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Micro Four Thirds system

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Digital camera design standard

TheMicro Four Thirds system (MFT orM4/3 orM43) (マイクロフォーサーズシステム,Maikuro Fō Sāzu Shisutemu) is a standard released byOlympus Imaging Corporation andPanasonic in 2008,[1] for the design and development ofmirrorless interchangeable lens digital cameras,camcorders andlenses.[2] Camera bodies are available fromBlackmagic,DJI,JVC,Kodak, Olympus,OM System, Panasonic,Sharp, Logitech Mevo andXiaomi. MFT lenses are produced byCosina Voigtländer,Kowa, Kodak, Mitakon, Olympus, Panasonic,Samyang, Sharp,Sigma, SLR Magic,Tamron,Tokina, TTArtisan, Veydra, Xiaomi, Laowa, Yongnuo, Zonlai,Lensbaby,Venus Optics and 7artisans amongst others.

The specifications of the MFT system inherit the original sensorformat of theFour Thirds system, designed forDSLRs. However, unlike Four Thirds, the MFT system design specification does not requirelens telecentricity, a parameter which accommodated for the inaccurate sensitivity to off-angle light due to the geometry of thephotodetectors of contemporary image sensors. Later improvements in manufacturing capabilities enabled the production of sensors with a lower stack height, improving sensitivity to off-angle light, eliminating the necessity of telecentricity and decreasing the distance from the image sensor at which a lens's rear element could be positioned without compromising light detection.[3] Such a lens, however, would eliminate the room necessary to accommodate the mirror box of thesingle-lens reflex camera design, and would be incompatible with SLR Four Thirds bodies.

Micro Four Thirds reduced the specifiedflange focal distance from 38.67mm to 19.25mm. This reduction facilitates smaller body and lens designs, and enables the use of adapters to fit almost any lens ever made for a camera with a flange distance larger than 19.25mm to a MFT camera body. Still-camera lenses produced by Canon, Leica, Minolta, Nikon, Pentax and Zeiss have all been successfully adapted for MFT use, as well as lenses produced for cinema,e.g.,PL mount orC mount.

Comparison with other systems

[edit]
Concept model of MFT camera by Olympus

For comparison of the original Four Thirds with competing DSLR system seeFour Thirds system#Advantages, disadvantages and other considerations

Compared to inexpensive digitalcompact cameras and manybridge cameras, MFT cameras have better,larger sensors, and interchangeable lenses. There are many lenses available. On top of this, a large number of other lenses (even from the analogue film era) can be fitted using an adapter. Different lenses yield greater creative possibilities. However, Micro Four Thirds cameras also tend to be slightly larger, heavier and more expensive than compact cameras.

Compared to most digitalSLRs, the Micro Four Thirds system (body and lenses) is smaller and lighter. However, their sensors are smaller thanfull-frame or even APS-C systems. The small lenses do not allow the noise depth-of-field tradeoffs of larger lenses in other systems. Many, but not all Micro Four Thirds cameras use an electronic viewfinder (EVF). Resolutions and refresh speeds on these EVF displays were originally compared negatively to optical viewfinders, but today's EVF systems are faster, brighter and much higher resolution than the original displays. Original Micro Four Thirds cameras used a contrast-detection autofocus system, slower than the phase-detect autofocus that is standard on DSLRs. To this day, most Micro Four Thirds cameras continue to use a contrast-based focusing system. Although some current models, such as theOlympus OM-D E-M1 Mark II, feature a hybrid phase-detect/contrast detect system, PanasonicLumix cameras continued to use a contrast-based system called DFD (Depth from Defocus) until the release of theG9 II in 2023. Both systems today provide focusing speeds to rival or even surpass many current DSLRs.

Sensor size and aspect ratio

[edit]
Drawing showing the relative sizes of sensors used in most current digital cameras, relative to a35mm film frame

The image sensor of Four Thirds and MFT measures 18 mm × 13.5 mm (22.5 mm diagonal), with an imaging area of 17.3 mm × 13.0 mm (21.63 mm diagonal), comparable to the frame size of110 film.[4] Its area, ca. 220 mm2, is approximately 30% less than theAPS-C sensors used in other manufacturers'DSLRs; it is around 9 times larger than the 1/2.3" sensors typically used incompact digital cameras.

The Four Thirds system uses a 4:3image aspect ratio, like compact digital cameras. In comparison, DSLRs usually adhere to the 3:2 aspect ratio of the traditional35 mm format. Thus, "Four Thirds" refers to both the size and the aspect ratio of the sensor.[5] However, the chip diagonal is shorter than 4/3 of an inch; the 4/3 inch designation for this size of sensor dates back to the 1950s andvidicon tubes, when the external diameter of the camera tube was measured, not the active area.

