Movatterモバイル変換


[0]ホーム

URL:


Jump to content
WikipediaThe Free Encyclopedia
Search

Miguel Serrano

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Chilean diplomat, fascist, and Holocaust denier

In thisSpanish name, the first or paternal surname is Serrano and the second or maternal family name is Fernández.
Miguel Serrano
As ambassador to India, 1957
Born
Miguel Joaquín Diego del Carmen Serrano Fernández

(1917-09-10)10 September 1917
Santiago, Chile
Died28 February 2009(2009-02-28) (aged 91)
Santiago, Chile
Resting placeSantiago, Chile
Alma materInternado Nacional Barros Arana
Occupation(s)Writer, diplomat
Notable work"The Serpent of Paradise"
"The Ultimate Flower"
"El/Ella: Book of Magic Love"
"The Visits of the Queen of Sheba"
"C.G. Jung and Hermann Hesse: A Record of Two Friendships"
"Nos: Book of the Resurrection"
"Adolf Hitler: The Last Avatar"

Miguel Joaquín Diego del Carmen Serrano Fernández (10 September 1917 – 28 February 2009), was a Chilean diplomat, writer,occultist, andfascist activist. ANazi sympathiser in the late 1930s and early 1940s, he later became a prominent figure in theneo-Nazi movement as an exponent ofEsoteric Hitlerism.

Born to a wealthy Chilean family, he developed an interest in writing andfar-right politics, allying himself with theNational Socialist Movement of Chile. During theSecond World War, in which Chile remained neutral until 1943, Serrano campaigned in support ofNazi Germany and promotedantisemitic conspiracy theories through his own fortnightly publication,La Nueva Edad. In 1942, he joined an occult order founded by a German immigrant which combined pro-Nazi sentiment withceremonial magic andkundalini yoga. It presented the Nazi German leaderAdolf Hitler as a spiritual adept who had incarnated to Earth as a savior of theAryan race and who would lead humanity out of a dark age known as theKali Yuga. Serrano became convinced that Hitler had not died in 1945 buthad secretly survived and was living in Antarctica. After visiting Antarctica, Serrano travelled to Germany and then Switzerland, where he met the novelistHermann Hesse and psychoanalystCarl Jung; in 1965, he published a reminiscence of his time with the pair.

In 1953, Serrano joined the Chilean diplomatic corps and was stationed in India until 1963, where he took a keen interest inHinduism and wrote several books. He was later made ambassador to Yugoslavia and then Austria, and while in Europe made contacts with various former Nazis and other far-rightists living on the continent. FollowingChile's election of aMarxist President,Salvador Allende, Serrano was dismissed from the diplomatic service in 1970. After Allende was ousted in a coup andAugusto Pinochet took power, Serrano returned to Chile in 1973. He became a prominent organiser in the Chilean neo-Nazi movement, holding annual celebrations of Hitler's birthday, organising a neo-Nazi rally in Santiago, and producing a neo-Nazi political manifesto. He wrote a trilogy of books on Hitler in which he outlined his view of the Nazi leader as an avatar. He remained in contact with neo-Nazis elsewhere in the world and gave interviews to various foreign far-right publications. AfterSavitri Devi, he has been considered the most prominent exponent of Esoteric Hitlerism within the neo-Nazi movement.

Biography

[edit]

Childhood: 1917–1938

[edit]

Miguel Joaquín Diego del Carmen Serrano Fernández was born on 10 September 1917.[1] On his maternal line, he was descended from the countesses of Sierra Bella.[1] His mother, Berta Fernández Fernández, died when Serrano was five years old, while his father, Diego Serrano Manterola, died three years later.[1] He had two younger brothers and a sister, who were then all raised by his paternal grandmother, Fresia Manterola de Serrano, moving between aSantiago townhouse and a 17th-century country mansion in the Claro Valley.[1]

Between 1929 and 1934, he studied at theInternado Nacional Barros Arana.[1] The school had been heavily influenced byPrussian staff members who had arrived in the late 19th century, with Serrano attributing his laterGermanophilia to this early exposure to German culture.[1] At the school he moved in literary circles.[1] A close friend of his was Hector Barreto, a poet andsocialist. Aged 18, Barreto was killed in a brawl with uniformed Nacistas, members of theNational Socialist Movement of Chile, afascist group inspired by the example of theNazi Party in Germany.[1] This event encouraged Serrano's involvement inleft-wing politics as he began to take an interest inMarxism and the Chilean Marxist movement.[1] He wrote articles for leftist journals likeSobre la marcha,La Hora, andFrente Popular.[1] His uncle, the poetVicente Huidobro, encouraged him to join the left-wingRepublicans in the ongoingSpanish Civil War, but he did not do so.[1]

