Mitsubishi Mizushima
Mitsubishi Mizushima TM3C
Overview
Manufacturer	Mitsubishi
Production	1947–1962

TheMitsubishi Mizushima (Japanese: 三菱・みずしま) is the first of a series ofthree-wheeledcargo carriers made inJapan byMitsubishi between 1947 and 1962.^[1] A number of prototypes were built in 1946, leading to series production beginning in May 1947. Along with theSilver Pigeonscooter it represented the company's first contributions to the Japanesepost-war personal transport boom.^[2]

The Mizushima Aircraft works was originally established in September 1943 to build theMitsubishi G4M2 (504 examples) and later theN1K2-JShiden-Kai (7 planes completed). The factory was built on mostly virgin land, and the township of Mizushima,Kurashiki was established around the plant.^[3] The factory was heavily damaged in a 22 June 1945B-29 bombing raid and no more planes were produced.^[4] In November 1945, the Occupying Forces were petitioned to allow the company to be reorganized for peacetime activities, and Mizushima Engineering Works was born. Originally part ofMitsubishi Heavy Industries, thezaibatsu was broken up into three separate companies in January 1950, with Mizushima becoming part of Central Japan Heavy-Industries, Ltd. This company was renamed Shin-Mitsubishi Heavy Industries in May 1952, as the occupation ended and the Mitsubishi name was once again allowed to be used.^[5] The Mizushima factory changed name again in October 1960, becoming the "Mizushima Motor Works."^[6]

The Mizushima XTM-1 prototype was completed in 1946.^[7] The original production version (TM3A) appeared the following year and was a mechanically simple and rugged vehicle, with a 400 kg carrying capacity.^[8] Unlike most three-wheeled trucks in the market, however, the TM3A was equipped with a folding canvas covering and a windshield to protect the occupants.

Later models would be introduced offering greater load-bearing abilities and a wider variety ofbodystyles.^[8] The 1948–50TM3D model was built with a hardtop passenger cabin in response to customer demands, while the final development of the Mizushima line, the TM18Mitsubishi 1500 pickup introduced in 1955,^[9] could carry up to twotons in its cargo bed. The first models had air-cooled single-cylinder engines, but with the 1955TM7 a 1.3-liter OHV twin-cylinder engine with 36 PS (26 kW) appeared. This engine type diverged into a 1145 and a 1489 cc version in 1958, to help cover weight classes ranging from one to two tonnes (2,200 to 4,400 lb).

During the Mizushima's life approximately 91,000 were produced, before it was replaced by theMitsubishi Minicab and various other four-wheeled light- and medium-duty trucks in 1962.^[8][10]

The 1959Mitsubishi Leo, heavily influenced by the Mizushima, was a transition between the company's firstpost-war vehicles and theMitsubishi Minica, which represented the company's future in the 1960s. The Leo used a 309 cc air-cooled single-cylinder engine, theME20, producing 12.5 hp at 4,500 rpm. Payload was 300 kg (660 lb), top speed 65 km/h (40 mph).^[11]

Almost four decades later,Olivier Boulay would borrow heavily from the Leo for styling cues for his firstprototypes when he became Mitsubishi Motors' design chief in 2001.^[12]

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