The MFT design standard also specifies multiple aspect ratios: 4:3, 3:2, 16:9 (the nativeHD video format specification), and 1:1 (a square format). With the exception of a few MFT cameras,[6][7][8] most MFT cameras record in a native 4:3 format image aspect ratio, and through cropping of the 4:3 image, can record in 16:9, 3:2 and 1:1 formats.


Micro Four Thirds sensor generations
SensorSpecificationsISODynamic rangeCamera modelsPDAFIBISFeaturesReleased
12 Mpx Gen 113 Mpx, 4000x3000 effective100-32008EV (-5.0/+3.0)Panasonic G1, G2, G10, GF1, GF2; Olympus E-P1, E-P2, E-P3, E-PL1, E-PL2, E-PL3, E-PM1NoOlympus onlySSWFSeptember 2008 (Panasonic G1)
12 Mpx Gen 2 "multi-aspect"14 Mpx, 4000x3000 effective100-32007.8EV (-4.8/+3.0)Panasonic GH1NoNoSSWF, multi-aspectMarch 2009
16 Mpx Gen 1 "multi-aspect"18.3 Mpx, 4608x3456 effective160-1280011.3EVPanasonic GH2, G5, G6NoNoSSWF, multi-aspect (GH2 only)September 2010 (Panasonic GH2)
16 Mpx Gen 2 "Sony"17 Mpx, 4608x3456 effective200-1280012.3EVOlympus E-M5, E-P5, E-PL5, E-PM2; Panasonic GH3NoOlympus onlySSWFFebruary 2011 (Olympus E-M5)
16 Mpx Gen 316.6 Mpx, 4592x3448 effective160-1280010.5EVPanasonic GX1, GF6, G3NoNoSSWFMay 2011 (Panasonic G3)
12 Mpx Gen 313 Mpx, 4000x3000 effective160-640010.1EVPanasonic GF3, GF5NoNoSSWFJune 2011 (Panasonic GF3)
16 Mpx Gen 417 Mpx, 4608x3456 effective200-2560012.7EVPanasonic GH4, G7, G80, GX7; Olympus E-M1, E-M5II, E-M10, E-M10II, E-M10IIIEM1 onlyYes (except GH4 and G7)SSWF, No AA filter (G80)March 2013 (Olympus PEN E-PL5)
20 Mpx Gen 522 Mpx, 5184x3888 effective200-2560012.5EVPanasonic G9, G90, GX8

Olympus E-M1 II, E-M1 III, E-M5 III, PEN-F, OM-System OM-5

Olympus EM1, EM5 and OM-5 OnlyYesSSWFJuly 2015 (Panasonic GX8)
25 Mpx Gen 6

25 Mpx (Rev.2) Gen 6

27 Mpx, 5776x4336 effective100-2560013EVPanasonic GH6

Panasonic G9 II (Rev.2)

G9 II OnlyYesSSWFFebruary 2022 (Panasonic GH6)

September 2023 (Panasonic G9 II)

20 Mpx "BSI" Gen 623 Mpx, 5184x3888 effective200-2560012.5EVOM-System OM-1YesYesSSWFMarch 2022

Lens mount

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The lens mount of the Panasonic Lumix G 14mm F2.5 ASPH

The MFT system design specifies a bayonet typelens mount with aflange focal distance of 19.25 mm. By avoiding internal mirrors, the MFT standard allows a much thinner camera body.

Viewfinding

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Viewing is achieved on all models bylive view on electronic displays withLCD screens. In addition, some models feature a built-inelectronic viewfinder (EVF), while others may offer optional detachable electronic viewfinders.An independent opticalviewfinder typically matched to a particular non-zoomprime lens is also an option.[9]

Backward compatibility

[edit]

The throat diameter is about 38 mm, 6 mm less than that of the Four Thirds system. Electrically, MFT uses an 11-contact connector between lens and camera, adding to the nine contacts in the Four Thirds system design specification. Olympus claims fullbackward compatibility for many of its existing Four Thirds lenses on MFT bodies, using a purpose built adapter with both mechanical and electrical interfaces.[10]

Adapters to other lens mounts

[edit]

The shallow but wide MFT lens mount also allows the use of existing lenses includingLeica M,Leica R, andOlympus OM system lenses, via Panasonic and Olympus adapters. Aftermarket adapters includeLeica Screw Mount,Contax G,C mount,Arri PL mount,Praktica, Canon, Nikon, and Pentax, amongst others.[11] In fact, almost any still camera, movie or video camera interchangeable lens that has a flange focal distance greater than or marginally less than 20 mm can often be used on MFT bodies via an adapter. While MFT cameras can use many of these "legacy" lenses only with manual focus and manual aperture control mode, hundreds of lenses are available, even those designed for cameras no longer in production.

