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Inmusic recording,mix automation allows themixing console to remember the audio engineer's adjustment offaders during thepost-production editing process. Atimecode is necessary for the synchronization of automation. Modern mixing consoles anddigital audio workstations use comprehensive mix automation.

The need for mix automation originates from the 1970s and the changeover from studios mostly using eight-track tape machines to multiple, synchronized 24-track recorders. Mixing could be laborious and require up to four people, and the results could be almost impossible to reproduce. Manufacturers such asSolid State Logic andAMS Neve developed systems that enabled one engineer to oversee every detail of a complex mix, although the computers required to power these desks remained a rarity into the late 1970s.^[1]

According to record producerRoy Thomas Baker,Queen's 1975 single "Bohemian Rhapsody" was one of the first mixes to be done with automation.^[2]

Voltage Controlled Automation

fader levels are regulated byvoltage-controlled amplifiers (VCA). VCAs control the audio level and not the actual fader.

Moving Fader Automation

a motor is attached to the fader, which then can be controlled by theconsole,digital audio workstation (DAW), or user.

Software Controlled Automation

the software can be internal to the console, or external as part of a DAW. The virtual fader can be adjusted in the software by the user.

MIDI Automation

the communications protocolMIDI can be used to send messages to the console to control automation.

Auto Write

used the first time automation is created or when writing over existing automation

Auto Touch

writes automation data only while a fader is touched/faders return to any previously automated position after release

Auto Latch

starts writing automation data when a fader is touched/stays in position after release

Auto Read

digital Audio Workstation performs the written automation

Auto Off

automation is temporarily disabled

All of these include the mute button. If mute is pressed during writing of automation, the audio track will be muted during playback of that automation.Depending on software, other parameters such aspanning,sends, andplug-in controls can be automated as well. In some cases, automation can be written using adigital potentiometer instead of a fader.

• Collaborative real-time editor

• Stanley R. Alten.Audio in Media, sixth edition. Wadsworth, 2002.
• David Miles Huber and Robert Runstein.Modern Recording Techniques, sixth edition. Oxford: Focal Press, 2005.

Free open source Mix automation software

• Automation
• Audio mixing

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