| Mingginda | |
|---|---|
| Minkin | |
| Native to | Australia |
| Region | Burketown,Queensland |
| Ethnicity | Mingin people |
| Extinct | late 19th century[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | xxm |
| Glottolog | mink1237 |
| AIATSIS[2] | G26 |
Mingginda orMinkin is anextinctAustralian Aboriginal language, perhaps alanguage isolate, of northern Australia. It was spoken by theMingin people in the area aroundBurketown, on the southern coast of theGulf of Carpentaria, in an area that contains the headwaters of theLeichhardt River.[1]
The classification of Minkin is uncertain, primarily due to a lack of data. It has been suggested that it may have been related to theYiwaidjan orTankiclanguage families. Evans (1990) believes it has been demonstrated to be aTankic language, more distant than the others are to each other; this is accepted inBowern (2011).[3]
| Peripheral | Laminal | Apical | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labial | Velar | Dental | Palatal | Alveolar | Retroflex | |
| Plosive | p | k | t̪ | c | t | ʈ |
| Nasal | m | ŋ | (n̪) | ɲ | n | ɳ |
| Rhotic | (ɾ~r) | (ɻ) | ||||
| Lateral | (l̪) | ʎ | l | ɭ | ||
| Approximant | w | j | ||||
Consonants in parentheses are unattested, but may have existed.
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i | u | |
| Low | a |
It is not possible to tell if there was vowel length.[1]
Minkin data reconstituted byEvans (1990):[1]
| gloss | Minkin |
|---|---|
| man (Aboriginal) | ŋaRka (ŋařka) |
| 'the blacks' | yaŋ(k)ana; wampuRa; kOmu; miŋ(k)u |
| white man | piʈa; Takantana |
| young man | kulankali; wuRunta (wuɽunta) |
| boy, children | wuRaRa |
| baby (also 'little', 'younger brother') | piltʸinkuRa |
| girl | puLupuLa (puɭupuɭa) |
| woman | maku |
| old man | paʈiŋaRa |
| old woman | waʈikiRi (waʈikiři) |
| father | kEyatʸi |
| mother | kuntuŋu |
| sister | wuŋ(k)uRa-paŋa; yilulaŋa |
| brother, elder | Naŋkalʸ or Naŋkay |
| brother, younger | piRtʸinkuRa |
| mother's mother | TiTila |
| God | tʸORpuyu |
| ghosts | paʈa |
| 'being who taught them everything' | kuwaRi |
| head | wiʈa |
| hair of head | puLumpa |
| hair of beard, beard | yaRinʸa, yaRiŋa |
| eye | mitʸELa |
| ear | maRa (mařa) |
| mouth | paRka |
| teeth | liya |
| tongue | THalŋa ~ THanŋa |
| nose | kiwiRa |
| face | yiRa |
| neck | panTaLmaRa |
| shoulder | tʸaʈa |
| breasts, milk | ŋukula |
| back | kOnTa (kanta) |
| stomach | paʈaka; puLtʸi |
| chest | payuLa |
| thigh | piLpa; t̪anpa |
| leg | tʸila |
| ankle | mukuLa |
| foot | tʸaŋ(k)a |
| track of a foot | tʸaŋ(k)ay, tʸaNa |
| arm | waLERa |
| wrist | muni-muni; maNay-maNay |
| hand | ŋaRŋaRa (ŋařŋařa) |
| fingers | ŋařa |
| skin | pakuRu |
| bone | TimERa (ʈimiřa) |
| blood | takana |
| fat | paRaŋ(k)a (paɽaŋka) |
| bowels, excrement | TORa (ʈuRa) |
| excrement | malina |
| kangaroo | punkana; tʸaku-tʸaku |
| possum | wapuRa |
| tame dog | kutu |
| wild dog,dingo | mitʸilpaRa |
| emu | puLanʸtʸana |
| black duck | piyanʸtʸuRa |
| wood duck | yapiRa- muntunʸtʸiRa |
| pelican | yukuTaRa; pitiltu |