While lens manufacturers seldom publish lens mount specifications, the MFT mount has been reverse-engineered by enthusiasts, with CAD files available.[12]

Autofocus design

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Until 2013, MFT cameras exclusively usedcontrast-detection autofocus (CDAF), a common autofocus system for mirrorlesscompact or "point-and-shoot". By comparison, DSLRs usephase-detection autofocus (PDAF). The use of separate PDAF sensors has been favored in DSLR systems because of mirror box and pentaprism design, along with better performance for fast-moving subjects.

The (non-Micro) Four Thirds system design standard specifies a 40 mm flange focal length distance, which allowed for using a single lens reflex design, with mirror box and pentaprism. Four Thirds DSLR cameras designed by Olympus and Panasonic initially used exclusively PDAF focusing systems. Olympus then introduced the first live view DSLR camera, which incorporated both traditional DSLR phase focus and also optional contrast detection focus. As a result, newer Four Thirds system lenses were designed both for PDAF and contrast focus. Several of the Four Thirds lenses focus on Micro Four Thirds proficiently when an electrically compatible adapter is used on the Micro Four Thirds cameras, and they focus on Micro Four Thirds cameras much quicker than earlier generation Four Thirds lenses can.

Some MFT cameras, beginning with the Olympus OM-D E-M1 in 2013, incorporate phase-detection hardware on the sensor. Besides offering faster autofocus speed, these camera bodies perform better with legacy lenses (e.g. focus performance of the 150mm f/2 and 300mm f/2.8 lenses are as quick and accurate as a native Four Thirds body). The Panasonic G9 II is the first micro four thirds camera from Panasonic which has phase detect autofocus.

Flange focal distance and crop factor

[edit]

The much shorterflange focal distance enabled by the removal of the mirror allows normal and wide angle lenses to be significantly smaller because they do not have to use stronglyretrofocal designs.

The Four Thirds sensor format used in MFT cameras is equivalent to a 2.0crop factor when compared to a 35 mm film (full frame) camera. This means that the field of view of an MFT lens is the same as a full frame lens with twice the focal length. For example, a 50 mm lens on a MFT body would have a field of view equivalent to a 100 mm lens on a full frame camera. For this reason, MFT lenses can be smaller and lighter because to achieve the equivalent 35 mm film camera field of view, the MFT focal length is much shorter. See the table of lenses below to understand the differences better. For comparison, typical DSLR sensors, such as Canon's APS-C sensors, have a crop factor of 1.6.

Equivalents

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Equivalent images are made by photographing the sameangle of view, with the samedepth of field and the sameAngular resolution due todiffraction limitation (which requires different f-stops on different focal length lenses), the samemotion blur (requires the same shutter speed), therefore the ISO setting must differ to compensate for the f-stop difference. The use of this is only to let us compare the effectiveness of the sensors given the same amount of light hitting them. In normal photography with any one camera, equivalence is not necessarily an issue: there are several lenses faster than f/2.4 for Micro Four Thirds (see the tables under Fixed Focal Length Lenses, below), and there are certainly many lenses faster than f/4.8 for full frame. Although they can have shallower depth of field than a Nikon 1 at f/1.7, it can be seen as advantageous. However, a further aspect of image resolution is limitation byoptical aberration, which can be compensated the better the smaller the focal lengths of a lens is.[13] Lenses designed for mirrorless camera systems such as Nikon 1 or Micro Four Thirds often use image-spacetelecentric lens designs,[14] which reduce shading and therefore light loss and blurring at themicrolenses of the image sensor.[15] Furthermore, in low light conditions by using low f-numbers a too-shallow depth of field can lead to less satisfying image results, especially in videography, when the object being filmed by the camera or the camera itself is moving.

Equivalentfocal lengths are given, if the angle of view is identical.[16]

The depth of field is identical, if angle of view and absolute aperture width are identical. Also the relative diameters of theAiry disks representing the limitation by diffraction are identical. Therefore, the equivalentf-numbers are varying.[17]

In this case, i.e., with the sameluminous flux within the lens, theilluminance quadratically decreases and theluminous intensity quadratically increases with the image size. Therefore, all systems detect the sameluminances and the sameexposure values in theimage plane. As a consequence, the equivalentexposure indexes (respectively equivalent ISO speeds) are different in order to get the identicalshutter speeds (i.e., exposure times) with the same levels ofmotion blur andimage stabilisation.[18] Furthermore, for a givenguide number of aphotoflash device all systems have the same exposure at the same flash-to-subject distance.

The following table shows a few identical image parameters for some popular image sensor classes compared to Micro Four Thirds.[19] The smaller the focal length, the smaller the displacement in the image space between the lastprincipal plane of the lens and the image sensor needed to focus a certain object. Therefore, the energy needed for focusing as well as the appropriate delay for shifting the focusing lens system are shorter, the smaller the focal length is.

