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Monash University (/ˈmɒnæʃ/) is apublicresearch university based inMelbourne,Victoria, Australia. Named afterWorld War I general SirJohn Monash, it was founded in 1958 and is the second oldest university in the state. The university has a number of campuses, four of which are in Victoria (Clayton,Caulfield,Peninsula, andParkville), one inMalaysia and another one inIndonesia. Monash also ownsland (3.6 hectares) inNotting Hill, opposite its Clayton campus.[15] Monash has a research and teaching centre inPrato, Italy, a graduate research school inMumbai, India and graduate schools inSuzhou, China andTangerang, Indonesia. Courses are also delivered at other locations, including South Africa.
Established by anAct of Parliament in 1958, the original campus was in the suburb of Clayton where the university was granted an expansive site of 100 hectares of open land.[20] The 100 hectares of land consisted of farmland and included the former Talbot Epileptic Colony.[21] TheTudor-stylefarmhouse built by the O'Shea family became the originalVice-Chancellor's House - now University House.[22][23][24][25]
From its first intake of 357 students at Clayton on 13 March 1961, the university grew rapidly in size and student numbers so that by 1967 its all-times enrolment reached 21,000 students.[26] In its early years, it offered undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in engineering, medicine, science, arts, economics, politics, education, and law. It was a major provider for international student places under theColombo Plan, which saw the first Asian students enter the Australian education system.
The university was named after the prominent Australian general SirJohn Monash.[27] This was the first time in Australia that a university had been named after a person, rather than a city or state.[28]
From the mid-1960s to the early 1970s, Monash became the centre ofstudent radicalism in Australia.[29][30] It was the site of many mass student demonstrations, particularly concerning Australia's role in theVietnam War andconscription.[31] By the late 1960s, several student organisations, some of which were influenced by or supporters ofcommunism, turned their focus to Vietnam, with numerous blockades and sit-ins.[32] In one extraordinary event that came to be known as the Monash Siege, students forced then Prime MinisterMalcolm Fraser to hide in a basement at the Alexander Theatre, in a major protest over theWhitlam dismissal.[33]
In the late 1970s and 1980s, some of Monash's most publicised research came through its pioneering ofin-vitro fertilisation (IVF). Led byCarl Wood andAlan Trounson, the Monash IVF Program achieved the world's first clinical IVF pregnancy in 1973.[34] In 1980, they delivered the first IVF baby in Australia.[35] This eventually became a massive source of revenue for the university at a time when university funding in Australia was beginning to slow down.
In the late 1980s, theDawkins Reforms changed the landscape of higher education in Australia. Under the leadership of Vice-ChancellorMal Logan, Monash transformed dramatically. In 1988, Monash University had only one campus inClayton, with around 15,000 students.[36] Just over a decade later, it had 8 campuses (including 2 overseas), a European research and teaching centre, and more than 50,000 students, making it the largest and most internationalised Australian university.[37]
Expansion of the university began in 1990 with a series of mergers between Monash, the Chisholm Institute of Technology, and the Gippsland Institute of Advanced Education. In 1991 a merger with the Victorian College of Pharmacy created a new faculty of the university. This continued in 1994, with the establishment of theBerwick campus.[38]
In 1998, the university opened theMalaysia campus, its first overseas campus and the first foreign university inMalaysia. In 2001,Monash South Africa opened its doors in Roodepoort, Johannesburg, making Monash the first foreign university in South Africa. The same year, the university secured an 18th-century Tuscan palace to open a research and teaching centre inPrato, Italy.
At the same time, Australian universities faced unprecedented demand for international student places, which Monash met on a larger scale than most. The increase in international students, combined with the university's expansion, meant that Monash's income greatly increased throughout the 1990s, and it is now[when?] one of Australia's top 200 exporters.[39]
The Biomedical Learning and Teaching Building at Clayton CampusThe Learning and Teaching Building at Clayton CampusThe Green Chemical Futures Building at Clayton Campus
In recent years, the university has been prominent in medical research. A highlight of this came in 2000, whenAlan Trounson led the team of scientists which announced to the world that nerve stem cells could be derived from embryonic stem cells, a discovery which led to a dramatic increase in interest in the potential ofstem cells.[40] It has also led to Monash being ranked in the top 20 universities in the world for biomedicine.[41]
On 21 October 2002,Huan Yun "Allen" Xiang, shot two people dead and injured five others on the Clayton campus.[42]
Since December 2011, Monash has had a global alliance with theUniversity of Warwick in the United Kingdom.[43]
In 2014, the university ceded itsGippsland campus toFederation University.[44] On 15 July 2016, Monash confirmed that Federation University Australia would take over the operations of the Berwick campus prior to the end of 2018.[45]
In 2019, the university sold itsMonash South Africa campus toAdvtech. Students who were on schedule to complete their degree on time would still receive a degree from Monash University after the sale. The reason for the sale was reported to be low profitability and low enrolment numbers.[46] Prior to the sale, Monash University had sidelined the South African campus on its official websites and did not refer to it as a 'campus' unlike Monash Malaysia.
