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Amobile workstation, also known as adesktop replacement computer (DTR) orworkstation laptop, is apersonal computer that provides the full capabilities of aworkstation-classdesktop computer while remainingmobile. They are often larger, bulkierlaptops or in some cases2-in-1 PCs with atablet-like form factor and interface. Because of their increased size, this class of computer usually includes more powerful components and a larger display than generally used in smaller portable computers and can have a relatively limited battery capacity (or none at all). Some use a limited range of desktop components (DToM) to provide better performance at the expense of battery life. These are sometimes calleddesknotes, a blend of "desktop" and "notebook", though the term is also applied to desktop replacement computers in general.[1] Other names being monster notebooks or musclebooks in reference to muscle cars.[2][3]
The forerunners of the mobile workstation were theportable computers of the early to mid-1980s, such as thePortal R2E CCMC, theOsborne 1,[4]Kaypro II, theCompaq Portable[5] and theCommodoreExecutive 64 (SX-64) computers.[6] These computers contained theCPU,display,floppy disk drive andpower supply all in a single briefcase-like enclosure. Similar in performance to the desktop computers of the era, they were easily transported and came with an attached keyboard that doubled as a protective cover when not in use. They could be used wherever space and an electrical outlet were available, as they had no battery.
The development of thelaptop form factor gave new impetus to portable computer development. Many early laptops were feature-limited in the interest of portability, requiring such mobility-limiting accessories as external floppy drives or clip-ontrackball pointing devices. One of the first laptops that could be used as a standalone computer was theEUROCOM 2100 based on Intel's 8088 CPU architecture, it duplicated the functionality of the desktop models without requiring an externaldocking station.
The development of the modern mobile workstation came with the realization that many laptops were used in a semi-permanent location, often remaining connected to an external power source at all times. This suggested that a market existed for a laptop-style computer that would take advantage of the user's reduced need for portability, allowing for higher-performance components, greater expandability, and higher-quality displays. Mobile workstations are also often used with aport replicator, to full enjoy the desktop comfort.
Modern mobile workstations generally perform better than traditional laptop-style computers as their size allows the inclusion of more powerful components. The larger body means more efficient heat-dissipation, allowing manufacturers to use components that would otherwise overheat during normal use. Furthermore, their increased size allows for moremodularity, which allows for a greater expandability and features, as well as larger and brighter displays. However, these advantages generally come at a price premium, with many computers in this class costing as much as twodesktop computers with similar specifications.
Using a laptopform factor, however, mobile workstations still often suffer from limitations similar to those of more mobile laptops. They usually lack the ability to accept standardPCIe expansion cards, somewhat limiting their expandability. While mobile workstations can offer better cooling than other laptops, they rarely dissipate heat efficiently enough to allow for high-end desktop-class components, and thus may not reach the same performance levels asdesktop computers.
Mobile workstations computers are, with a few exceptions, difficult to upgrade compared to desktop computers, with many of their major components (such as the display) integral to the design of the machine, and others (such as theCPU andGPU) often being hard to access and replace.[7][8]A small segment of mobile workstations do not include a battery as a standard feature, while some do not includeExpressCard support. They have the same limitations on serviceability as laptops, and can rarely use identical components to a desktop computer.
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