Image sensor classEquivalent focal length at wide angle (diagonal angle of view ≈ 75°)Equivalent focal length at normal angle (diagonal angle of view ≈ 47°)Equivalent focal length at tele angle (diagonal angle of view ≈ 29°)Equivalent f-number at identical depth of field and identical diffraction-limited resolutionEquivalent exposure index at identical exposure time and flash rangeDisplacement in image space when focusing from infinite to one metre in object space at normal angle
Nikon 110 mm18 mm31 mm1.71000.33 mm
Four Thirds14 mm25 mm42.5 mm2.42000.64 mm
APS-C18 mm33 mm57 mm3.23601.1 mm
Full-frame28 mm50 mm85 mm4.88002.6 mm

Advantages of Micro Four Thirds over DSLR cameras

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Smallest mirrorless interchangeable lens camera,Panasonic GM1 side by side withAA battery.

Micro Four Thirds has several advantages over larger format cameras and lenses:

  • Cameras and lenses are generally smaller and lighter, making them easier to carry and more discreet.
  • The shorterflange focal distance means that most manual lenses can be adapted for use, thoughC-mount lenses have a slightly shorter flange focal distance and are trickier to adapt.
  • The shorter flange focal distance allows for smaller, lighter, and less expensive lenses, particularly with wide angle lenses.
  • Contrast-detection autofocus is not prone to systematic front- or back-focusing errors which may occur withphase-detection autofocus on DSLRs, eliminating the need to individually calibrate focusing for each lens to each camera.
  • The absence of a mirror eliminates the need for an additional precision assembly, along with its "mirror slap" noise and resultant camera vibration/movement.
  • The smaller sensor generates less heat and can be cooled more easily, reducing image noise when shooting long exposure and videography.
  • Because of the reduced sensor-flange distance, the sensor is easier to clean than with a DSLR, which also have delicate mirror mechanisms attached.
  • The smaller sensor (2×crop factor) allows for longer telephoto reach with smaller and lighter lenses.
  • The smaller sensor size gives deeper depth-of-field for the same field of view and equivalentf-number. This can be desirable in some situations, such as landscape and macro shooting as well as video shooting in low light conditions.
  • Some models are equipped with electronic viewfinders, which have certain advantages over conventional optical viewfinders (see below).

Advantages of the electronic viewfinder

[edit]
2.36M-dot OLED electronic viewfinder ofPanasonic Lumix DMC-G80

Though many DSLRs also have "live view" functionality, these often function relatively poorly compared to a Micro Four Thirdselectronic viewfinder (EVF), which has the following advantages:

  • Real-time preview of exposure, white balance, and tone.
  • Can show a low-light scene brighter than it is.
  • The viewfinder can provide a zoomed preview, allowing for more precise manual focus.
  • The viewfinder can be used while shooting videos. On a DSLR, the mirror must be flipped up to shoot video, which prevents use of the optical viewfinder.
  • The viewfinder displays how the sensor sees the potential picture, rather than an optical view, which may differ.
  • The view can appear larger than some optical viewfinders, especially on lower-end DSLRs, whose viewfinders often have a tunnel-like view.
  • Not reliant on a moving mirror and shutter, which otherwise adds noise, weight, design complexity, and cost.
  • No weight or size penalty for better quality of materials and design. Optical viewfinder quality varies greatly across all DSLRs.[20]

Olympus and Panasonic approached the implementation of electronic viewfinders in two ways: the built-in EVF, and the optionalhotshoe add-on EVF.

Until the introduction of the OM-D E-M5 in February 2012, none of the Olympus designs included a built-in EVF. Olympus has four available add-on hotshoe viewfinders. The Olympus VF-1 is an optical viewfinder with an angle of view of 65 degrees, equivalent to the 17mm pancake lens field of view, and was designed primarily for the EP-1. Olympus has since introduced the high resolution VF-2 EVF,[21] and a newer, less expensive, slightly lower resolution VF-3[22] for use in all its MFT cameras after theOlympus EP-1. These EVF's not only slip into the accessory hotshoe, but also plug into a dedicated proprietary port for power and communication with Olympus cameras only. Both the VF-2 and VF-3 may also be used on high-end Olympus compact point and shoot cameras such as theOlympus XZ-1. Olympus announced the VF-4 in May 2013, along with the fourth generation PEN flagship, the E-P5.

As of mid-2011, Panasonic G and GH series cameras have built in EVF's, while two of the three GF models are able to use the add-on LVF1[23] hotshoe EVF. The LVF1 must also plug into a proprietary port built into the camera for power and communication. This proprietary port and the accessory is omitted in thePanasonic Lumix DMC-GF3 design. Similar to Olympus, the LVF1 is usable on high-end Panasonic compact point and shoot cameras, such as thePanasonic Lumix DMC-LX5.

