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Ministry of the Interior (Spain)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Government ministry of Spain

Ministry of the Interior
Ministerio del Interior

The main headquarters
Agency overview
Formed19 March 1812; 213 years ago (1812-03-19) (as Secretariat of the Dispatch of the Governance of the Kingdom)
TypeMinistry
JurisdictionGovernment of Spain
HeadquartersPaseo de la Castellana, 5
Madrid
Employees178,376 (2019)[note 1][1][2]
Annual budget€ 11.4 billion, 2023[3]
Minister responsible
Agency executives
Child agencies
Websitewww.interior.gob.es

TheMinistry of the Interior (MIR) is adepartment of theGovernment of Spain responsible forpublic security, the protection of theconstitutional rights, the command of thelaw enforcement agencies,national security,immigration affairs,prisons,civil defense androad traffic safety. Through the Undersecretariat of the Interior and its superior body, the Directorate-General for Internal Policy, the Ministry is responsible for all actions related to ensuringpolitical pluralism and the proper functioning ofelectoral processes.[4]

The MIR is headed by the Minister for Home Affairs, who is appointed by theMonarch at request of thePrime Minister. The Minister is assisted by three main officials, theSecretary of State for Security, the Secretary-General for Penitentiary Institutions and the Under-Secretary of the Interior. Among the director generals, the most important are theDirector-General of the Police and theDirector-General of the Civil Guard.

This department has historically received numerous denominations such as Ministerio de la Gobernación (literally Ministry of the Governance), Ministerio de Orden Público (Ministry of Public Order) and Ministerio del Interior y Justicia (Ministry of the Interior and Justice) when both ministries joint in one.

As of 2022, central, regional and local governments in Spain spend around€26 billion per year (1.9% ofGDP) onsecurity andpublic order.[5]

History

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Early period

[edit]

The responsibilities of the Ministry of the Interior in earlier centuries were assumed by theRoyal Council of Castile (with the exception of the judicial ones). This body was composed of expert royal servants in charge of advising theSovereign and with the passage of the time these royal servants gained more power and autonomy and were the real governors of the Kingdom.

In the 18th century, the extinction of theHabsburg dynasty and the arrival of theBourbons brought profound institutional reforms. With KingPhilip V, this Council extended its jurisdiction to the territories of theCrown of Aragon and the whole country was ruled by the same institutions. Also during this time, the Councils started to lose importance and the Secretariats of State and of the Dispatch were created.

In 1621 the Secretariat of the Universal Dispatch was created, a unique government department where the sovereign delegated his power. With the new dynasty, it was necessary to divide it into several Secretariats of State that took care of the diverse administrative subjects: by means of the Decree of 11 July 1705,Philip V created a "Secretariat of State for War and Treasury" and another one for "Everything else".

But the accumulation of business and the need for a more agile body led to a system similar to that ofFrance: the Decree of 30 November 1714, established four Secretariats of the Dispatch: ofState, ofWar, of the Navy and of the Indies, and ofEcclesiastical business, justice and jurisdiction, and questions of a financial nature were made to lie in the General Treasury. With slight variations, the result of various reforms, this situation continued until the 1754-1755 biennium. With regard to the Secretariat of the Dispatch of Ecclesiastical Affairs, Justice and Jurisdiction, by Decree of 2 April 1717, it was renamed the Secretariat of the Dispatch of Justice, Political Government and Treasury of Spain and the Indies. It was commissioned to José Rodrigo. In the reform of 1720, it was named the Secretariat of the Dispatch of Justice and Political Government of Spain and the Indies.