Nazism and occultism: 1939–1952

[edit]

Serrano grew critical of Marxism and left-wing politics, instead being drawn to the Nacistas after theirfailed coup in September 1938.[1] By July 1939, Serrano was publicly associating himself with the Nacista movement, now organised as thePopular Socialist Vanguard.[2] He began writing for their journal,Trabajo, and accompanied their leader,Jorge González von Marées, on his speaking tours across Chile.[2] At the outbreak of theSecond World War, in which Chile remained neutral, Serrano expressed support forNazi Germany; from July 1941 he launched a fortnightly pro-Nazi publication,La Nueva Edad.[2] Among the magazine's regular contributors were the journalist René Arriagada, General Francisco Javier Díaz, and Hugo Gallo, who was the cultural attaché at the Italian Embassy.[2] Through this work, Serrano developed close links with the German Embassy in Chile and its personnel.[2]

Serrano admired Adolf Hitler, and later became convinced that he had not died in 1945 but instead escaped to Antarctica.

Although Serrano had initially shown little interest in Nazi attitudes towards Jewish people, he became increasingly interested inantisemitic conspiracy theories aboutJews manipulating world events.[2] Two Chilean artists gave him a Spanish language translation of theProtocols of the Elders of Zion, a text purporting to expose this alleged international Jewish conspiracy.[2] According to the historianNicholas Goodrick-Clarke, it was this discovery of theProtocols which "marked a crucial point in the development of Serrano's Nazism".[2] From November 1941, he began printing excerpts from theProtocols inLa Nueva Edad.[2]

Serrano also developed an interest in forms of religious or spiritual practice, including bothWestern esotericism andHinduism.[3] In late 1941, Gallo suggested that Serrano could support the German and Italian war effort not just through his publications, but also on the etheric Inner Planes, introducing him to an esoteric order sympathetic to Nazism.[3] Serrano later claimed that this order had been founded near the start of the 20th century by a German migrant known as "F. K."[3] Serrano was initiated into the group in February 1942.[3]

F. K. claimed that the group owed its allegiance to a secretiveBrahmin elite who resided in the Himalayas.[3] It practiced combinedkundalini yoga withceremonial magic and expressed a pro-Nazi position.[3] It espoused a belief in anastral body which could be awakened through various rituals and meditative practices.[3] The group revered the Nazi German leader Adolf Hitler as the savior of anAryan race and presented him as ashudibudishvabhaba, an initiate of immense willpower who had voluntarily incarnated onto Earth to assist in the overthrow of theKali Yuga, a present dark age for humanity.[3] F. K. claimed that through the astral realm, he was able to establish a connection with Hitler, during which they had various conversations.[3]

As the Second World War ended in defeat for Nazi Germany in 1945, Serrano was convinced that Hitler had notcommitted suicide in Berlin as was claimed by the victorious Allies. Instead, Serrano believed that Hitler had escaped and was living in Antarctica, either in a secluded warm environment on the continent or under the ice cap itself.[3] This idea had been suggested to him by F. K.—who claimed that he remained in astral contact with Hitler—but was also widely rumoured in the Latin American press.[4] In 1947, Ladislao Szabó's bookHitler est vivo had been published, exerting an influence on Serrano. Szabó's book alleged that aU-boat convoy had taken Hitler to safety inQueen Maud Land.[5] In 1947–48, Serrano travelled to Antarctica as a journalist with the Chilean Army.[5] In 1948, he wrote his own short book,La Antártica y otros Mitos, which repeated Szabó's claims about Hitler's survival.[5]

In 1951, Serrano travelled to Europe, and in Germany visited various sites associated with the Nazi Party, including Hitler's Berlin bunker, Hitler'sBerghof home, andSpandau Prison, whereRudolf Hess and other prominent Nazis were then imprisoned.[5] During this trip he also visited Switzerland, where he met and befriended the writerHermann Hesse and the psychoanalystCarl Jung.[5]

