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TheMisiones Orientales (lit. 'Eastern Missions') (orSiete Pueblos de las Misiones (Spanish pronunciation:[miˈsjonesoɾjenˈtales],Sete Povos das Missões (Portuguese pronunciation:[ˈsɛtʃiˈpɔvuzdɐzmiˈsõjs],lit. 'Seven Towns of the Missions') was a region in South America where a group of seven indigenous villages were founded by Spanish Jesuits in present-dayRio Grande do Sul, the southernmost State of Brazil.
The seven "missions" were:
Between 1609 and 1756, Misiones Orientales formed part of the JesuitReductions, together with present-dayMisiones Province in Argentina and the former Misiones Department in Paraguay (later subdivided intoMisiones andItapúa). This was a territory almost fully independent from Spanish and Portuguese rule, created and ruled byJesuit missionaries to the local Guaraní people.[1] It was famous for its resistance to enslavement and egalitarian laws based on the Bible.
The King of Spain was the nominal ruler of these lands and in theTreaty of Madrid (1750) he gave the eastern part of the Jesuit Reductions to Portugal. The seven Jesuit missions here were to be dismantled and relocated on the Spanish western side of theUruguay River.[2] TheGuarani people living there refused, which led to theGuarani War, won by Portugal and Spain.
The territory returned to Spain in 1777 in theFirst Treaty of San Ildefonso, but was definitively ceded to Portugal in theTreaty of Badajoz (1801).[2] It became part of Brazil when Brazil gained independence from Portugal in 1822.
26°42′00″S51°24′00″W / 26.700°S 51.400°W /-26.700; -51.400
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