Late period

[edit]

However, the direct antecedent is at the beginning of the 19th century, first created byBonaparte in 1808 in imitation of the French model and a few years later, in 1812, theCortes of Cádiz created it the Secretariat of the Dispatch of the Governance of the Kingdom and Islands adjacent and the Secretary of the Dispatch of the Governance of the Kingdom for Overseas. The vast majority of authors do not consider the department created by the Napoleonic Government as the original one, because of its invasor nature.[6]

With the return ofFerdinand VII, both secretaries were suppressed in 1814, restored during theLiberal Triennium and created as Ministry of the Interior in 1823, which lasted only a short time after being suppressed by King Ferdinand. In 1832 theMinistry of Development was created, which assumed security competences, fleeing from the denominations of "Interior" and "Governance" since they were reminiscent of the time of the war againstNapoleon. In 1835 it was again called "Ministry of the Interior".[citation needed]

In 1847, all matters related to the services of public, economic and cultural works were disbanded from the Ministry of the Interior. The Ministry of the Interior maintained the functions of public order, municipal and provincial organization —being responsible for the Civil Governors—, health, post and telegraph, and the Overseas Office was incorporated. The so-called Sections were changed by Directorates-General, whose number was changing in the following decades.[citation needed]

During the reign ofAlfonso XIII (1902-1931) the then created Institute of Social Reforms (1903), the Superior Charity Board (1908), the Internal Health Service (1909) were made dependent on the Ministry of the Interior; the Directorate-General for Security was divided into two sections, Surveillance and Security, and then called Public Order (1921); the Legal Department expanded its functions beyond the branch of charity (1913); the General Department of Charity (1919), the Health Department (1921), the Supply Department (1925) and the National Broadcasting Service (1929) were created.[citation needed]

Already during theSecond Republic, by decree of the Presidency of the Council of Ministers of 16 August 1932, raised to the rank of Law on 8 September, theDirectorate-General of the Civil Guard, which had been attached to the Ministry of War, and all the agencies and services of it dependents were transferred to the Ministry of the Interior, creating the Inspectorate-General of the Civil Guard. In 1933, the Health and Welfare services were transferred to the Ministry of Labor, Health and Welfare.[citation needed]

In 1959 the Central Traffic Office was created by Law 47/1959, of 30 July; the Technical General Secretariat by Decree 1841/1960, of 21 September, in accordance with the provisions of the Law on the Legal System of the State Administration of 26 July 1957; and the Data Processing Center by Order of 16 November 1971.[6]

Democracy

[edit]

In 1977 it was renamed "Ministry of the Interior" and from then until now the Ministry has maintained this denomination, except for the period between 1994 and 1996, when it was renamed the Ministry of Justice and the Interior, structured in two main higher bodies, theSecretariat of State for Justice and theSecretariat of State for the Interior.[7][8]

During the democratic period, the Ministry of the Interior has focused its powers on public security, losing its functions on territorial organization in favor of theMinistry for Territorial Administrations.

Structure

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The Ministry of the Interior is organised in the following bodies:[9]

Agencies and companies

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List of ministers of the interior

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The holders of the office of minister of the interior of Spain, from the reign ofFerdinand VII to the present time:

PeriodTook officeLeft officeNameParty
Reign of
Ferdinand VII
(1814–1833)
18 March 18202 March 1821Agustín de Argüelles Álvarez (6)
4 March 18214 May 1821Mateo Valdemoros (6)
4 May 18218 January 1822Ramón Feliú (6)
8 January 182228 February 1822Francisco Javier Pinilla (Interim) (6)
28 February 18227 July 1822José María Moscoso y Quiroga (6)
10 July 18225 August 1822José María Calatrava (6)
5 August 182228 February 1823Francisco de Paula Fernández Gascó (6)
28 February 182312 May 1823José María Calatrava (6)
18 May 18232 June 1823Manuel García Herreros (6)
2 June 182330 September 1823Salvador Manzanares (6)
30 September 18232 December 1823José Aznarez Navarro (6)(7)
Regency of
Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies
(1833–1840)
13 June 183528 August 1835Juan Álvarez Guerra (3)
28 August 183514 September 1835Manuel de la Riva Herrera (3)
14 September 183527 September 1835Ramón Gil de la Cuadra (3)
27 September 183515 May 1836Martín de los Heros (3)
15 May 183614 August 1836Ángel de Saavedra (1)
14 August 183611 September 1836Ramón Gil de la Cuadra (1)
11 September 183627 March 1837Joaquín María López (1)
27 March 18379 July 1837Pío Pita Pizarro (1)
9 July 183718 August 1837Pedro Antonio Acuña y Cuadros (1)
18 August 183723 August 1837José Manuel Vadillo (1)
23 August 18371 October 1837Diego González Alonso (1)
1 October 183726 November 1837Rafael Pérez (1)
26 November 183716 December 1837Francisco Javier Ulloa (Interim) (1)
16 December 18376 September 1838Joaquín José de Muro y Vidaurreta (1)
6 September 183821 November 1838Alberto Felipe Baldrich (1)
6 December 18389 December 1838Francisco Agustín Silvela y Blanco (1)
9 December 183810 May 1839Antonio Hompanera of Cos (1)
10 May 183918 May 1839Lorenzo Arrazola (Interim) (1)
18 May 183921 October 1839Juan Martín Carramolino (1)
21 October 183916 November 1839Lorenzo Arrazola (Interim) (1)
16 November 18398 April 1840Saturnino Calderón Collantes (1)
8 April 184020 July 1840Agustín Armendariz (1)
20 July 184012 August 1840Vicente Sancho (1)
12 August 184019 July 1840Francisco Cabello (1)
19 July 184029 August 1840José María Secades del Rivero (Interim) (1)
29 August 184011 September 1840Fermín Arteta Sesma (1)
11 September 184016 September 1840Francisco Cabello (1)
Regency of
Baldomero Espartero
(1840–1843)
3 October 184021 May 1841Manuel Cortina (1)
21 May 184117 June 1842Facundo Infante (1)
17 June 18429 May 1843Mariano Torres Solanot (1)
9 May 184319 May 1843Fermín Caballero (1)
19 May 184330 July 1843Pedro Gómez de la Serna (1)
Reign of
Isabella II
(1843–1868)
30 July 184324 November 1843Fermín Caballero (1)
24 November 18431 December 1843Jacinto Félix Domenech (1)
1 December 18433 May 1844José Justiniani (1)
3 May 184412 February 1846Pedro José Pidal (1)
12 February 184616 March 1846Francisco Javier de Istúriz (1)
16 March 18465 April 1846Javier de Burgos (1)
5 April 184628 January 1847Pedro José Pidal (1)
28 January 184728 March 1847Manuel Seijas Lozano (1)
28 March 184731 August 1847Antonio de Benavides (1)
31 August 18474 October 1847Patricio de la Escosura (1)
4 October 184719 October 1849Luis José Sartorius (1)
19 October 184920 October 1849Trinidad Balboa (1)
20 October 184914 January 1851Luis José Sartorius (1)
14 January 18515 April 1851Fermín Arteta Sesma (1)
5 April 18517 August 1851Manuel Bertrán de Lis y Ribes (1)
7 August 185115 November 1851Melchor Ordóñez (1)
15 November 185114 December 1852Cristobal Bordiú (1)
14 December 185210 January 1853Alejandro Llorente (1)
10 January 185314 April 1853Antonio de Benavides (1)
14 April 185319 September 1853Pablo Egaña (1)
19 September 185318 July 1854Luis José Sartorius (1)
18 July 185430 July 1854Antonio de los Ríos Rosas (1)
30 July 18546 June 1855Francisco Santa Cruz (1)
6 June 185515 January 1856Julián Huelves (1)
15 January 185614 July 1856Patricio de la Escosura (1)
14 July 185612 October 1856Antonio de los Ríos Rosas (1)
12 October 185615 October 1857Cándido Nocedal (1)
15 October 185725 October 1857Francisco Armero Peñaranda (Interim) (1)
25 October 185714 January 1858Manuel Bermúdez de Castro y Díez (1)
14 January 18585 May 1858Ventura Díaz (1)
5 May 185817 January 1863José de Posada Herrera (1)
17 January 18632 March 1863Antonio Aguilar y Correa (1)
2 March 186317 January 1864Florencio Rodríguez Vaamonde (1)
