmouth, a part ofMiddletown Township, making it the oldest structure in Monmouth County and one of the oldest in the state. The house's architecture was emblematic of the earlyEnglish influence in the county. For most of its history, the farm on Sandy Hook Bay was home to generations of two prominent Port Monmouth families, the Seabrooks and the Wilsons. Ship owners and captains, a Revolutionary War militia officer, local business owners and investors, and a clergyman were part of these notable families, many of whom served in local government positions.
Allaire State Park - Historic park, known for its restored 19th centuryironworks,Allaire Village, which is aliving history museum on the park premises. It was a prosperous industrial town producingpig iron andcast iron from the surroundingbog iron deposits. The buildings which remain and have been restored today include ageneral store,blacksmith shop,carpenter's shop, manager's house, foreman's house and achurch. One of the workers'row house buildings has been recreated and now houses a visitor center, museum, and reenactments of nineteenth-century life in this bustlingmill town.[142] The historic village is run by a non-profit organization independent of the park and charges a nominal fee to enter the buildings.[143] It is named afterJames P. Allaire, founder of theHowell Works at the same site.[142] The park also hosts the Pine Creek Railroad, a tourist railroad.
Holmdel Park - Located inHolmdel Township, this massive park is part of theMonmouth County Park System. The initial park land was established in 1962, with an additional 227 acres (92 ha) section added in 2001. The park's recreational offerings include fishing (with permit),[144] individual and group picnic areas, tennis courts, playgrounds and 10 miles of hiking trails. Ice skating and sledding are permitted when conditions are deemed safe.[145] The park contains four distinct visitor areas, each with its own parking; three are accessed via the main park entrance while the fourth is located at the activity center further north on Longstreet Road. The park also features:
Holmdel Arboretum - Also known as theDavid C. Shaw Arboretum, which contains nearly 3,000 trees and shrubs, representing hundreds of species, cultivars, and varieties, including the Jane Kluis Memorial DwarfConifer Garden, a collection of true cedars (Cedrus) in honor of David Rossheim, and a variety of other plantings such asweeping Atlas cedar,cherry trees,Amur cork tree, among many others. A map at the entrance identifies the major plant collections.
Index map of Monmouth County municipalities (click to see index key)
Interactive map of municipalities in Monmouth County.
The 53 municipalities in Monmouth County (with 2010 Census data for housing units and area in square miles, as well as 2018 estimates for population) are listed below.[152][153] Other,unincorporated communities in the county are listed next to their parent municipality. Many of these areas arecensus-designated places (labeled as CDPs) that have been created by theUnited States Census Bureau for enumeration purposes within atownship, with the 2010 Census population listed. Other communities and enclaves that exist within a municipality are also listed.
The Monmouth County Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals is an animal welfare organization inEatontown providing animal sheltering and cruelty investigation services to Monmouth County, New Jersey. It was founded in 1945 to care for the community's homeless, neglected, and abused animals. It is a government agency, not-for-profit 501(c)3 organization. The organization remains open-admission for communities it serves, taking owner surrenders by appointment and also offers animals for adoption. Many of the animals that are up for adoption come from all over the United States.[159][160] Its Humane Law Enforcement Division investigates more than 900 animal cruelty complaints every year, and accepts anonymous calls. The SPCA also provides dog obedience training, a spay/neutering clinic, and pet bereavement counseling.[161][162]
Transportation
Roads and highways
Route 33 Business approaching a major intersection with Route 9 and CR 24 (Manaplan Avenue) inFreehold Township
As of May 2010[update], the county had a total of 3,354.67 miles (5,398.82 km) of roadways, of which 2,762.31 miles (4,445.51 km) are maintained by the local municipality, 360.42 miles (580.04 km) by Monmouth County and 204.89 miles (329.74 km) by theNew Jersey Department of Transportation and 27.05 miles (43.53 km) by theNew Jersey Turnpike Authority.[163]
Monmouth County is served by several major roadways including:[164]
Interstate 195 (Only interstate to pass through the county)
TheGarden State Parkway extends 26.5 miles (42.6 km) fromBrick Township in Ocean County in the south to Old Bridge in Middlesex County to the north. The parkway's Judy Blume Service Area is located at milepost 100, between exits 98 and 100.
There are also many other major county routes passing through the county, including:
^Jill P. Capuzzo (June 16, 2017)."Not Your Mother's Jersey Shore".The New York Times. RetrievedSeptember 17, 2017.Five years after Hurricane Sandy destroyed communities along the shore, some towns have used the rebuilding process as a time to reinvent themselves.
^Penzias and Wilson discover cosmic microwave radiation - 1965Archived August 10, 2017, at theWayback MachinePBS. Accessed February 3, 2024. "Bell Labs built a giant antenna in Holmdel, New Jersey, in 1960. It was part of a very early satellite transmission system called Echo.... Since Penzias, Wilson, and Dicke's work, all that has changed. The measurement of cosmic background radiation (as the Holmdel telescope's noise is now called), combined with Edwin Hubble's much earlier finding that the galaxies are rushing away, makes a strong case for the big bang. By the mid 1970s, astronomers called it 'the standard model.' Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson received the Nobel Prize in physics in 1978."
^Lippincott III, Bertram."The Rhode Island Settlers of Monmouth County, New Jersey",Newport History, Vol. 71 : Issue 247, Article 3. Accessed March 18, 2022. "However, in 1664, about eighty first and second generation Rhode Island settlers were responsible for the establishment and growth of Monmouth County in the Province of East Jersey. The reasons for the settlement of Monmouth County by Rhode Islanders are tied to the mobility of its early settlers and their persistent desire to seek land, opportunity, and freedom of worship."
