| Monach Isles SSSI | |
|---|---|
IUCN category IV (habitat/species management area) | |
.jpg) Ceann Iar, the most westerly of the three main Monach Islands | |
 Location of the Monach Islands | |
| Location | Outer Hebrides,Scotland |
| Coordinates | 57°31′N7°40′W / 57.517°N 7.667°W /57.517; -7.667 |
| Area | 598.1 ha (1,478 acres)[1] |
| Governing body | NatureScot |
TheMonach Islands, also known asHeisker (Scottish Gaelic:Eilean Heisgeir /Heisgeir,pronounced[(elan)ˈheʃkʲəɾʲ]ⓘ), are anisland group west ofNorth Uist in theOuter Hebrides ofScotland. The islands are not to be confused withHyskeir in theInner Hebrides, orHaskeir which is also off North Uist and visible from the group.
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The main islands ofCeann Ear (once home to anunnery),Ceann Iar andShivinish (Sibhinis) are all linked atlow tide. It has been claimed that it was at one time possible to walk all the way toBaleshare, and on toNorth Uist, five miles away at low tide. In the 17th century, a large tidal wave is said to have washed this route away.[2] The islands of the group tend to be low-lying and sandy, subject to intensecoastal erosion. Not unlike theIsles of Scilly it is possible thatCeann Iar, Shivinish andCeann Ear formed a single body of land within historic times, and that their land area has greatly decreased due to overgrazing, sea inundation, and wind erosion.
Smaller islands in the group include Deasker (Deas-Sgeir),Shillay (Siolaigh) andStocaigh (or Stockay).
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The islands have been uninhabited since 1942, but were populated by up to 100 people for centuries (possibly for a millennium or more) prior to 1810. They were originally abandoned due toovergrazing, but were resettled by 1841 in the wake of theHighland Clearances.[2][3]
The 19th century census records for the islands show a fluctuating population, from 39 people in 1841 up to 140 people at their peak population in 1891.[4][5]
Shillay is the location of Monach Lighthouse, built byDavid andThomas Stevenson in 1864. The lighthouse was closed in 1942 but, following the sinking of the oil tankerMVBraer in 1993, a new and much smaller lighthouse was built in 1997. This had a range of 10 nautical miles (19 kilometres); when a range of 18 nautical miles (33 kilometres) was deemed necessary, the new lighthouse was shut down in 2008 and the old lighthouse recommissioned with a new optic. Like all British lighthouses it is now unmanned and fully automated.[6]
In 2007 renovations of the old schoolhouse were completed, enabling visitors to stay on the island, and learn about its history and wildlife. The old Heisgeir mailboat has also been restored at theGrimsay boatshed. The 28 ft (8.5 m) motorised open wooden boat was built circa 1932 for the last family to leave the Monach Islands, and had lain unused atLochmaddy before being rescued by the local history society.[7]
Jacobite sympathiserJames Erskine, Lord Grange (1679–1754), had his wifeRachel kidnapped and abandoned on the Monach Isles between 1732 and 1734. At the time the islands were owned by Sir Alexander MacDonald ofSleat and she was housed with his tacksman (leaseholder), another Alexander MacDonald and his wife. When Lady Grange complained about her condition, she was told by her host that he had no orders to provide her either with clothes, or food other than the normal fare he and his wife were used to. She lived in isolation, not even being told the name of the island where she was living, and it took her some time to find out who her landlord was. She was there until June 1734 when John and Norman MacLeod from North Uist arrived to move her on. They told her they were taking her toOrkney,[8][9] but she was taken toHirta where she lived from 1734 to 1742 before being taken toSkye where she died after a failed rescue attempt.[10][11]
The islands are of special interest for undisturbedmachair and theirgrey seal population. About 10,000 seals come ashore each autumn to have their pups and mate, making it one of the largest such colonies in the world.[12] There are also a large number of nestingseabirds and a richflora.Grey herons nest in some of the abandoned buildings.[13] There are no trees on the islands.[citation needed]
The islands are designated as aSpecial Protection Area (SPA), aSpecial Area of Conservation (SAC), and aSite of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI).[14][1][15] TheInternational Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) classifies as the islands (via the SSSI designation) as meeting the criteria for aCategory IVprotected area.[16] The SAC designation extends to cover the seas surrounding the group,[15] and in 2014 a larger area of the sea surrounding the islands (in total 6,200 hectares or 18 square nautical miles) was declared aNature Conservation Marine Protected Area (NCMPA). The designation is in place to protect the feeding grounds of the islands' seabirds, as well as the marinegeomorphology of the seabed.[17] The Monach Islands were also formerly designated as aNational Nature Reserve,[18] but this designation was withdrawn in May 2018.[19]
| Historic Marine Protected Areas | |
|---|---|
| Nature Conservation MPAs |
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| Demonstration and Research MPA | |