17 January 18641 March 1864Antonio de Benavides (1)
1 March 186416 September 1864Antonio Cánovas del Castillo (1)
16 September 186421 June 1865Luis González Bravo (1)
21 June 186510 July 1866José de Posada Herrera (1)
10 July 186620 September 1868Luis González Bravo (1)
Junta Revolucionaria Interina
(1868)
8 October 18689 January 1870Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (1)
9 January 187025 December 1870Nicolás María Rivero (1)
25 December 18704 January 1871Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (1)
Reign of
Amadeo I
(1871–1873)
4 January 187124 July 1871Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (1)
24 July 18715 October 1871Manuel Ruiz Zorrilla (1)
5 October 187121 December 1871Francisco de Paula Candau (1)
21 December 187126 May 1872Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (1)
26 May 187213 June 1872Francisco de Paula Candau (1)
13 June 187212 February 1873Manuel Ruiz Zorrilla (1)
First Spanish Republic. Presidency of
Estanislao Figueras
(1873)
12 February 187311 June 1873Francisco Pi y Margall (1)
First Spanish Republic. Presidency of
Francisco Pi y Margall
(1873)
11 June 187318 July 1871Francisco Pi y Margall (1)
First Spanish Republic. Presidency of
Nicolás Salmerón
(1873)
19 July 18734 September 1873Eleuterio Maisonnave (1)
First Spanish Republic. Presidency of
Emilio Castelar
(1873–1874)
4 September 18733 January 1874Eleuterio Maisonnave (1)
First Spanish Republic. Presidency of
Francisco Serrano y Domínguez
(1874)
3 January 187413 May 1874Eugenio García Ruiz (1)
13 May 187431 December 1874Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (1)
Reign of
Alfonso XII
(1874–1885)		31 December 18747 March 1879Francisco Romero Robledo (1)
7 March 18799 December 1879Francisco Silvela y Le Vielleuze (1)
9 December 18798 February 1881Francisco Romero Robledo (1)
8 February 18819 January 1883Venancio González y Fernández (1)
9 January 188313 October 1883Pío Gullón Iglesias (1)
13 October 188318 January 1884Segismundo Moret y Prendergast (1)
18 January 188413 July 1885Francisco Romero Robledo (1)
13 July 188527 November 1885Raimundo Fernández Villaverde (1)
Regency of
María Cristina
forAlfonso XIII
(1885–1902)		27 November 188510 October 1886Venancio González y Fernández (1)
10 October 188612 November 1887Fernando León y Castillo (1)
12 November 188714 June 1888José Luis Albareda y Sezde (1)
14 June 188811 December 1888Segismundo Moret y Prendergast (1)
11 December 18885 July 1890Trinitario Ruiz Capdepón (1)
5 July 189023 November 1891Francisco Silvela Le Vielleuze (1)
23 November 189125 June 1892José Elduayen Gorriti (1)
25 June 189230 November 1892Raimundo Fernández Villaverde (1)
30 November 189211 December 1892Manuel Danvila Collado (1)
11 December 189214 October 1893Venancio González y Fernández (1)
14 October 189312 March 1894Joaquín López Puigcerver (1)
12 March 18944 November 1894Alberto Aguilera Velasco (1)
4 November 189423 March 1895Trinitario Ruiz Capdepón (1)
23 March 18954 October 1897Fernando Cos-Gayón y Pons (1)
4 October 18974 March 1899Trinitario Ruiz Capdepón (1)
4 March 189923 October 1900Eduardo Dato Iradier (1)
23 October 19006 March 1901Francisco Javier Ugarte Pagés (1)
6 March 190115 July 1901Segismundo Moret y Prendergast (1)
15 July 190123 July 1901Miguel Villanueva y Gómez (1)
23 July 190119 March 1902Alfonso González Lozano (1)
19 March 190217 May 1902Segismundo Moret y Prendergast (1)
Reign of
Alfonso XIII
(1902–1931)		17 May 19026 December 1902Segismundo Moret y Prendergast (1)
6 December 190220 July 1903Antonio Maura y Montaner (1)
20 July 19035 December 1903Antonio García Alix (1)
5 December 19035 December 1904José Sánchez Guerra (1)
5 December 190416 December 1904Manuel Allendesalazar Muñoz (1)
16 December 190427 January 1905Francisco Javier González de Castejón y Elío (1)
27 January 190523 June 1905Augusto González Besada (1)
23 June 19051 December 1905Manuel García Prieto (1)
1 December 190510 June 1906Álvaro de Figueroa y Torres (1)
10 June 19066 July 1906Benigno Quiroga y López Ballesteros (1)
6 July 190630 November 1906Bernabé Dávila y Bertololi (1)
30 November 19064 December 1906Benigno Quiroga y López Ballesteros (1)
4 December 190625 January 1907Álvaro de Figueroa y Torres (1)