Monash announced its second Southeast Asian expansion in Indonesia as it officially obtained its operational license from theMinistry of Education and Culture on 1 December 2020. The university plans to open its campus doors in October 2021, located inBSD City, Tangerang, Banten. Unlike Monash Malaysia, Monash Indonesia will focus on graduate studies including hosting the Institute for Advanced Research, supported by the Indonesian Scholarship and Research Support Foundation.[47][48][49][50]
TheClayton campus covers an area over 1.1 km2 and is the largest of the Monash campuses. Clayton is the flagship campus for Monash, demanding higher ATAR (Australian Tertiary Admission Rank) scores than all the other campuses, with the exception of Parkville. Clayton is home to the faculties of Arts, Business & Economics, Education, Engineering, Information Technology, Law, Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, and Science. The Clayton campus has its own suburb and postcode (3800).
Various major scientific research facilities are located on or adjacent to the campus. Chief among these are theAustralian Synchrotron[51] andCSIRO.
The campus is also home to numerous restaurants and retail outlets, as well as student bars: Sir John's (located in the Campus Centre) and the Notting Hill Hotel (located down the street, founded in 1891),[52] both of which are hubs of social life on the campus.[53]
Sir Louis Matheson Library at the Clayton Campus
The campus is also home to a number of halls of residence, colleges and other on-campus accommodations that house several thousand students. Sixhalls of residence are located at theClayton campus inClayton, Victoria. There is an additional private residential college affiliated with the university. The Clayton campus contains theRobert Blackwood Hall, named after the university's founding chancellor SirRobert Blackwood and designed by SirRoy Grounds.[54]
The Caulfield campus is Monash University's second-largest. Its multifaceted nature is reflected in the range of programs it offers through the faculties of Arts, Art Design & Architecture (MADA), Business & Economics, and Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences. A major building program has been announced to expand teaching facilities, provide student accommodation, and redevelop the shopping centre.
Located inThe Alfred Hospital, Monash University's Alfred campus houses the Central Clinical School[55] and the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine,[56] which contains the Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine[57] and the Department of Forensic Medicine.[58]
TheParkville campus is located onRoyal Parade in the Melbourne suburb ofParkville, around 2 km north of theMelbourne CBD. The campus is home to the Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. The faculty specialises in pharmacy practice, pharmaceutical and formulation science, and medicinal chemistry. The campus also offers postgraduate degrees, including the Doctor of Philosophy and Master of Clinical Pharmacy.
ThePeninsula campus has a teaching and research focus on health and wellbeing, and is a hub of undergraduate and postgraduate studies in Nursing, Health Science, Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy and Psychology - and particularly in Emergency Health (Paramedic) courses.
The campus is located in the bayside suburb of Frankston on the edge of Melbourne.
The Peninsula campus also offers a range of courses including those from its historic roots with early childhood and primary education (during the 1960s and 1970s, the campus was the State Teachers' College), and Business & Economics (since the merger of the State Teachers' College with the Caulfield Institute of Technology to create the Chisholm Institute of Technology in 1982). The campus was also home to the Peninsula School of Information Technology, which in 2006 was wound back with Information Technology units previously offered being relocated to the Caulfield campus.
The centrally located Monash Law City Campus houses the postgraduate Faculty of Law. It provides teaching for the Monash Law Masters and JD programmes. This campus is well placed within Melbourne's legal precinct, allowing students to have easy access to the surrounding courts.