Disadvantages of Micro Four Thirds compared to DSLRs

[edit]
DSLR-styled mirrorlessPanasonic Lumix DMC-G85/G80
Rangefinder-styled Panasonic Lumix DMC-GX80/DMC-GX85/GX7 Mark II (2016)
  • The Four Thirds sensor (2.0× crop factor) is 68% the size of Canon APS-C (1.6x crop factor), 61% the size of Nikon/Sony APS-C (1.5x crop factor), and 25% the size of a full frame sensor (1.0× crop factor, 35 mm equivalent). This can mean lower image quality when all other variables are the same, including poorer color transitions and more noise at identical ISO settings, especially in low light, when compared with the larger sensors.[24]
  • Contrast-detection autofocus systems such as those used in Micro Four Thirds cameras were initially slower than the phase-detection systems used in DSLRs. Note that this disadvantage has mostly been eliminated, at least for static subjects; theOlympus OM-D E-M5 (2012) compares favorably with DSLRs in single AF.[25] Contrast detection also tends to perform poorly when tracking moving subjects, though cameras with on-sensor phase detection autofocus, introduced in theOlympus OM-D E-M1 in 2013, can perform comparably to DSLRs in continuous AF mode. The Panasonic G9 II has phase detect autofocus. TheOlympus OM-D E-M1X and thePanasonic G9 II both use technology trained byartificial intelligence in order to predict the area of interest and its behaviour.[26]
  • Due to the absence of a mirror and prism mechanism, there is no ability to use a through-the-lens optical viewfinder. A through-the-lens electronic viewfinder, an attachable not-through-the-lens optical viewfinder (similar to arangefinder orTLR), or the universally supplied LCD screen must be used instead.
  • Theoretically, changing lenses can expose the sensor to more dust in a "mirrorless" camera design, compared to DSLRs that have both a mirror and a closed shutter protecting the sensor. Mirrorless cameras have dust-removal systems that try to minimize this problem, and in practice they experience fewer dust problems than a DSLR.[27] Many Micro Four Thirds users report never having found dust on the sensor at all.[28]
  • A larger crop factor (2× multiplier, versus 1.5× or 1.6× on APS-C) means greaterdepth-of-field for the same equivalent field of view and f/stop when compared with APS-C and especially full frame cameras. This can be a disadvantage when a photographer wants to blur a background, such as when shooting portraits.[29]
  • Some Micro Four Thirds cameras and lenses are very small, which can result in relatively poor ergonomics for users with larger hands. This applies especially to handling, the depth of the right-hand grip, and the size and placement of buttons and dials.
  • Micro Four Thirds lenses cannot be focused to infinity on 35 mm equivalent *(full-frame) and APS-C cameras unless theflange distance is the same or less, and they will be susceptible to lensvignetting. In any case alens adapter is needed.
  • Older cameras can be prone to "shutter shock" at slower shutter speeds. In a DSLR, the shutter opens and closes, while a Micro Four Thirds camera has to close the shutter, open-close it, then open it again whenever a photo is taken.[citation needed]

Advantages of Micro Four Thirds over compact digital cameras

[edit]
  • Greatly increased sensor size (5–9 times larger area) gives much better image quality, e.g. low light performance and greater dynamic range, with reducednoise.
  • Interchangeable lenses allow more optical choices including niche, legacy, and future lenses.
  • Shallower depth of field possible (e.g. for portraits andbokeh).
  • Sharper images at slower shutter speeds as a result ofIBIS (In-Body Image Stabilization) common in Panasonic and Olympus Micro Four Thirds cameras.

Disadvantages of Micro Four Thirds compared to compact digital cameras

[edit]
  • Increased physical size and weight (camera and lenses are both larger due to increased sensor size).
  • Extreme zoom lenses available on compacts (such as 30× to 120× models) are more expensive or simply not available on large sensor cameras due to physical size, cost, and practicality considerations.
  • Similarly, larger sensors and shallow depth-of-field make bundledmacro capability and close focusing more difficult, often requiring separate, specialized lenses.
  • Higher cost.

Popularity with adapted/legacy lenses

[edit]
Olympus PEN E-PL2 with a legacy lens OM Zuiko 50mm f/1.8
Panasonic Lumix GF1 with K mount adapter and Cambron 28mm manual lens

Due to the short native flange distance of the Micro Four Thirds System, the usage of adapted lenses from practically all formats has become widely popular. Because lenses can be used from old and abandoned camera systems, adapted lenses typically represent good value for the money. Adapters ranging from low- to high-quality are readily available for purchase online. Canon FD, Nikon F (G lenses require special adapters), MD/MC, Leica M, M42 Screw Mount, and C-mount Cine lenses are all easily adaptable to the Micro Four Thirds system with glassless adapters, resulting in no induced loss of light or sharpness.

Adapted lenses retain their native focal lengths butfield of view is reduced by half —i.e., an adapted 50mm lens is still a 50mm lens in terms of focal length but has a narrower FOV equivalent to a 100mm lens due to the Micro Four Thirds System 2x crop factor. Therefore, most adapted glass from the 35mm film era and current DSLR lineups provide effective fields of view varying from normal to extreme telephoto. Wide angles are generally not practical for adapted use from both an image quality and value point of view.