25 January 190721 October 1909Juan de la Cierva y Peñafiel (1)
21 October 19099 February 1910Segismundo Moret y Prendergast (1)
9 February 19102 January 1911Fernando Merino Villarino (1)
2 January 19113 April 1911Demetrio Alonso Castrillo (1)
3 April 191129 June 1911Trinitario Ruiz Valarino (1)
29 June 191131 December 1912Antonio Barroso Castillo (1)
31 December 191227 October 1913Santiago Alba Bonifaz (1)
27 October 19139 December 1915José Sánchez Guerra (1)
9 December 191530 April 1916Santiago Alba Bonifaz (1)
30 April 191619 April 1917Joaquín Ruiz Jiménez (1)
19 April 191711 June 1917Julio Burell y Cuéllar (1)
11 June 19173 November 1917José Sánchez Guerra (1)
3 November 191722 March 1918José Bahamonde y de Lanz (1)
23 March 19189 November 1918Manuel García Prieto (1)
9 November 19185 December 1918Luis Silvela Casado (1)
5 December 191815 April 1919Amalio Gimeno y Cabañas (1)
15 April 191920 July 1919Antonio Goicoechea Cosculluela (1)
20 July 191912 December 1919Manuel de Burgos y Mazo (1)
12 December 19195 May 1920Joaquín Fernández Prida (1)
5 May 19201 September 1920Francisco Bergamín García (1)
1 September 192014 August 1921Gabino Bugallal Araújo (1)
14 August 19218 March 1922Rafael Coello y Oliván (1)
8 March 19227 December 1922Vicente Piniés Bayona (1)
7 December 192215 September 1923Martín Rosales Martel (1)
17 September 192322 September 1923Millán Millán de Pedro (1)
22 September 192330 January 1930Severiano Martínez Anido (1)
30 January 193025 November 1930Enrique March Balaguer (1)
25 November 193018 February 1931Leopoldo Matos y Massieu (1)
18 February 193114 April 1931José María de Hoyos y Vinent (1)
II Republic
(1931–1939)		14 April 193114 October 1931Miguel Maura Gamazo (1)PRC
14 October 193112 September 1933Santiago Casares Quiroga (1)FRG
12 September 19338 October 1933Diego Martínez Barrio (1)PRR
8 October 193323 January 1934Manuel Rico Avello (1)Inofp.
23 January 19343 March 1934Diego Martínez Barrio (1)PRR
3 March 19344 October 1934Rafael Salazar Alonso (1)PRR
4 October 19343 April 1935Eloy Vaquero Cantillo (1)PRR
3 April 193525 September 1935Manuel Portela Valladares (1)Inofp.
25 September 193514 December 1935Joaquín de Pablo-Blanco Torres (1)PRR
14 December 193519 February 1936Manuel Portela Valladares (1)Inofp.
19 February 193617 April 1936Amós Salvador Carreras (1)IR
17 April 193619 July 1936Santiago Casares Quiroga (1)IR
19 July 193619 July 1936Augusto Barcia Trelles (1)IR
19 July 19364 September 1936Sebastián Pozas Perea (1)Military
4 September 193617 May 1937Ángel Galarza Gago (1)PSOE
17 May 19375 April 1938Julián Zugazagoitia Mendiesta (1)PSOE
5 April 19381 April 1939Paulino Gómez Sáiz (1)PSOE
Dictatorship of Francisco Franco
(1936–1975)		30 January 193824 December 1938Severiano Martínez Anido (2)
andRamón Serrano Súñer (3)
24 December 193816 October 1940Ramón Serrano Súñer (1)
16 October 19403 September 1942Valentín Galarza Morante (1)
3 September 194225 February 1957Blas Pérez González (1)
25 February 195729 October 1969Camilo Alonso Vega (1)
andVicente Fernández Bascarán (1) (Interim)
29 October 19699 June 1973Tomás Garicano Goñi (1)
9 June 19733 January 1974Carlos Arias Navarro (1)
3 January 197412 December 1975José García Hernández (1)
Reign of
Juan Carlos I
(1975–2014)
Felipe VI
(2014–present)		12 December 19755 July 1976Manuel Fraga Iribarne (4)
5 July 19765 April 1979Rodolfo Martín Villa (1)UCDCst.(Suárez)
5 April 19792 May 1980Antonio Ibáñez Freire (3)MilitaryI(Suárez/Calvo-Sotelo)
2 May 19802 December 1982Juan José Rosón Pérez (3)UCD
2 December 198211 July 1988José Barrionuevo Peña (3)PSOEII • III • IV • V
(González)
11 July 198824 November 1993José Luis Corcuera Cuesta (3)PSOE
24 November 19935 May 1994Antoni Asunción Hernández (3)PSOEV(González)
5 May 19944 May 1996Juan Alberto Belloch Julbe (5)PSOE
4 May 199627 February 2001Jaime Mayor Oreja (3)PPVI •VII(Aznar)
27 February 20019 July 2002Mariano Rajoy Brey (3)PPVII(Aznar)
9 July 200217 April 2004Ángel Acebes Paniagua (3)PP
17 April 200411 April 2006José Antonio Alonso Suárez (3)PSOEVIII(Zapatero)
11 April 200611 July 2011Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba (3)PSOEVIII •IX(Zapatero)
11 July 201122 December 2011Antonio Camacho Vizcaíno (3)PSOEIX(Zapatero)
22 December 20114 November 2016Jorge Fernández Díaz (3)PPX(Rajoy)