Diplomatic career: 1953–1970

[edit]
Serrano meeting Indian Prime MinisterJawaharlal Nehru (right) in May 1957

In 1953, Serrano—following a number of other family members—joined the Chilean diplomatic corps.[5] He hoped to gain a posting to India, a land which he considered to be a source of great spiritual truths. He was successful in this, and remained in India until 1962. In this period, he visited many Hindu temples and searched for evidence of the secretive Brahmanical order into which F. K. had alleged initiation.[5] In his role as a diplomat, he met various prominent figures, includingJawaharlal Nehru,Indira Gandhi, and the14th Dalai Lama.[5] It was while in India that he wrote and published two books:The Visits of the Queen of Sheba (1960), which had a preface by Jung, andThe Serpent of Paradise (1963), which discussed his experiences in the country.[5] Serrano had engaged in further correspondence with Jung between 1957 and 1961.[6] In 1965 his book,C. J. Jung and Hermann Hesse: A Record of Two Friendships, was published.[6]

Leaving India, from 1962 to 1964 he was posted as the Chilean ambassador toBulgaria.[5] From 1964 to 1970 he then served as his country's ambassador to Austria, for which he lived inVienna.[5] During the latter posting, he also represented Chile at theInternational Atomic Energy Agency and theUnited Nations Industrial Development Organization, both of which were based in Vienna.[5] While in Europe, he had sought out a number of individuals linked to Nazism and to the far-right more broadly; these included visits to theAhnenerbe co-founderHerman Wirth, the designer and occultistWilhelm Landig, the poetEzra Pound, and theTraditionalist thinkerJulius Evola.[7] He established friendships with a number of individuals involved in the old Nazi movement, includingLéon Degrelle,Otto Skorzeny,Hans-Ulrich Rudel,Marc "Saint-Loup" Augier, andHanna Reitsch.[7] He also discussed issues with theancient astronaut proponentRobert Charroux.[7]

In the1970 Chilean presidential election, the SocialistSalvador Allende was elected president. Later that year, Serrano was dropped from the country's diplomatic service.[8] Rather than returning to Chile, he moved to Switzerland, renting an apartment in the Casa Camuzzi—where Hesse had lived from 1912 to 1931—atMontagnola in the SwissTicino.[6]

Later life: 1973–2009

[edit]
Part ofa series on
Neo-Nazism
Black Sun
By region

The loss of his diplomatic position, coupled with the establishment of a Marxist government in Chile, led Serrano to take a revived interest in Nazism.[6] He began reading a number of recently published books that purported to identify links between Nazism and occultism.[6] In 1973, his bookEl/Ella: Book of Magic Love was published.[6] After Allende was ousted ina September 1973 coup and a right-wing military regime underAugusto Pinochet took power, Serrano returned to Chile. He nevertheless found that the Pinochet administration was not interested in his neo-Nazi and Esoteric Hitlerist ideas.[7] In 1980, his bookNos: A Book of the Resurrection was published, a form of autobiography influenced byJungian psychology.[6] He also produced a trio of books that came to be known as his "Hitler Trilogy":El Cordón Dorado: Hitlerismo Esotérico (1978),Adolf Hitler, el Ultimo Avatãra (1984), andManú: "Por el hombre que vendra" (1991).[9]

He increasingly associated with old Nazis living in Chile as well as with their neo-Nazi sympathisers.[7] In May 1984 he attended the funeral ofWalter Rauff—a member of theWaffen SS who had played a role in organising the early stages of theHolocaust and who had fled to Chile after the Second World War—and there gave theNazi salute.[7] In 1986 he published a political manifesto for Nazism in theSouthern Cone of South America.[10] He began organising annual celebrations of Hitler's birthday at a rural retreat in Chile.[11] In September 1993, he led a neo-Nazi rally in Santiago—dressed in what had become his trademark black leather coat—in honor of the Nazi Rudolf Hess and the Nacistas summarily executed by Chilean police officers following their 1938 coup attempt.[10] As well as playing a role in organising the Chilean neo-Nazi movement, Serrano maintained correspondences with neo-Nazis elsewhere in the world, such as the AmericanMatt Koehl.[10]