Monash University Malaysia campusThe city ofSuzhou where Southeast-Monash Joint Graduate School located
TheMonash University Malaysia campus opened in 1998 inBandar Sunway,Selangor, Malaysia. The Sunway campus offers various undergraduate degrees through its faculties of Arts and Social Sciences, Business, Engineering, Information Technology, Medicine and Health Sciences, Pharmacy and Science. It is currently home to over 8,489(2018)[59] students.The new purpose-built campus opened in 2007, providing a high-tech home for Monash in Malaysia. In addition to a wide range of undergraduate degrees, the campus also offers both postgraduate Masters and PhD programs. Its degrees in Medicine and Surgery are the first medical degrees outside Australia and New Zealand to be accredited by the Australian Medical Council.[60]
TheMonash University Prato Centre is located in the 18th-century palace, Palazzo Vaj, in the historic centre ofPrato, a city nearFlorence in Italy. Primarily, it hosts staff and students from Monash's other campuses for semesters in Law, Art Design & Architecture, History, Music, and Criminology as well as various international conferences. It was officially opened on 17 September 2001 as part of the university's vigorous internationalisation policy.[61]
TheIITB-Monash Research Academy opened in 2008 and is situated inMumbai, India.[62] It is a partnership between Monash and theIndian Institute of Technology Bombay. It aims to carry out high impact research in engineering and sciences, particularly clean energy, biotechnology and nanotechnology. Students undertake their research in both India and Australia, with supervisors from both Monash and IITB. Upon graduating, they receive a dual PhD from the two institutions.[63] In the month following its official opening, 36 joint projects had commenced, with a further several hundred planned.
In August 2015, Christopher Pyne, Australian Minister for Education and Training, officially opened the new Monash-IITB Research Academy Building in Mumbai, India.[64]
In 2012, it was announced that Monash had won a licence to develop a joint graduate school withSoutheast University (Nanjing) inSuzhou,Jiangsu Province.[65] TheSoutheast University-Monash University Joint Graduate School is the first Australian university, and the third foreign university, to win a licence to operate in China.[66] The school offers master's degrees and PhDs in science and engineering, with an initial cohort of 500 students, building up to 2000 in the years to come.[67]
The Monash University,Indonesia, opened its doors in October 2021, focusing on postgraduate programs offeringmaster's degree andPhDs. Currently the campus offers several Master's degree programs including:Data Science, Cybersecurity,Urban Design,Business Innovation, Public Policy & Management, Marketing & Digital Communications, Public Health, and Sustainability. The campus is located inBSD City,Tangerang,Banten.[68]
The campus plans to expand to undergraduate courses from July 2026, with bachelor degrees in design, digital business, andinformation technology.[69]
As part of the university's expansion in the 1990s, Monash took over the operations of the Gippsland Institute of Advanced Education in 1990.[citation needed]
The Gippsland campus provided courses viadistance education. However, between 2005 and 2010, many of these programs were transferred to city campuses, thus losing their appeal to regional areas.[citation needed] At its peak enrolment in 2007, the campus was home to 2,000 on-campus students, 5,000 off-campus students and nearly 400 staff.[citation needed] The campus was located in theLatrobe Valley town ofChurchill. Until 2014, it was the only non-metropolitan campus of Monash University.[citation needed]
The Gippsland campus had on-campus accommodation including the self-catering West House and East House.[70]
The formerBerwick campus of Monash University was built on the old Casey airfield in the south-eastern growth corridor of Victoria, Australia. With a presence in the area since 1994, the first Monash Berwick campus building was completed in 1996 and the third building in March 2004. It was situated on a 55-hectare site in theCity of Casey, then one of the three fastest growing municipalities in Australia. Monash announced the closure of this campus to staff and students on 7 March 2016. On 15 July 2016 it was announced thatFederation University Australia would take responsibility for the Berwick Campus from 2017 pending government approvals.[73] This officially commenced on 1 January 2018, as a campus ofFederation University Australia.
