| Michigan's 14th congressional district | |
|---|---|
| Obsolete district | |
| Created | 1930 |
| Eliminated | 2020 |
| Years active | 1933–2023 |
Michigan's 14th congressional district was acongressional district that stretched from easternDetroit westward toFarmington Hills, then north to the suburb ofPontiac. From 1993 to 2013, it was based entirely inWayne County.
It was last represented byBrenda Lawrence.[1]
According to Michigan's law on redistricting, the highest numbered district must be in the southeast corner of the state. However, despite being the highest numbered district, the 14th district was not in the southeast corner of the state during its final decade of existence; the7th district was.[2]
After the2020 U.S. census, Michigan's 14th district was removed in the2020 United States redistricting cycle.[3]
The district became obsolete, after the2022 United States House of Representatives elections, as Michigan lost one district, due toreapportionment after the2020 United States census.[4]
| Year | Office | Results[5][6][7][8][9][10][11] |
|---|---|---|
| 2008 | President | Obama 82% - 17% |
| 2012 | President | Obama 81% - 19% |
| Senate | Stabenow 82% - 16% | |
| 2014 | Senate | Peters 80% - 18% |
| Governor | Schauer 71% - 28% | |
| Secretary of State | Dillard 71% - 27% | |
| Attorney General | Totten 73% - 25% | |
| 2016 | President | Clinton 79% - 18% |
| 2018 | Senate | Stabenow 79% - 20% |
| Governor | Whitmer 80% - 18% | |
| Attorney General | Nessel 78% - 19% | |
| 2020 | President | Biden 80% - 20% |
| Senate | Peters 78% - 20% |
In the 1960s, the 14th congressional district consisted ofHamtramck, the northeast portion ofDetroit,Harper Woods and the Grosse Pointes. The 1964 redistricting that created these boundaries placedLucien Nedzi, who had represented the old 14th district, in the same congressional district as fellowDemocratic incumbent Harold Ryan. Nedzi was the more liberal of the two Democrats, and won the primary. In the 1972 redistricting, East Detroit and Warren south of 10 Mile Road were added to the district while some of the district in Detroit was moved to other districts. Prior to the 1972 redistricting, the majority of voters in the district were residents of Detroit. The 1972 redistricting changed the district from having a population based on the 1970 census that was 10% African American to one that was 3% African American, what with 70,000 or more residents added from East Detroit and Warren, with the latter city as a place where black families could in 1970 literally be counted with one's fingers.
At the same time, the percentage of people who were either immigrants or had at least one parent who was an immigrant fell from 46% to 37%. This was more a reflection of the fact that the residents of Warren and East Detroit at the time were in many cases literally the children and grandchildren of the residents of north-east Detroit and Hamtramck. Those born in Poland or with at least one parent born there fell from 12% to 9% of the population, the same group for Canadians fell from 7% to 6% the Italian group held steady at 6% while the German group actually rose from 4% to 6%. Since all these figures are based on the 1970 census, the changes reflect differences between the areas added and dropped, not any population movement.Based on the 1970 census, the district had the most people who identified having Belgian ancestry of any congressional district in the country, and one of the most heavily Polish as well. Based on the 1970 census, it was possible to write that Hamtramck was "an almost entirely Polish-American city".[12]
From 1982 until the 1992 redistricting, the 14th congressional district included the northeast Detroit (basically north of 6 mile and east of Ryan), Grosse Pointe Farms, Grosse Point Woods, Grosse Pointe Shores, Hamtramck, Harper Woods, the southern third ofSt. Clair Shores,Eastpointe, Center Line,Warren south of 10 mile and west of Van Dyke, all ofSterling Heights,Utica, Hazel Park, Madison Heights, and Troy south of about Big Beaver Road, and west of Rochester Road.[13] The district was represented by Dennis Hertel.
Conyers' 1st district includedHighland Park, and Detroit between the Southfield Freeway and a line running from the south end of Highland Park over to the boundary with Dearborn. The eastern boundary of the district was with the 14th district and the northern boundary was 8 mile road.