Serrano was the subject of an extensive interview in the Greek far-right magazineΤΟ ΑΝΤΙΔΟΤΟ. Here, he sought to engage a younger audience by contrasting hismillennial vision of Nazism with his perception of the corruption of modern liberalism.[10] He was also the subject of a feature inThe Flaming Sword, a magazine issued by theBlack Order, a neo-NaziSatanist group established by the New ZealanderKerry Bolton.[12] Bolton had also written his own study of Serrano's Esoteric Hitlerism,[13] and the Black Order's occult framework was influenced by Serrano's ideas.[14]Despite the interest that Nazi Satanists took in Serrano's work, he was critical of attempts to combine Satanism with Nazism, in 2001 stating that individuals who did so "will only damage our sacred fight with all the kookiness from California, like Satanism". He added that "Many Satanists do not know that they are manipulated, psychotronically, in fact hypnotized, when not infiltrated by the CIA, Mossad and other such secret organisations."[15]

By the early 1990s, Serrano's Esoteric Hitlerist ideas were spreading amongmodern pagans,[16] gaining particular popularity among far-rightGermanic heathens in the United States.[17] The American Heathen Katja Lane of theWotansvolk group secured the rights to publish English translations of Serrano's work,[18] with Wotansvolk becoming the main promoter of Serrano's writings in the Anglophone world through their14 Word Press.[19] One of the prominent far-right Heathens to be influenced by Serrano's ideas wasJost Turner.[20] Another American occultist to cite an influence from Serrano's ideas wasMichael Moynihan, who also cited having been influenced by Evola,Muammar Gaddafi,Mikhail Bakunin, andJames Mason.[21]

In 28 February 2009,[22][23][24][25][26][27] Serrano died after suffering a stroke in his apartment in the Santa Lucía Hill sector of Santiago, the capital.[28] During his funeral at the General Cemetery, the procession paused at Irene Klatt Getta's crypt, where his coffin and the crowd of over 100 people stopped momentarily before continuing.[26]

Reception and legacy

[edit]

The historian of religionMattias Gardell described Serrano as "one of the most important occult fascist ideologues in the Spanish-speaking world".[17] The historian of religionArthur Versluis noted that Serrano was "the most important figure" in esoteric Hitlerism after Savitri Devi.[29] According to Goodrick-Clarke, Serrano's "mystical Nazism" was "a major example of the Thulean mythology's successful migration to South America in the post-war period".[30] Goodrick-Clarke thought it "likely that old Nazis welcome[d] Serrano's enthusiasm and unswerving loyalty to their hero, Adolf Hitler", even if they found the Esoteric Hitlerist mythology that he promoted to be farfetched. Conversely, Goodrick-Clarke thought, for younger neo-Nazis, "a coloring of pop mythology, Hinduism, and extraterrestrial Aryan gods adds sensational appeal to the powerful myths of elitism, planetary destiny and the cosmic conspiracy of the Jews."[10]

The historian Rafael Videla Eissman proposed that a plaque commemorating Serrano be erected on the western side of theCerro Santa Lucía, although in June 2014 the municipality of Santiago rejected the idea.[31] In February 2016, the newspaperLa Segunda published an interview with Serrano's grandson,Sebastián Araya, in which he discussed his relationship with his grandfather.[32] In December 2017, the author and journalist Gonzalo León published a fictionalized novelisation of Serrano's life.[33]

Ideas

[edit]
See also:Nazism in Chile

In 1984 he published his 643-page tome,Adolf Hitler, el Último Avatãra (Adolf Hitler: The LastAvatar), which is dedicated "To the glory of the Führer, Adolf Hitler". In this arcane work, Serrano unfolds his ultimate philosophical testament through elaborate esoteric and mythological symbolism.[6] He insists that there has been a vast historical conspiracy to conceal the origins of evolved humankind. Serrano's epic vista opens with extragalactic beings who founded the First Hyperborea, a terrestrial but non-physical realm, which was neither geographically limited nor bound by the circles of reincarnation. The Hyperboreans were asexual and reproduced through "plasmic emanations" from their ethereal bodies; theVril power was theirs to command, the light of theBlack Sun coursed through their veins and they saw with thethird eye. Serrano contends that the last documents relating to them were destroyed along with theAlexandrian Library, and that, latterly, these beings have been misunderstood asextraterrestrials arriving inspaceships orUFOs. However, the First Hyperborea was immaterial and altogether outside our mechanistic universe.[34]

The latter is under the jurisdiction of the Demiurge, an inferior godlet whose realm is the physical planet Earth. The Demiurge had created a bestial imitation of humanity in the form of proto-human "robots" likeNeanderthal Man, and intentionally consigned his creatures to an endless cycle of involuntary reincarnation on the earthly plane to no higher purpose. The Hyperboreans recoiled in horror from this entrapment within the Demiurge's cycles. They themselves take thedevayana, the Way of the Gods, at death and return to the earth (asBodhisattvas) only if they are willing.[34]

