The Mirning's traditional lands covered, according toNorman Tindale, roughly 39,000 square miles (100,000 km2) of territory, reaching fromPoint Culver[a] eastwards across to White Well in South Australia. Their northern limit was generally the ecological line separating them from the beginning of thekarst plateau of theNullarbor Plain, though good rains would see them penetrating further north. InNorman Tindale's estimation their tribal territory encompassed roughly 39,000 square miles (100,000 km2).[1]
The Mirning were, according to measurements made of old people from a remnant of the tribe in 1939, relatively short in stature and practice rites ofcircumcision andsubincision.[1][b]
The Jirkala-mirning were first contacted by whites in 1872, when their numbers were estimated to be 30, consisting of 11 men, 8 women, 5 adolescents, and 6 children.[3] It was estimated by the first whites who settled in Wonunda-mirnung territory in 1877 that they numbered no more than 80 persons, 15 men, 15 women, 10 adolescents, and some 40 children.[4] Writing in 1931,A. P. Elkin stated: 'The Wanbiri-speaking tribe, referred to as the Yerkla-mining (that is, the men at Yerkla or Irgala) is now extinct.'[5]
Jirkala-mirning meaning the people ofJirkala (modern day Eucla),jirkala referring, according to Tindale,[c] to their habitat, which was a treeless plain whereSalsola tragus or buckbush thrived.[1]
Theirkinship system has four classes:-Būdera (root),Būdū (digger),Kūra (dingo) andWenŭng (wombat).[6][d]
Alfred William Howitt describes the tribe's marriage system as "very peculiar", in which two classes (Būdera andKūra) have a privileged position as follows:[6]
In December 2022 it was reported that the 30,000 year old artwork lining theKoonalda Cave atNullarbor, sacred to the Mirning, was severely damaged by vandals who wrote graffiti over part of the surface.[7]
In April 1994Julian Lennon proposed making adocumentary film with the provisional titleEyes of the Soul – Legends of Whales, Dolphins and Tribes, which would have touched on the Mirnung's cultural relationship towhales.[8][9]
A documentary calledWhaledreamers – the Gathering, which includes mention of the Mirning, was made in 2006.[10]
^Tindale states 'Port Culver' which appears to be an error or misprint, otherwise unattested, forMatthew Flinders's Point Culver. Tindale's coordinates for the area coincide with those of Point Culver according to the ('Point Culver (32°54'S., 124°42'E.'), and secondly Point Culver is given by W. Graham[2] (NGIA 2004, p. 158)
^"The Wonunda speak of the tribes to the north of them asKatabungata andMooroon, which last word means fat or stout, and of those to the west asKooraradee, or tall. The reason of this, no doubt, is that the country of the Wonunda Meening is little better than a waterless desert, and its inhabitants, in comparison with their neighbours, half-starved, spare in person, low in stature, who use weapons and implements of an inferior sort". (Graham 1886, p. 394)
^Williams however writes:'Euclsa, I learn, is a corruption of the aboriginal name of a favourite camping-place called Yircla or Yirgella, a term which signifiesmorning star, the morning star as it rises over the sandhills being a noticeable object, at the spot, as the Blacks say'. (Williams 1886, p. 400)
Graham, W. (1886)."Eyre's Sand Patch: Wonunda Meening Tribe"(PDF). InCurr, Edward Micklethwaite (ed.).The Australian race: its origin, languages, customs, place of landing in Australia and the routes by which it spread itself over the continent. Vol. 1. Melbourne: J. Ferres. pp. 394–299.
Williams, W. (1886)."Eucla: Yircla Meening Tribe"(PDF). InCurr, Edward Micklethwaite (ed.).The Australian race: its origin, languages, customs, place of landing in Australia and the routes by which it spread itself over the continent. Vol. 1. Melbourne: J. Ferres. pp. 400–407.