Using older adapted lenses on Micro Four Thirds sometimes leads to a slight losses in image quality. This is the result of placing high resolution demands on the center crop of decade old 35mm lenses. Therefore, 100% crops from the lenses do not usually represent the same level of pixel-level sharpness as they would on their native formats. Another slight disadvantage of using adapted lenses can be size. By using a 35mm film lens, one would be using a lens that casts an image circle that is far larger than what is required by Micro Four Thirds Sensors.

The main disadvantage of using adapted lenses however, is that focus is manual even with natively autofocus lenses. Full metering functionality is maintained however, as are some automated shooting modes (aperture priority). A further disadvantage with some LM and LTM lenses is that lenses with significant rear protrusions simply do not fit inside the camera body and risk damaging lens or body.[citation needed] An example is theBiogon type of lens.

Overall, the ability to use adapted lenses gives Micro Four Thirds a great advantage in overall versatility and the practice has gained a somewhat cult following. Image samples can be found readily online, and in particular on the MU-43 adapted lenses forum.

Micro Four Thirds system cameras

[edit]
Some components of the digital camera system Micro Four Thirds (from the upper left to the lower right): fastprime lens for portraits,telephoto zoom lens,superzoom,wide-angle lens, standardzoom lens,camera body with articulatingelectronic viewfinder, camera body with fixed electronic viewfinder,system flashlight, pluggable flashlight, a set of threeextension tubes, mechanicallens mount adapter forLeica R,polarising filter,pin hole lens,macro zoom lens
See also:List of Micro Four Thirds cameras

As of June 2012[update],Olympus,Panasonic,Cosina Voigtländer,Carl Zeiss AG,Jos. Schneider Optische Werke GmbH, Komamura Corporation,Sigma Corporation,Tamron,[30] Astrodesign,[30] Yasuhara,[31] andBlackmagic Design[32] have a commitment to the Micro Four Thirds system.

The first Micro Four Thirds system camera wasPanasonic Lumix DMC-G1, which was launched in Japan in October 2008.[33] In April 2009,Panasonic Lumix DMC-GH1 withHD video recording added to it.[34] The firstOlympus model, theOlympus PEN E-P1, was shipped in July 2009.

Blackmagic Design sells cameras made for cinematography, some of which use the MFT lens mount. Their first MFT camera was theBlackmagic Pocket Cinema Camera (BPCC), which was announced in April 2013 with 1080HD recording.[35]

In August 2013, SVS Vistek GmbH in Seefeld, Germany introduced the first high-speed industrial camera with a MFT lens mount, using 4/3" sensors from Truesense Imaging, Inc (formerly Kodak sensors, now part ofON Semiconductor). The SVS Vistek Evo "Tracer" cameras have resolution-dependent shutter speeds, ranging from 147 frames per second (fps) at 1 megapixel (model evo1050 TR) to 22 fps at 8 megapixels (model evo8051 TR).[36][37]

In 2014, JK Imaging Ltd., which holds the Kodak brand, released its first Micro Four Thirds camera, theKodak Pixpro S-1;[38] several lenses and niche camera makers have products made for the standard. In 2015,DJI released the Zenmuse X5 and X5R, which are gimbal-mounted cameras with a MFT lens mount, as optional upgrades for its Inspire drone line. Both cameras can capture 16MP stills and up to 4K/30fps video using one of four interchangeable lenses, ranging from 12mm to 17mm.[39] In 2016,Xiaoyi introduced theYI M1, a 20MP MFT camera with 4K video capability.[40] Also in 2016, Z-Camera released the E1, designed to shoot still and video with an MFT lens mount.[41]

Micro Four Thirds lenses

[edit]
See also:List of Micro Four Thirds lenses
This articlecontainsweasel words: vague phrasing that often accompaniesbiased orunverifiable information. Such statements should beclarified or removed.(April 2017)

Because theflange focal distance of Micro Four Thirds cameras are shorter than DSLRs, most lenses are smaller and cheaper.[citation needed]

Of particular interest in illustrating this fact are the Panasonic 7–14 mm ultra-wide angle (equivalent to 14–28 mm in the 35 mm film format) and the Olympus M.Zuiko Digital ED 9–18 mm ultra wide-angle lens (equivalent to an 18–36 mm zoom lens in the 35 mm film format). This feature also permitted the lens designers to develop the world's fastest fisheye lens with autofocus, theOlympus ED 8 mm f/1.8.

On the telephoto end, the Panasonic 100–300 mm or theLeica DG 100-400 mm as well as the Olympus 75–300 mm zooms show how small and light extreme telephotos can be made. The 400 mm focal length in Micro Four Thirds has the same angle of view as an 800 mm focal length in full frame cameras.