Determined upon a heroic war to reclaim the Demiurge's deteriorating world, the Hyperboreans clothed themselves in material bodies and descended on to the Second Hyperborea, a ring-shaped continent around the North Pole. During thisGolden Age orSatya Yuga, they magnanimously instructed the Demiurge's creations (the Black, Yellow and Red races native to the planet) and began to raise them above their animal condition.[35] Then disaster struck; some of the Hyperboreans rebelled and intermingled their blood with the creatures of the Demiurge, and through this transgression Paradise was lost. Serrano refers to Genesis 6.4: "the sons of God came in to the daughters of men, and they bore children to them". By diluting the divine blood, the primordialmiscegenation accelerated the process of material decay. This was reflected in outward catastrophes and the North and South Poles reversed positions as a result of the fall of a comet or moon. The polar continent disappeared beneath the deluge and Hyperborea became invisible again.[35] The Hyperboreans themselves survived, some taking refuge at the South Pole. Serrano regards the mysterious appearance of the fine and artisticCro-Magnon Man in Europe as evidence of Hyperboreans driven southward by the Ice Age.[35] But Serrano claims that the Golden Age can be reattained if the Hyperboreans' descendants, the Aryans, consciously repurify their blood to restore the divine blood-memory:[36]

There is nothing more mysterious than blood.Paracelsus considered it a condensation of light. I believe that the Aryan, Hyperborean blood is that – but not the light of the Golden Sun, not of a galactic sun, but of the light of theBlack Sun, of the Green Ray.[37]

Written works

[edit]
YearBookPublisher, ISBNNotes
1938Antología del Verdadero Cuento en ChileSantiago de Chile, Talleres "Gutenberg".Selections, prologue, and notes by Serrano. Short stories by: Pedro Carrillo,Braulio Arenas, Adrián Jiménez, Juan Tejeda,Eduardo Anguita,Teófilo Cid,Juan Emar,Carlos Droguett, Anuar Atías, Miguel Serrano, and Héctor Barreto.
1948La Antártica y otros Mitos [The Antarctic and other myths]First edition (Spanish):

1948 (Santiago de Chile). 52 pages

Other editions:Excalibur, XIV (winter 1988). The New Age Santiago, 2004.ISBN 956-299-394-9.

Speech that was delivered by Miguel Serrano in 1948 after his participation in the Second Chilean Antarctic Expedition (1947–48).
1950Ni por mar ni por tierra… (historia de una generación) [Neither by land nor by sea... (story of a generation)]First edition (Spanish):

1950 (Nascimento, Santiago de Chile). 400 pages.

Other editions:EB Books. Santiago, 2017.ISBN 978-956-9436-09-3. Kier. Buenos Aires, 1979 (abbreviated). Trilogy of the search in the outside world. Nascimento Santiago, 1974 (abbreviated).

1957Quién llama en los Hielos [Invitation to the icefields]Santiago, Chile, Editorial Nascimento; Barcelona: Planeta, [1974]ISBN 84-320-5292-2
1960Los misterios [The Mysteries]First edition (Spanish):

1960 (New Delhi). 20 pages

Other editions:Be-uve-drais. Santiago, 2006 (Spanish).ISBN 956-7878-40-4. EB Books. Santiago, 2016 (Spanish).ISBN 978-956-9436-07-9. Excalibur, vol. XVII (autumn 1989) (Spanish). New Delhi, 1960 (English).

