Mirza for men and Mirzada for women are titles inherited by descendants of their mothers who hold the titleSharifah /Sayyidah /Habibah and their fathers who are notSyed /Sayyid /Sharif /Habib and do not have a title inherited from their father.
A Mirza can inherit the titles Mirza and Mirzada to subsequent descendants while a Mirzada cannot be inherited to subsequent descendants.
The original titleMīrzā orMerzāh is derived from the Persian termMīrzādeh which literally means 'child of the Mīr' or 'child of the ruler'.[1]Mīrzādeh in turn consists of the Arabic titleAmīr (English:Emir), meaning 'commander' and thePersiansuffix-zādeh (ـزاده, meaning 'son of' or 'lineage of').[1] Due tovowel harmony inTurkic languages, the alternative pronunciationMorza (pluralmorzalar; derived fromPersian) is also used.
Mirza first emerged during the 15th century as an appellative term for members of theTimurid dynasty, adopted in deference to their progenitor, the Central Asian conquerorTimur, who usedAmir as his principal title.[5][6] During the earlyTimurid period,Mirza preceded a prince's given name, therefore adhering to the Persian fashion, though subsequently the Turkish style was adopted, with the title instead being placed after.[7] This was continued by later rulers such as theAq Qoyunlus,Safavids,Ottomans andMughals.[5]
Originally restricted to only kings and princes,[8] the title eventually spread among other social groups, though only the former could have it placed after their given name.[9] During the 16th century, the Safavids conferred it upon high-rankingviziers such asMirza Shah Hossein andMirza Ata-Allah Isfahani.[5] By theQajar period, the title simply marked a person as a clerk or a literate man of consequence.[10] Writing in 1828,Frederic Shoberl records that "as a prefix to the name, it may be assumed by, or conferred on any person. It is right, however, to observe, that none but well-educated men, or such as follow respectable professions, or hold honourable posts, take the title ofMirza."[9]
The hereditary title of Mirza was adopted by the nobility class of theCircassians.Idar of Kabardia, also known as "Mirza Haydar Temruk Bey", was the great-grandson of Prince Inal – Sultan of Egypt the founder of the "Temruk dynasty" of the Kabardian princes, known in Russia as the "Cherkassky" a Circassian princely family.
Babur Mirza (born Mirza Zahiruddin), first emperor of Mughal Dynasty.[11]Meeting betweenBabur Mirza and Sultan Ali Mirza nearSamarqand (The Met Museum of Art NYC / Cleveland Museum of Art).Akbar Mirza (born Mirza Abu'l-Fath Jalal-ud-din Muhammad), one of the most popular Mughal Emperors of India, known as "Akbar the Great".Mirzas of the Mughal imperial family, c. 1878.[12]
The title Mirza was borne by an imperial prince. It was adopted as part of ones name, implying relationship to the Mongol dynasties like theMughal dynasty (the ImperialHouse of Timur).[13] In the traditional naming sequence of the Indian royal families, the title can be placed both before the name and after it, such as PrinceMirza Mughal or PrinceKamran Mirza. PrinceKhusrau Mirza was the grandson of EmperorAkbar (Akbar Mirza), son of EmperorJahangir and a brother of EmperorShah Jahan. EmperorAkbar Shah II was known as PrinceMirza Akbar before his coronation. EmperorBabur took the imperial title ofBadshah on 6 March 1508, before which he used the titleMirza.[14]
Originally being adversaries and opponents to the Mughal Emperors, the titleMirza was also adopted by theMuslim Rajputs of Northern India.[16] Many of the Rajput imperial families were descendants of ancient warriors, who strategically formed blood alliances withMughal aristocracy. The Rajputs were rulers ofprincely states comprising vast territories of Northern India, including thePunjab Region,Kashmir andRajasthan. Inter-marriage between Mughal aristocracy and Rajput aristocracy became very common and various factions of Rajput kingdoms embraced theIslamic faith, giving rise to the term "Muslim Rajputs".[17] Rajput rulers were also granted the titleMirza on account of being high-ranked commanders in the Mughal military.[18] The meaning ofMirza (Persian origin)[19] is identical to the meaning ofRajput (Sanskrit Origin).[20]
Mirza Khan of "Mirza & Sahiba", a tragic romance story, based on true events, which is enshrined inPunjabi literature and commonly told in thePunjab region. Mirza of "Mirza & Sahiba" was of KharalMuslim Jat tribe.
Muhammad Munawwar Mirza, a prominent scholar, historian, writer and intellectual from Pakistan.
Mirza Ahmed Beg, one of the originalPunjabi soldiers of the famed "Hodson's Horse" regiment of the British Indian Army, pictured in the historical 1858 photograph.[citation needed][circular reference] He was a descendant of Mirza Hakim Beg, after whom the Indian village Hakimpur, Gurdaspur District is named.
^Lord Lawrence and the Reconstruction of India Under The Crown by Sir Charles Aitcheson, K.C.S.I., M.A., LL.D.,Rulers of India series, Clarendon Press 1897, V p117
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