| Mineiro dialect | |
|---|---|
| Mineiro Mineirês | |
| Native to | Minas Gerais |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| IETF | pt-u-sd-brmg |
 | |
Mineiro (Portuguese pronunciation:[miˈnejɾu]ⓘ),[a]Mineirês, or theBrazilian mountain accent (Portuguese:montanhês) is theBrazilian Portuguese term for the accent spoken in the center, East and Southeast regions of the state ofMinas Gerais.
The term is also thedemonym of Minas Gerais.
It is notable for being spoken in its capital,Belo Horizonte, and its historical cities:Ouro Preto (capital from 1720 until 1897),Mariana (first major town in Minas Gerais, founded in 1696),Santa Bárbara,Sabará,Diamantina,Tiradentes,São João del-Rei,Congonhas,Serro,Caeté,Itabira etc.
Ten million people, about half of the state's population, speak it.
The dialect is mainly spoken in fourgeographic regions of the state. The four regions have a great population density.
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Thecaipira dialect is spoken in the following regions of the state:
Cities where caipira is spoken are:Uberlândia,Uberaba,Araguari,Ituiutaba,Delta,Frutal,Iturama,Divinópolis,Nova Serrana,Itaúna,Pará de Minas,Luz,Bom Despacho,Abaeté,Bambuí,Formiga,Patos de Minas,Araxá,Patrocínio,Sacramento,São Gotardo,Poços de Caldas,Pouso Alegre,Varginha,Passos,Lavras,Campo Belo,Arcos,Três Pontas,Boa Esperança,Capitólio,Campanha,Elói Mendes,Alfenas,Três Corações,Itajubá,São Lourenço,Caxambu,Muzambinho,Extrema,Camanducaia.
Thegeraizeiro dialect is spoken in the following regions of the state:
Cities where geraizeiro is spoken are:Montes Claros,Governador Valadares,Teófilo Otoni,Paracatu,Unaí,João Pinheiro,Pirapora,Buritizeiro,São Francisco,Januária,Janaúba,Bocaiúva,Várzea da Palma,Espinosa,Salinas,Nanuque,Almenara,Capelinha,Araçuaí,Jequitinhonha,Grão Mogol,Medina,Águas Vermelhas,Itacambira,Itamarandiba,Matias Cardoso,Manga,Malacacheta,Água Boa,Jacinto.
Minas Gerais was settled during the late 17th and early 18th centuries by a mix of recent Portuguese immigrants (reinóis oremboabas), mainly fromMinho, and earlier colonists that came from São Paulo (paulistas). There was an intense rivalry between the two groups, fighting over the gold mines (from which the name of the province was taken,Minas Gerais means "General Mines"). These conflicts required the intervention of the Portuguese Crown after a serious uprisal developed into civil war (Guerra dos Emboabas) with the final defeat of thepaulistas in 1708.
In the 19th century, the state was being forgotten due to the decline of gold mining. Due to this isolation, the state was influenced by the dialect of Rio de Janeiro in the southeast, while the south and theTriangulo Mineiro region, began to speak the rustic dialect of São Paulo (caipira). The central region of Minas Gerais, however, developed their own dialect, which is known as Mineiro or mountain dialect.[1] This dialect is also present in cities of the center and southeast of the state, which is surrounded by mountains and mines.[2]
Recently, the influence ofmineiro has been increasing and spreading, due to local pride and rejection of other accents[citation needed].
The first scientific study of the dialect was theEsboço de um Atlas Linguístico de Minas Gerais (EALMG), "Draft of a Linguistic Atlas for Minas Gerais". The work was done in 1977 by theFederal University of Juiz de Fora.[3][4] Until today, it is the most important linguistic study about the state.
This dialect is often hard to understand for people outside the region where it is spoken due to heavy assimilation and elision.
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