1960Las visitas de la Reina de Saba. Translated asThe Visits of the Queen of Sheba, foreword byC. G. Jung[Santiago de Chile] Nascimento; Bombay, New York: Asia Pub. House; New York: Harper & Row [1973, c1972],ISBN 0-06-090315-5; London, Boston: Routledge and K. Paul [1972], 2nd ed.,ISBN 0-7100-7341-0 &ISBN 0-7100-7399-2 (pbk.)
1963La Serpiente del Paraíso. Translated asThe Serpent of Paradise: The Story of an Indian PilgrimageSantiago, Chile, Editorial Nascimento; London: Rider [1963]; New York: Harper & Row [1st American ed., 1972]ISBN 0-06-090284-1; London: Routledge and Kegan Paul [Revised ed., 1974],ISBN 0-7100-7784-X &ISBN 0-7100-7785-8
1965El círculo hermético, de Hesse a Jung. Translated asC. G. Jung andHermann Hesse: A Record of Two Friendships, and alternatively asJung and Hesse: A Record of Two FriendshipsSantiago: Zig-Zag [1965]; New York: Schocken Books [1966]; London: Routledge & K. Paul [1966];ISBN 0-8052-0858-5
1969The Ultimate FlowerNew York: Schocken Books [1970, c1969]; London: Routledge & K. Paul [1969],ISBN 0-7100-6620-1 &ISBN 0-06-090285-X
1972El/Ella: Book of Magic LoveNew York: Harper & Row,ISBN 0-06-013829-7;ISBN 0-7100-7762-9
1974Trilogía de la Busqueda del Mundo ExteriorSantiago, Chile: Editorial NascimentoAnthology ofNi por mar, ni por tierra,Quién llama en los hielos, andLa serpiente del paraíso.
1978El Cordón Dorado: Hitlerismo Esotérico [The Golden Thread: Esoteric Hitlerism]Part one of his Hitler Trilogy
1980Nos, libro de la Resurección. Translated toNos, Book of the ResurrectionBuenos Aires: Editorial Kier; London, Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul [1984],ISBN 0-7100-9828-6
1984Adolf Hitler, el Último Avatãra [Adolf Hitler: The Last Avatar]Part two of his Hitler Trilogy
1986Nacionalsocialismo, Unica Solución para los Pueblos de América del Sur [National Socialism, the Only Solution for the Countries of South America]Santiago: Alfabeta;Bogotá: Editorial Solar, 2nd ed. [1987]
1986La Resurrección del Héroe: Año 97 de la era Hitleriana [The Resurrection of the Hero: 97th Year of the Hitlerian Era]Santiago: Alfabeta Impresores
1987Contra la Usura byGottfried Feder; Serrano [contribuidor].Santiago, Chile: Alfabeta Impr.Spanish translation ofManifest zur Brechung der Zinsknechtschaft des Geldes [The Manifesto for Breaking the Interest Bondage of Money]
1991MANÚ: "Por El Hombre Que Vendra" [Manu: For the Coming Man]Part three of his Hitler Trilogy
1992No Celebraremos la Muerte de los Dioses Blancos
1994Nuestro Honor se Llama Lealtad
1995Imitacion de la Verdad: La ciberpoliítica. Internet, realidad virtual, telepresenciaSantiago: Author
1996Memorias de Él y Yo vol. I,Aparición del "Yo" – Alejamiento de "Él" [Memories of Him and Me. Volume 1. Appearance of the "I", distancing from "him"]Santiago: La Nueva Edad. First edition (Spanish): 1996 (The New Age, Santiago de Chile). 216 pages.ISBN 956-272-246-5.

Other editions: Solar. Bogotá, 2001.ISBN 958-8136-15-6.

1997Memorias de Él y Yo vol. II,Adolf Hitler y la Gran Guerra [Memories of Him and Me. Volume II. Adolf Hitler and the Great War]Santiago: La Nueva Edad. First edition (Spanish):

1997 (The New Age, Santiago de Chile). 312 pagesISBN 956-272-623-1.

Other editions:Solar. Bogotá, 2001.ISBN 958-8136-16-4.

1998Memorias de Él y Yo vol. III,Misión en los Transhimalaya [Memories of Him and Me. Volume 3. Mission in the Transhimalaya]Santiago: La Nueva Edad. Spanish, first edition

312 pages

Editions The New Age (1998)ISBN 956-288-008-7

Other editions:Solar. Bogotá, 2001.ISBN 958-8136-17-2.

1999Memorias de Él y Yo vol. IV,El Regreso [Memories of Him and Me. Volume 4. The Return]Santiago: La Nueva Edad. First edition (Spanish):

1999 (The New Age, Santiago de Chile). 312 pagesISBN 956-288-290-X.

Other editions:Solar. Bogotá, 2001.ISBN 958-8136-18-0 (958-8136-8-0{{isbn}}: Checkisbn value: length (help)).