ActingXI (Rajoy)

4 November 20161 June 2018Juan Ignacio Zoido Álvarez (3)PPXII (Rajoy)
7 June 2018IncumbentFernando Grande-MarlaskaIndependentXIII (Pedro Sánchez)

(1) Minister of Governance
(2) Minister of Public Order
(3) Minister of the Interior
(4) Minister of the Interior and Governance
(5) Minister of Justice and the Interior
(6) Minister of Governance of the Peninsula
(7) Between 1823 and 1835, neither a Ministry of the Interior nor Governance existed.

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^9,520 ministry employees
    146,482 police officers
    22,374 prison officers

References

[edit]
  1. ^Ministry of Territorial Policy and Civil Service (2018).Statistical Bulletin of the personnel at the service of the Public Administrations(PDF). pp. 32 and 48.{{cite book}}:|author= has generic name (help)
  2. ^López-Fonseca, Óscar (7 March 2020)."Interior aumenta en 3.800 el número de policías y guardias civiles en dos años".EL PAÍS (in Spanish). Retrieved7 September 2020.
  3. ^"2023 State Budget"(PDF).boe.es. 1 January 2023.Archived(PDF) from the original on 2 January 2023. Retrieved8 January 2023.
  4. ^"Royal Decree 952/2018, of July 27, by which the basic organic structure of the Ministry of the Interior is developed".boe.es. Retrieved23 February 2019.
  5. ^"Government expenditure on public order and safety".ec.europa.eu. Retrieved3 May 2024.
  6. ^abRojas Juárez, José Rafael; de Andrés Díaz, Rosana (2015).Ministry of the Interior - Two Centuries of History. Bilbao, Spain: Ministry of the Interior.
  7. ^"Ministerio del Interior - Dos siglos de historia". 2015.
  8. ^"History of the Ministry of the Interior".
  9. ^"Royal Decree 734/2020, of August 4, which establishes the basic organic structure of the Ministry of the Interior".boe.es. Retrieved12 March 2021.

External links

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