All of the Wayne County portion of the 14th was retained in the 14th in the 1992 redistricting. It also retained most of the district area in Detroit from Conyers' old 1st district and all of Highland Park. In addition, it took in the far north-western part of Detroit and Redford Township from the 17th district, which prior to redistricting was represented bySander Levin, and after 1992 did not exist (since there were only 16 districts). The south end of St. Clair Shores and about 80% of Eastpointe were put in the district that ended up beingDavid Bonior's district, while the rest of Eastpointe, as well as the remaining areas in Warren, Center Line, Maidson Heights, Hazel Park, Sterling Heights, Utica and Troy were merged into the district that ended up represented by the 17th district's representativeSander Levin, renumbered as the 12th post-redistricting.
The change over time in the congressional district can be seen by what has happened in the one place that has remained constantly in the district since the 1960s, Hamtramck. Hamtramck is no longer a mainly Polish city. 20% of the population is East Indian or Bangladeshi, 19% is black or African American, and almost five percent reports multiple races. Of the 53% that is "white" according to the broad definition used by the Census Bureau, Albanians are the most numerous sub-group, with large numbers of Yemenis and Bosnians as well. It is possible that close to half the population is Muslim.[14]
The percentage of African Americans in the 2010 boundaries of the district had fallen from 61% to 59% between censuses, largely as a result of growth in the Arab population in Dearborn, combined with migration into Macomb and Oakland counties, as well as migration to Macomb, Oakland and suburban Wayne County, as well as out of Michigan entirely, from the Detroit and Highland Park portions of the district. Even the white population (including the large Arab populations in Hamtramck and Dearborn among others that rarely self-identify as white and clearly see themselves as distinct ethnic groups) within the district boundaries had declines by just over 23,000. At the same time those groups that were grouped under the heading "Asia" by the census saw their population in the district boundaries rise by a net of 2,000 during the 2010s, largely fueled by the growth of the Bangladeshi population in Hamtramck.[15]
After the 2010 census, the 14th was reconfigured to take in much of eastern Detroit and the Grosse Pointes. It was also pushed westward into Oakland County to include Southfield, Farmington Hills and Pontiac. For all intents and purposes, this was the successor to the old13th district. Meanwhile, most of the old 14th became the new 13th.
The 13th's freshman congressman,Hansen Clarke, had his home drawn into the new 13th, but opted to follow most of his constituents into the new 14th. In the Democratic primary for this hybrid urban-suburban district, Clarke faced fellow congressmanGary Peters, whose 9th district had been eliminated in redistricting, as well as Southfield mayorBrenda Lawrence and two other Democrats. Preliminary reports showed Peters, who had previously represented part of the Oakland County portion of the district, winning with 47% of the vote to Clarke's 35% and Lawrence's 13%.[16]
Source:[17]
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Gary Peters (incumbent) | 270,450 | 82.3 | |
| Republican | John Hauler | 51,395 | 15.6 | |
| Libertarian | Leonard Schwartz | 3,968 | 1.2 | |
| Green | Douglas Campbell | 2,979 | 0.9 | |
| Total votes | 328,792 | 100.0 | ||
| Democratichold | ||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Brenda Lawrence | 165,272 | 77.8 | |
| Republican | Christina Barr | 41,801 | 19.7 | |
| Libertarian | Leonard Schwartz | 3,366 | 1.6 | |
| Green | Stephen Boyle | 1,999 | 0.9 | |
| Independent | Calvin Pruden (write-in) | 30 | 0.0 | |
| Total votes | 212,468 | 100.0 | ||
| Democratichold | ||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Brenda Lawrence (incumbent) | 244,135 | 78.5 | |
| Republican | Howard Klausner | 58,103 | 18.7 | |
| Libertarian | Gregory Creswell | 4,893 | 1.6 | |
| Green | Marcia Squier | 3,843 | 1.2 | |
| Total votes | 310,974 | 100.0 | ||
| Democratichold | ||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Brenda Lawrence (incumbent) | 214,334 | 80.9 | |
| Republican | Marc Herschfus | 45,899 | 17.3 | |
| Working Class | Philip Kolodny | 4,761 | 1.8 | |
| Total votes | 264,994 | 100.0 | ||
| Democratichold | ||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Brenda Lawrence (incumbent) | 271,370 | 79.3 | |
| Republican | Robert Patrick | 62,664 | 18.3 | |
| Libertarian | Lisa Lane Gioia | 3,737 | 1.1 | |
| Working Class | Philip Kolody | 2,534 | 0.7 | |
| Green | Clyde Shabazz | 1,998 | 0.6 | |
| Total votes | 342,303 | 100.0 | ||
| Democratichold | ||||
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