In August 2013, Monash University entered a partnership with Laureate International Universities to establish a campus in South Africa.[74][citation needed] This effort was short-lived, and Monash elected to transfer ownership of the campus to the Independent Institute of Education (IIE) South Africa in 2015. The transfer was concluded in 2019.[59]
Thevice-chancellor is the chief executive of the university, who is head of Monash's day-to-day activities. The vice-chancellor is also theuniversity president of Monash. (In North America and parts of Europe, the equivalent role is the president or principal.) Thechancellor is chair of the university council and provides advice to the vice-chancellor, as well as having ceremonial duties.[citation needed] Council is the governing body of the university, established by theMonash University Act 2009.[75]
Margaret Gardner was named as the vice-chancellor and president on 1 September 2014, the first woman to hold the position.[76] After Gardner was appointedGovernor of Victoria in 2023,Susan Elliott AM took over as interim VC, until the appointment ofSharon Pickering in February 2024, as 10th vice-chancellor and president of the university.[77]
Megan Clark AC was appointed chancellor in 2024.[78] Deputy Chancellors are Geraldine Johns-Putra, Peter Young AM KC, and John Simpson AM.[75]
Some of the university's notable research achievements include the world's first IVF pregnancy, the firstseatbelt legislation, the discovery of the anti-influenza drugRelenza (Zanamivir), the discovery that nervestem cells could be derived from embryonic stem cells,[86] and the development of a single-use oral anti-malaria drug.[87]
The Monash Sustainable Development Institute (MSDI) is an interdisciplinary research institute with a focus onsustainable development, that includes researchers from all 10 faculties of the university. As of 2024[update] it comprises more than 150 staff and PhD students, MSDI works with industry and government, civil society, and other academics, and uses the United NationsSustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a framework to guide its work.[88] MSDI has four centres focusing on specific capabilities:[89]
Working with Water is focused on solving issues relating to water use in urban environments, and access to safe water for all.[89]
TheClimateworks Centre, until March 2022 branded ClimateWorks Australia,[90] operates as an independentnot-for-profit within Monash, and focuses on climate transition in Australia,Southeast Asia, and thePacific region.[89] Its goal is to "bridge the gap between research and climate action".[91] It is headed by CEOAnna Skarbek,[92] who was appointed executive director at its inception. The centre won aEureka Prize, worthA$10,000, for its first project in 2010. The project was a "low-carbon growth plan to measure thecosts and benefits for business".[93]
BehaviourWorks Australia focuses on research that produces knowledge on how to facilitate change to address the SDGs. It conducts applied research intobehaviour change.[89]
The Food-Energy-Water Nexus is a collaboration between MSDI, Monash Food Innovation, and the Monash Energy Institute that supports interdisciplinary research in the areas of food production, energy, and water systems, looking to improve the sustainability of all three.[89]
Monash University Library currently operates several libraries at all of its campuses, spanning over three continents. The library has over 3.2 million items.
TheMonash University Museum of Art (MUMA), since 2010 based on the Caulfield Campus, is the result of an initiative started in 1961, when the inaugural Vice ChancellorLouis Matheson created a fund for the purchase of artworks by then living Australian artists. The establishment of the museum reflected a desire by the university's founders to create the modern Australian university, and to enrich the cultural life of students, staff and visitors.[94]
In 1975, the Monash University Gallery was created in the Menzies Building, moving in 1987 to the Multi-Discipline Centre (later called the Gallery Building).[94]
Known as the Faculty Gallery between 1999 and 2012,[citation needed] the MADA Gallery is a contemporary art gallery located at the university's Caulfield Campus. It is used as a teaching aid for the benefit of the students and staff from the faculty as well as the wider community, and is open to the public. The gallery exhibits solo and group shows by academic and professional staff, local, interstate and international artists and curators, and also hostsartist in residency programs.[98]
For international students starting in 2025, tuition fees range fromA$37,100 toA$92,900 per academic year for award programs lasting at least one year.[99][100] Domestic students[a] may be offered a federally-subsidised Commonwealth Supported Place (CSP) which substantially decreases the student contribution amount billed to the student.[102] The maximum student contribution amount limits that can be applied to CSP students are dependent on the field of study.[103]
The university also offers severalscholarships, which come in the form ofbursaries or tuition fee remission.[104]
In the 2024Aggregate Ranking of Top Universities, which measures aggregate performance across the QS, THE and ARWU rankings, the university attained a position of #50 (3rd nationally).[119]
The Australian Government's QILT[c] conducts national surveys documenting the student life cycle from enrolment through to employment.[126] These surveys place more emphasis on criteria such as student experience, graduate outcomes and employer satisfaction[126] than perceived reputation, research output and citation counts.[127]
In the 2023 Employer Satisfaction Survey, graduates of the university had an overall employer satisfaction rate of 83.9%.[128]
In the 2023 Graduate Outcomes Survey, graduates of the university had a full-time employment rate of 82% for undergraduates and 87.8% for postgraduates.[129] The initial full-time salary wasA$73,000 for undergraduates andA$91,000 for postgraduates.[129]
In the 2023 Student Experience Survey, undergraduates at the university rated the quality of their entire educational experience at 73.1% meanwhile postgraduates rated their overall education experience at 75.6%.[130]
Monash College provides students with an alternative point of entry to Monash University.[131] The institution offers pathway studies for students who endeavour to undertake studies at one of the Monash campuses. The college's specialised undergraduate diplomas provide an alternative entry point into more than 60 Monash Universitybachelor degrees, taught intensively in smaller classes and an environment overall similar to that offered by the university. The college offers programs in several countries throughout the world.[132]
Monash students are represented by student unions in individual campus organisations. Graduate students are represented by the university-wideMonash Graduate Association, while undergraduate students are represented by:
Monash Student Union Peninsula (MONSU Peninsula) –Peninsula Campus
Monash University Student Association (MUSA) –Malaysia campus
Monash students are also represented by academic associations and societies. These groups organise social events and represent student interests to the faculty among other goals.