| laughing jackass (kookaburra) | TalkuRa (t̪alkuřa) |
| native companion (brolga) | Tila-TalkuRa; puRalku |
| white cockatoo | TayalpuwaRa; kaRimpala |
| crow | waŋkuLa |
| swan | kunankuta |
| wild turkey | piRinkuRa |
| egg | yapipa |
| snake | palaŋ(k)aRa; pakanpapa |
| fish | waRa |
| crayfish | miNTuLa |
| mosquito | kalaRaŋ(k)a (kalařaŋka) |
| fly | wuŋaRa; kuRiNa |
| grass | kOɳa (kaɳa); puLpa |
| bark | kuRumpa; pakuRu |
| wood | wiLa; wiLaTaLOnti (wiLa t̪alunti) |
| war-spear | waRinwaRina; maLtʸiNTaRa |
| reed-spear | waRin; ŋuRmi (ŋuřmi) |
| woomera | piRi (piři) |
| shield | Taʈuna; tʸaRpi (tʸařpi) |
| tomahawk | THaʈiyapina; tʸaRiwiNTila |
| boomerang | waŋila |
| carvings on boomerang | waLitʸi |
| canoe | kamiRa |
| camp | NETa (ɳat̪a) (ŋita) |
| fire | wiLa |
| heat | yaLuLu (yalulu); mawuRina |
| smoke | Tumpuɳa; kuya-kuya |
| light | NawaNawa; kawuntuNaRay |
| dark (= night) | kawuNTi |
| water, rain | wat̪a |
| food | La(R)kuLa |
| honey (= fat) | paRaŋ(k)a (paɽaŋka) |
| thirsty | NVRmuNTu (ŋawaRmuNTu) |
| hungry | NaLu |
| stone, hill | kapaʈa |
| ground | kuʈa |
| river | kaTaRa (kat̪ařa) |
| lake, lagoon | paNka |
| swamp | wuɭpa |
| sea | mawORa |
| sun | tʸiRiŋaŋa |
| moon | palaŋatʸi |
| moon; star (?) | piRiŋ(k)a (piɽiŋka) |
| star; sky (?) | TaLaLa (ʈalala) |
| thunder | piʈimaRa(-Ta) |
| wind | waRmaRa (wařmaɽa) |
| rain | puLuLaŋ(k)ana |
| day | palmanmaLamaLa; yiɳanʸtʸi |
| today | yanaNiŋ(k)a, yanaLiŋ(k)a |
| night | miLimaʈa; kawuNTi |
| yesterday | kawuNTiwa; yaluNTay |
| dawn | ŋaNaRaNa, yuNaRaNa |
| tomorrow | kawuNTu, kawuNTuŋ(k)aRa |
| by-and-by | kiTaNTa ŋatʸa |
| cold | KuRiNa (ŋuřina) |
| good | puRuka |
| bad | TuRka |
| big | puLaNa; kuNamiRa (kunʸamiřa) |
| little; baby | piltʸinkuRa |
| dead, rotten | pukayaNa, puka |
| sweet | kaRaLkaRaLa |
| one | tʸuwaRnʸu ~ tʸuwaLnʸu |
| two | Tikinʸa |
| three | Tantʸilta |
| four | Tikintalʸu- TuwaLʸu, TikintʸaLinʸa |
| plenty, many | yunkuna; wan(a)puRa |
| none, no | wiɳiŋa; Wawiŋa |
| any | waNTini |
| some | tʸiliŋa |
| same | man̪t̪anʸi |
| other | tʸawuNiliŋa |
| to walk | yaNkiya |
| to walk, go | yapu |
| to run | Taŋanʸi |
| to go away | tʸawuyu |
| to come here | ŋatʸa |
| to sit | Ninʸa; kuNuyu |
| to take | kawapa |
| to hold | niŋapa |
| to let him go | yiɭayaNkipa |
| to give | wuNapa |
| to burn with fire | Nalapa |
| to make | piʈimapa |
| to sleep | yuŋ(k)uyu |
| to die | yuRpiyu |
| to live | piRitʸinʸa |
| to eat | TayaTaya, TaRa |
| to drink | WawunTini |
| to speak | watʸi |
| to see | Nawapa |
| to feel | (yu)wiŋapa |
| to hear | (yu)wiŋʸtʸin- ta(R)watʸiNa |
| to know | mitʸil-maRa |
| yes | Niya (ŋiya) |
| 'Name of a place where the being camped' | maalpay or maalpi |
| Marriage class A (male) | LiyaRaNu |
| Marriage class C (female, marries A) | kaŋila |
| Marriage class B (male, marries D) | kayaLOLa |
| Marriage class D (female, marries B) | ŋařitʸpalaŋi |
| Where are the blacks? | TaɳaŋaRa komu?; TaɳaŋaRa miŋ(k)u |
| I don't know. | waNTaŋ Naŋ(k)i kuʈa; waNTaŋ Nanʸtʸi kuʈa |
Source:Curr 1886, p. 314