^Capuzzo, Jill P."British Beware: Monmouth Redux"Archived April 14, 2016, at theWayback Machine,The New York Times, May 18, 2003. Accessed April 9, 2012. "The largest land artillery battle of the Revolutionary War, the Battle of Monmouth marked a significant turning point in the colonies' fight against the British crown."
^New Jersey: A History of the Garden State edited by Maxine N. Lurie, Richard F. Veit page 131
^Forstall, Richard L. Population of states and counties of the United States: 1790 to 1990 from the Twenty-one Decennial Censuses, pp. 108-109. United States Census Bureau, March 1996.ISBN9780934213486. Accessed October 7, 2013.
^Staff."Holmdel by the numbers",Asbury Park Press, October 21, 1999. Accessed October 1, 2013. "391: Number of feet above sea level at Crawford Hill, the highest point in Monmouth County"
^Freedman, Andrew."32-Foot-Plus Waves From Hurricane Sandy Topple Records"Archived December 25, 2015, at theWayback Machine, Climate Central, November 14, 2012. Accessed October 7, 2013. "The harbor entrance buoy recorded a significant wave height of 32.5 feet at 8:50 pm on Oct. 29, beating the previous record set during Hurricane Irene by 6.5 feet!... Sandy Hook, N.J., which is a spit of land that juts into the Atlantic pointing toward New York City from the extreme northeastern part of the state, also saw record coastal flooding during Sandy. The water level there rose to 13.31 feet above the average low tide level before the gauge malfunctioned."
^Members List: Surrogates, Constitutional Officers Association of New Jersey. Accessed July 19, 2022.
^"Governor Murphy Nominates Raymond Santiago as Monmouth County Prosecutor",Governor of New JerseyPhil Murphy, September 22, 2022. Accessed March 9, 2025. "Governor Phil Murphy today nominated Raymond Santiago to serve as Monmouth County Prosecutor. Santiago’s nomination will be submitted to the Senate for confirmation, and he will assume the role of Acting Prosecutor on Friday, October 7.... Santiago resides in Freehold, and has lived and worked in Monmouth County for over 20 years."
^Biography, Congressman Frank Pallone Jr. Accessed January 3, 2019. "Frank Pallone, Jr., was born in Long Branch, New Jersey, where he grew up and still resides."
^Kaplan, Dan."Wall's Glendola company hires fireman, a first", copy of article fromAsbury Park Press, September 1, 2005, at Firehouse.com. Accessed September 1, 2005. "Asbury Park's fire department is Monmouth County's only fully paid one. With 42 members, the department carries an annual budget of about $3.7 million and responds to about 6,100 annual calls, Assistant City Manager James Famularo said. While the tax burden in Asbury Park is greater than that in towns with volunteer squads, the city needs a full-time presence, Battalion Chief Kevin Keddy said. The Fire Department also includes the city's emergency medical technicians."
^[lwd.dol.state.nj.us/labor/lpa/industry/incpov/highcnty.xls 250 Highest Per Capita Personal Incomes available for 3113 counties in the United States: 2015],New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed October 24, 2017.
^Jill P. Capuzzo (June 16, 2017)."Not Your Mother's Jersey Shore".The New York Times. RetrievedSeptember 25, 2021.Five years after Hurricane Sandy destroyed communities along the shore, some towns have used the rebuilding process as a time to reinvent themselves.
^About Us,Monmouth County Jewish Heritage Museum. Accessed August 18, 2022. "Situated midway between New York City and Philadelphia, Monmouth County attracted Jewish settlers as early as 1720."
^Page, Tim."'Summerfare' Offers Choir Festival",The New York Times, July 30, 1986. Accessed June 30, 2015. "Ocean Grove, about six miles south of Long Branch, was founded in 1869 as a Methodist camp meeting ground; by the early 20th century it had been dubbed the 'Queen of Religious Resorts.'"
^Home page, Ocean Grove Camp Meeting Association. Accessed November 6, 2007.
^(2006) The Year in Review, The Long Branch Historical Museum Association, Page 1.
^"Historic N.J. racetrack is shutting down", NJ Advance Media forNJ.com, September 19, 2024. Accessed September 27, 2024. "Freehold Raceway — the oldest operating racetrack in the country — is ceasing all live racing and simulcast operations at the end of the year, racetrack officials announced Thursday. The last day at the horse-racing track in Monmouth County will be Dec. 28. "Freehold Raceway — the oldest operating racetrack in the country — is ceasing all live racing and simulcast operations at the end of the year, racetrack officials announced Thursday. The last day at the horse-racing track in Monmouth County will be Dec. 28."
^Epstein, Sue."Middlesex and Monmouth merge medical examiner's services"Archived February 2, 2018, at theWayback Machine, NJ Advance Media forNJ.com, February 23, 2016. Accessed February 18, 2018. "Starting April 1, Middlesex and Monmouth counties will be merging all medical examiner operations at Middlesex County's facilities in North Brunswick. The new agreement, approved by the freeholder boards of both counties earlier this month, runs for 10 years, according to a statement released Monday by Middlesex County Freeholder Director Ronald Rios."
Graham Russell Hodges,Slavery and Freedom in the Rural North: African Americans in Monmouth County, New Jersey, 1665-1865 Madison, WI: Madison House, 1997
Charles A. Philhower,Indians of Monmouth County, New Jersey. (1924) Morristown, NJ: Digital Antiquaria, 2006.
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