When compared to a full frame camera lens providing a similar angle of view, rather than weighing a few kilograms (several pounds) and generally having a length exceeding 60 cm (24 in) end to end, the optically stabilized Panasonic Lumix G Vario 100–300 mm lens weighs just 520 g (18 oz), is only 126 mm (5.0 in) long, and uses a relatively petite 67 mm filter size.[42] As a point of comparison, the Nikkor-P 600 mm f5.6 telephoto introduced for the1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo weighs 3,600 g (130 oz), is 516.5 mm (20.33 in) in length and uses a 122 mm filter.[43]

Image stabilization approaches

[edit]

Olympus and Panasonic have both produced cameras with sensor-based stabilization, and lenses with stabilization. However, the lens stabilization will only work together with body stabilization for cameras of the same brand. Before 2013, Olympus and Panasonic approachedimage stabilization (IS) differently. Olympus usedsensor-shift image stabilization only, which it calls IBIS (In-BodyImageStabilization), a feature included all of its cameras. Until 2013, Panasonic usedlens-based stabilization only, called Mega OIS or Power OIS (OpticalImageStabilization). These stabilize the image by shifting a small optical block within the lens.

In 2013, Panasonic began including sensor-based stabilization in its cameras, beginning with the Lumix DMC-GX7. Panasonic called the combination of lens and body stabilization "Dual IS," and this function won an award of the European Imaging and Sound Association (EISA) in the category Photo Innovation 2016–2017.[44] In 2016, Olympus added lens-based stabilization to the M. Zuiko 300mm f/4.0 Pro telephoto prime lens and the M. Zuiko 12-100mm f/4.0 IS Pro lens.

Panasonic claims that OIS is more accurate because the stabilization system can be designed for the particular optical characteristics of each lens. A disadvantage of this approach is that the OIS motor and shift mechanism must be built into each lens, making lenses more expensive than comparable non-OIS lenses. Of all Panasonic lenses only few with short focal lengths, and therefore wide angles of view and low susceptibility to image shaking, are not image stabilized, including the 8 mm fisheye, 7–14 mm wide angle zoom, 14 mm prime, the 15 mm prime, the 20 mm prime and the 25 mm prime.

The advantage of in-body IS is that even unstabilized lenses can make use of the in-body stabilization.

Mount adaptability

[edit]

Since most Micro Four Thirds lenses have neither a mechanical focusing ring nor an aperture ring, adapting these lenses for other camera mounts is impossible or compromised. A variety of companies manufacture adapters to use lenses from nearly any legacy lens mount[11] (such lenses, of course, support no automatic functions.) For the Four Third lenses that can be mounted on MFT bodies, seeFour Thirds system lenses. For the Four Third lenses that support AF, see the Olympus website.[45] For those that support fast AF (Imager AF), see the Olympus website.[46]

3D

[edit]

