Amobility assistance dog ormobility service dog is a dog trained to assist aphysically disabled person who hasmobility issues, such as poor balance or being a non-ambulatory wheelchair user. Roles include "providing balance and stability"[1] picking up and carrying objects, pulling wheelchairs, opening and closing doors, and operating light switches.[2] Mobility assistance dogs can have significant positive impacts on the lives of their handlers.[3]
Some larger-statured dogs with sound joints are trained to pull individuals in wheelchairs, and wear a type ofharness specifically designed for pulling.[2] However, wheelchair pulling remains controversial. Many US programs limit "wheelchair pulling" to short straight distances, most commonly for assistance getting in and out of a crosswalk. One study has found that using the traction provided by the service dog has physical benefits because manual wheelchair users can operate their chairs with less effort.[4]
Another type of mobility assistance dog task is "counter-balance". They are used forParkinson's disease andmultiple sclerosis patients, along with other disorders and conditions. The handler does not put full weight on the dog. However, the dog can greatly assist a person with their gait and balance while walking.[5] It can also be helpful for those with symptoms ofproprioceptive sensory loss, such as an inability to walk in a straight line.[6] These dogs usually wear a special vest so that the owner can attach a cane-like handle. This allows the dog to guide the owner and assist with their balance.
Mobility assistance dogs are trained to perform specific, task-based actions that directly mitigate their handler's disability — and are protected under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).[7]