Apart from the representative organisations, Monash has numerous other interest-based clubs and societies. Some notable student organisations include:
Sport at Monash University is overseen by Monash Sport, a department of the university which employs over 200 staff.[134] Currently, there are over 50 sporting clubs at the university.[135] TheMonash Blues, which competes in theVictorian Amateur Football Association (VAFA), plays its home games at Frearson Oval at the Clayton campus.
Each campus has a range of sporting facilities used by students and staff, including football, cricket, hockey, soccer, rugby and baseball fields; tennis, squash and badminton courts; gyms and swimming pools. The university also had an alpine lodge atMount Buller until the end of 2011.
Monash's sporting teams compete in a range of local and national competitions. Monash sends the largest number of students of any Australian university to theAustralian University Games, in which it was Overall Champion in 2008 and 2009.[136]
Monash Residential Services (MRS) is responsible for co-ordinating the operation of on-campushalls of residence.[137] MRS manages a variety of facilities on campus at Clayton and Peninsula:
Deakin Hall, Old DeakinFarrer HallHowitt HallMannix College
Mannix College, founded in 1969 and owned by the Catholic Church, was originally an all-male college administered by theDominican order. It is named afterDaniel Mannix (1864–1963), who was theCatholic Archbishop of Melbourne. Mannix is affiliated with the university, and located opposite the southern end of the Clayton campus.[138]
Marist College, founded by theMarist order, was established in November 1969 as a traditional all-male college, with an attachedseminary.[145] Marist College had closed by 1978, the university subsequently purchasing the college and naming it Normanby House.[146] Normanby House had closed its doors (demolished) by early 2025 to "make way" for theSuburban Rail Loop project.[147]
In 2013, Monash University introduced non-residential colleges.[further explanation needed] There are now eight colleges: Orion, Centaurus and Ursa (Clayton campus); Pegasus, Phoenix and Auriga (Caulfield campus); Aquila (Peninsula campus); and Lupa (Caulfield and Parkville campuses).[148]
There are 1,100 Monash graduates (or 8.33% of the total biographical listings) listed among the 13,200 biographies of Australia's most notable individuals in the 2008 edition ofWho's Who in Australia. Likewise, 10% of Australia's top 50 CEOs completed their undergraduate degree at Monash.[149]
^According to theHigher Education Support Act 2003, domestic students include permanent residents and New Zealand citizens in addition to Australian citizens.[101]
^Niall, B. (2007).The Boyds: A Family Biography. Melbourne Univ. Publishing. p. 171.ISBN9780522853841.Archived from the original on 21 August 2022. Retrieved12 November 2019....Talbot Colony was established on the farmland...
^"Our Living History - The First Family". Monash University.Archived from the original on 12 November 2019. Retrieved12 November 2019.The farmhouse built by the O'Shea family on the rise above Wellington Road was chosen for the vice-chancellor's residence. "
^Gregory, Alan."About the Trust". Sir Robert Menzies Lecture Trust. Archived fromthe original on 11 September 2009. Retrieved1 April 2010.
^Anns, Robyn (20 October 2005)."Those were the days".Monash Magazine. Monash University.Archived from the original on 16 March 2011. Retrieved1 April 2010.
^Marginson, Simon (25 February 2010)."Monash University".The Encyclopedia of Melbourne Online. School of Historical Studies.Archived from the original on 30 September 2009. Retrieved1 April 2010.
^"Professor I.auchlan Chipman to speak"(PDF).Sound. Monash University. 5 October 1989.(The John Henry Newman Lecture was inaugurated in 1981 to honor the memory of John Henry Cardinal Newman.)
^McMullen, Gabrielle (2009).In celebration of the student experience : the place of Mannix College : past, present and future. Mannix College. pp. [30].
^"Mannix College 2007 Newman Public Lecture". 2007. Retrieved17 January 2025 – viaIssuu.Program for 2007 lecture, in the form of a play,The Fox and the Hedgehog: John Monash and Daniel Mannix, Parallel Lives. Published online 24 July 2018.
^University Administration, Monash (1969)."Monash University Handbook"(PDF). Monash University. p. 11.Archived(PDF) from the original on 4 April 2015. Retrieved16 December 2014.
^"Monpix - Marist College". Monash University.Archived from the original on 28 November 2016. Retrieved28 November 2016.Notes: 24 March 1970; affiliated with Monash; purchased by univ in Feb 1978 and renamed Normanby House.