On July 27, 2010, Panasonic announced the development of a three-dimensional optic solution for the Micro Four Thirds system. A specially designed lens allows it to capture stereo images compatible with VIERA 3D-TV-sets and Blu-ray 3D Disc Players.[47]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Butler, Richard (August 5, 2008)."Olympus / Panasonic announce Micro Four Thirds".Digital Photography Review. Archived fromthe original on 2014-08-17. Retrieved2021-09-14.
  2. ^"Panasonic introduces AG-AF100" (press release). Panasonic. Archived fromthe original on 2012-04-27. Retrieved2012-05-19.
  3. ^Johnston, Mike (2011-08-11)."The Online Photographer: Micro Four-Thirds and Telecentricity".The Online Photographer. Retrieved2024-01-11.
  4. ^"No more compromises: The Four Thirds Standard". Olympus Europe. Archived fromthe original on 2011-07-14. Retrieved2007-11-09.
  5. ^Knaur (October 1, 2002)."Interview".A Digital Eye. Archived fromthe original on December 5, 2002.
  6. ^"Panasonic Lumix DMC-GH1 Review".Digital Photography Review. Retrieved2012-05-19.
  7. ^"Panasonic DMC-GH2 Review".Digital Photography Review. Retrieved2012-05-19.
  8. ^"JK Imaging, Blackmagic Design and others join Micro Four Thirds". Digital Photography Review. 2013-01-21. Retrieved2015-06-24.
  9. ^andreritchie (2019-04-27)."Olympus VF-1 Viewfinder".Measuring Light. Retrieved2025-06-26.
  10. ^"M adapter",MFT products, Four Thirds consortium, archived fromthe original on 2009-02-21, retrieved2009-02-24.
  11. ^ab"Adapters for Micro Four Thirds Cameras". Novoflex. Archived fromthe original on 2012-06-19. Retrieved2012-05-19.
  12. ^"Micro Four Thirds Mount Technical Drawing and CAD". Retrieved2022-12-25.
  13. ^Interchangeable Lenses – Chromatic Aberration Compensation - Essential technologies of lens designs that enhance resolving powerArchived 2016-10-21 at theWayback Machine, nikon.com, August 2014, retrieved 13. September 2016
  14. ^Ashton Acton:Refractive Errors—Advances in Research and Treatment, page 40, Scholarly Editions, 2013,ISBN 9781481692076
  15. ^Why is the Micro Four Thirds sensor so sharp in spite of its small size, four-thirds.org, retrieved 13. September 2016
  16. ^Äquivalente Brennweite, WikibookDigitale bildgebende Verfahren, KapitelBildaufnahme, retrieved 17. Januar 2016
  17. ^Äquivalente Blendenzahl, WikibookDigitale bildgebende Verfahren, KapitelBildaufnahme, retrieved 17. Januar 2016
  18. ^Äquivalente Lichtempfindlichkeit, WikibookDigitale bildgebende Verfahren, KapitelBildaufnahme, retrieved 17. Januar 2016
  19. ^What is equivalence and why should I care?, dpreview.com, 7 July 2014, retrieved 17. January 2016
  20. ^"Optical Viewfinders (OVFs) vs. Electronic Viewfinders (EVFs)".Discover Digital Photography. Retrieved19 February 2015.
  21. ^"Olympus Press Pass: Press Release". Olympus America. Retrieved2012-05-19.
  22. ^"Swing Into Action! Olympus Unleashes The Highly Anticipated PEN E-PL3 Camera Featuring Tilting LCD And The New VF-3 Electronic Viewfinder". Olympus America CCS Department. 2011-07-27. Retrieved2012-05-19.
  23. ^"Pressroom". Panasonic USA. Archived fromthe original on 2012-03-18. Retrieved2012-05-19.
  24. ^Northrup, Tony (2013).Photography Buying Guide: How to Choose a Camera, Lens, Tripod, Flash & More. Waterford, CT: Mason Press. p. 52.ISBN 978-0-98826342-0. Retrieved27 December 2014.
  25. ^"Olympus E-M5 Review",Digital Photography Review.
  26. ^William Brawley, Mike Tomkins, Dave Pardue, Jeremy Gray and Zig Weidelich:Olympus E-M1X Review, Imaging Resource, 24 January 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2019
  27. ^Mansurov, Nasim."Mirrorless vs DSLR".Photography Life. Retrieved19 February 2015.
  28. ^Hicks, Laura."Migrating to Mirrorless: Death of the DSLR".Digital Camera Review. Retrieved19 February 2015.
  29. ^M-Zuiko Digital ED 45mm f/1.8, Olympus.
  30. ^abAstrodesign, Olympus, 2012, archived fromthe original on 2012-06-26
  31. ^Yasuhara, archived fromthe original on 2012-05-29
  32. ^"JK Imaging, Blackmagic Design and others join Micro Four Thirds". Digital Photography Review. 2013-01-21. Retrieved2015-06-24.
  33. ^"Panasonic Lumix G1 reviewed". Digital Photography Review.
  34. ^"Panasonic premieres DMC-GH1 with HD video recording". Digital Photography Review. 2009-03-03. Retrieved2009-03-11.
  35. ^"Blackmagic Design Announces Blackmagic Pocket Cinema Camera" (Press release). Blackmagic Design. April 8, 2013. Retrieved9 January 2024.
  36. ^"evo8051CFLGEC67TR".SVS-Vistek. Retrieved9 January 2024.
  37. ^"Industrial Cameras: SVCam-Product Line made by SVS-VISTEK"(PDF). Alliance Vision. January 2016. Retrieved9 January 2024.
  38. ^Westlake, Andy."Kodak Pixpro S-1 First Impressions Review".Digital Photography Review. RetrievedSeptember 30, 2014.
  39. ^Tarantola, Andrew (11 September 2015)."DJI unveils custom aerial Micro Four Thirds camera". RetrievedSeptember 11, 2015.
  40. ^"小蚁微单相机M1".www.xiaoyi.com. Archived fromthe original on 2016-12-01. Retrieved2016-09-26.
  41. ^Audonis, Ty (February 11, 2016)."Z-Camera E1 Review".Videomaker. Retrieved9 January 2024.
  42. ^"Digital Interchangeable Lenses".Lumix Digital Camera. Panasonic. Retrieved2012-05-19.
  43. ^"600 mm f5.6 Nikkor-P Auto Telephoto Lens".MY: Mir. Retrieved2012-05-19.
  44. ^EISA Awards PhotographyArchived 2016-10-27 at theWayback Machine, eisa.eu, retrieved 12 November 2016
  45. ^"Archived copy"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2011-07-14. Retrieved2011-02-22.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  46. ^"Archived copy"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2011-05-16. Retrieved2011-02-22.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  47. ^Panasonic announces development of world's first interchangeable 3D lens for Lumix G Micro systemArchived 2010-07-30 at theWayback Machine, Panasonic

External links

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