2000Foreword toTemple of Wotan: Holy Book of the Aryan Tribes by Ron McVan14 Word Press,ISBN 0-9678123-3-X
2001Se Acabó Chile
2003El hijo del viudo [The Son of the Widower]Spanish, 2003: La Nueva Edad. Santiago de Chile. 72 páginas.ISBN 956-291-645-6. English, 2003: The New Age Santiago.ISBN 956-291-931-5.
2003La entrega de la Patagonia mágica
2005Hipocresía. La tortura en Chile
2005MAYA, La Realidad Es Una Ilusión [MAYA, Reality is an Illusion]Spanish, 2005: La Nueva Edad. Santiago de Chile. 44 páginas.ISBN 956-299-554-2.

English 2006: The New Age. Santiago.ISBN 956-310-264-9

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abcdefghijklGoodrick-Clarke 2002, p. 174.
  2. ^abcdefghiGoodrick-Clarke 2002, p. 175.
  3. ^abcdefghijGoodrick-Clarke 2002, p. 176.
  4. ^Goodrick-Clarke 2002, pp. 176–177.
  5. ^abcdefghijklGoodrick-Clarke 2002, p. 177.
  6. ^abcdefghGoodrick-Clarke 2002, p. 178.
  7. ^abcdefGoodrick-Clarke 2002, p. 190.
  8. ^Goodrick-Clarke 2002, pp. 177–178.
  9. ^Goodrick-Clarke 2002, p. 178;Gardell 2003, p. 185.
  10. ^abcdeGoodrick-Clarke 2002, p. 191.
  11. ^Goodrick-Clarke 2002, pp. 190–191.
  12. ^Goodrick-Clarke 2002, pp. 191, 227.
  13. ^Goodrick-Clarke 2002, p. 229.
  14. ^Gardell 2003, p. 314.
  15. ^Gardell 2003, p. 320.
  16. ^Goodrick-Clarke 2002, p. 267.
  17. ^abGardell 2003, p. 185.
  18. ^Gardell 2003, p. 186.
  19. ^Goodrick-Clarke 2002, p. 277.
  20. ^Goodrick-Clarke 2002, p. 167;Gardell 2003, p. 183.
  21. ^Gardell 2003, p. 303.
  22. ^Familiares y camaradas despiden al Nazi de las letras ChilenasArchived 10 June 2018 at theWayback Machine,La Nación, 2 March 2009
  23. ^Muere el poeta nazi chileno Miguel Serrano a los 91 años,Soitu.es, 2 March 2009.
  24. ^Fallece escritor y ex embajador Miguel Serrano,El Mercurio, 2 March 2009.
  25. ^Obituarios: Miguel Serrano, Poeta del nazismo en Chile, Ramy Wurgaft,El Mundo, 9 March 2009.
  26. ^abSierra, Andrea;Los tesoros que deja en Chile el último ideólogo del nazismo,El Mercurio, 8 March 2009
  27. ^Robles, Leonardo;El poeta nazi emprendió el viaje al infinito,El Mercurio de Valparaíso, 3 March 2009
  28. ^García, Javier;Un polémico maestro: el legado de Miguel Serrano,La Tercera, 19 August 2017
  29. ^Versluis 2013, p. 124.
  30. ^Goodrick-Clarke 2002, p. 173.
  31. ^"Miguel Serrano se queda sin homenaje".La Segunda. 14 June 2014.Archived from the original on 19 January 2018. Retrieved11 June 2018.
  32. ^Martin Romero (19 February 2016)."Agradezco que me haha tocada Miguel Serrano comp abuelo".La Segunda.Archived from the original on 15 January 2018. Retrieved11 June 2018.
  33. ^Javier García (20 December 2017)."Un mago en su laberinto: la biografía novelada sobre Miguel Serrano".Culto.Archived from the original on 24 December 2017. Retrieved11 June 2018.
  34. ^abGoodrick-Clarke 2002, p. 180.
  35. ^abcGoodrick-Clarke 2002, p. 181.
  36. ^Goodrick-Clarke 2002, pp. 181–82.
  37. ^Serrano 1984: 95.

Works cited

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]

External links

[edit]
Miguel Serrano at Wikipedia'ssister projects
Groups
Extant
Europe
Americas
International
Defunct
Germany
and Austria
Europe
Americas
International
People
Germany
and Austria
Europe
Americas
Other
Literature
Other
International
National
Academics
Artists
People
Other
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miguel_Serrano&oldid=1313957350"
Categories:
Hidden categories:

[8]ページ先頭

©2009-2025 Movatter.jp