| Monastery of St. Theodosius | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Monastery of St. Theodosius | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem |
| Location | |
| Location | al-Ubeidiya,West Bank,Palestine |
 Interactive map of Monastery of St. Theodosius | |
| Palestine grid | 1768/1254 |
| Coordinates | 31°43′16″N35°16′58″E / 31.72111°N 35.28278°E /31.72111; 35.28278 |
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TheMonastery of St. Theodosius, also known asDeir Dosi andDeir Ibn Ubeid in Arabic,[1] is a monastery founded around 476 by SaintTheodosius the Cenobiarch and that since at least the 12th century contains his (today empty) tomb. It is located within the village ofal-Ubeidiya, some 8 kilometres east ofBethlehem, on the road towardsMar Saba (St Sabbas) Monastery, in theWest Bank,Palestine.
A church of theTheotokos was built bySophronius between 529 and 543, whose remains have been obliterated by the construction of the modern church.[2]
The Byzantine monastery was destroyed in the first half of 7th century, during thePersian andMuslim conquests.[1]
Ancient sources describe an attack by Arab troops on the monastery in 789, with churches being destroyed and monks being killed.[3] This event is described as part of a series of such attacks against monasteries in Jerusalem and the Judean desert at the end of the 8th and beginning of the 9th century. Still, archaeology tends to paint a picture of peaceful abandonment, rather than destruction brought about by man or nature.[3]
The monastery was rebuilt during theCrusader period.[1]
Between 1113 and 1115 CEAbbot Daniel visited and noted: "Sixversts from Jerusalem is the convent of St. Theodosius; it is located on a mountain; walls surround it. We see there, at the top of the mountain, in the enclosure of the convent, a cave which once served as a shelter for the night to theMagi, when they fled fromHerod. This is where the relics ofSaint Theodosius and several other holy fathers now rest, as well as those of his mother and the mother ofSaint Saba."[4]
The monastery survived and flourished well into the 14th century, but by 1400 it lay again in ruins.[5] The Russian pilgrimAgrefeny described it as in ruins when he passed it around 1370.[6] Two 15th-century pilgrims describe it as first used by Muslims for stalling cattle, and later as ruined.[5]
In 1863,Victor Guérin visited the place, which he calledDeir Dôsi, and noted:
The remains of the monastery of St. Theodosius consist of vaults and sections of walls built with stones of different sizes, some of which appear to come from ancient buildings. The location of two churches is very recognizable. One, which has now been converted into an area ["aire" in French; flat surface?], was paved with large mosaic cubes, as evidenced by numerous samples still scattered on the ground. This edifice is, moreover, almost entirely razed to the ground. Rectangular in shape, it faced west to east.[7]
Of the other site he noted:
The second church, also shattered from top to bottom, has nonetheless suffered far less destruction than the other. It contained a crypt now half buried under piles of rubble. This crypt, if we are to believe a very ancient tradition, would have been originally a natural cave where theMagi supposedly took shelter, when, after having adored the infant Jesus in Bethlehem, they returned by another route to their country.[8]
The site of the old monastery was prepared for reconstruction by the Greek monks of theJerusalem Church in 1898[9] and the compound was gradually rebuilt during the 20th century.[9][1]
In 1898Conrad Schick noted that "the ruins are [..] those [..] of a former convent, and only in modern times used as a storehouse for grain by the wandering tribe Ubedieh. Now it seems the Greek convent in Jerusalem had some rights of property in this place, and, having made an agreement with the Arabs to quit it, took possession of it last year. They began to remove thedébris, and so laid bare the remaining walls, &c., and have begun to build it up again. The laying of the foundation stone, or a kind of resanctifying of the place, was celebrated in a grand manner and before a crowd of people. [..] The monastery will be restored, and again become a station for pilgrims visitingMar Saba..."[9]
A cave on the monastery grounds is, according to tradition, the place where thethree Magi took shelter during the first night after delivering their gifts to the newbornBaby Jesus, after an angel had appeared to them and ordered them to return home without reporting Jesus' location to KingHerod. ThisCave of the Magi is calledMetopa in Greek.[10]
The cave was used during the Byzantine period as a cemetery. Important monastic figures of Palestine buried here include several saints, such asJohn Moschus, buried here bySophronius of Jerusalem; Saint Sophia, the mother of SaintSabbas the Sanctified; Saint Theodota, the mother of the Holy UnmercenariesCosmas and Damian, etc.[11]
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