Michael Francis Moore (born April 23, 1954) is an American film director, producer, screenwriter, and author.[1] Moore's work frequently addresses varioussocial, political, and economic topics. He first became publicly known for his award-winning debut documentaryRoger & Me, a scathing look at the downfall of theautomotive industry in 1980s Flint andDetroit.
Michael Francis Moore (born April 23, 1954) inFlint, Michigan,[11] and grew up in the nearby suburb ofDavison,[12] where he was raised by parents Veronica (née Wall),[13] and Francis Richard "Frank" Moore, an automotive assembly-line worker.[14][15][16] At that time, Flint was home to manyGeneral Motors factories, where his parents and grandfather worked. His uncle LaVerne was one of the founders of theUnited Automobile Workers labor union and participated in theFlint sit-down strike.[17]
Moore was brought up in a traditionalCatholic home,[18] and has Irish, and smaller amounts of Scottish and English, ancestry.[19][20] Some of his ancestors wereQuakers.[20][12]
Moore attended theparochial St. John's Elementary School,[21] in John the Evangelist Parish,[22] for primary school, and later attended St. Paul's Seminary inSaginaw, Michigan, for a year.[14][23][24][25]
He then attendedDavison High School, where he was active in both drama and debate.[26] At the age of 18, he was elected to the Davisonschool board.[14][27] At the time he was the youngest person elected to office in the U.S., as the minimum age to hold public office had just been lowered to 18.[28]
At age 22, Moore founded[30] the alternative newspaperFree to Be...,[31] later renamedThe Flint Voice (Burton, Michigan 1977–1982[32]), later renamed toThe Michigan Voice (Burton, Michigan 1983–1986[33]) as it expanded to cover the entire state.[34][35][36][37]
Singer-songwriterHarry Chapin is credited with being the primary benefactor in bringing about the bi-weekly newspaper's launch, by performing benefit concerts and donating the money to Moore. Moore crept backstage after a concert to Chapin's dressing room and convinced him to do a benefit concert. Chapin subsequently did a concert in Flint every year.[38]
In April 1986,The Michigan Voice published its final issue as Moore moved to San Francisco.[39]
After four months atMother Jones in 1986, Moore was fired in early September.Matt Labash ofThe Weekly Standard reported this was for refusing to print an article byPaul Berman that was critical of theSandinista human rights record inNicaragua.[40][41] Moore refused to run the article because he believed it was inaccurateand would be used by the Reagan Administration against the Sandinistas.[41] Speaking on the matter, Moore stated, "The article was flatly wrong and the worst kind of patronizing bullshit. You would scarcely know from it that the United States had been at war with Nicaragua for the last five years."[42] Chairman of the Foundation for National Progress (which ownsMother Jones) Adam Hochschild said that Moore was fired due to performing poorly at his job.[41] According toThe New York Times, senior staff members felt that Moore was "rigidly ideological".[41]
Moore has contended thatMother Jones fired him because of the publisher's refusal to allow him to cover a story on the GM plant closings in his hometown ofFlint, Michigan. Moore responded by putting laid-off GM workerBen Hamper, who also wrote for the same magazine at the time, on the magazine's cover. This act led to his termination. Moore sued for wrongful dismissal, and settled out of court for $58,000, providing him with some of the seed money,[43] with other fund raising efforts, including bingo games,[44] for his first film,Roger & Me.[45] Moore worked forRalph Nader as the editor of a newsletter after being fired byMother Jones, which provided further financial support during this period.[46]
1989–present: Directing, producing and screenwriting
The 1989 filmRoger & Me was Moore's first documentary about what happened toFlint, Michigan, afterGeneral Motors closed its factories and opened new ones in Mexico where the workers were paid lower wages than their American counterparts. The "Roger" referred to in the title isRoger B. Smith, then CEO and President of General Motors.
Harlan Jacobson, editor ofFilm Comment magazine, said that Moore muddled the chronology inRoger & Me to make it seem that events that took place before G.M.'s layoffs were a consequence of them.[47] CriticRoger Ebert defended Moore's handling of the timeline as an artistic and stylistic choice that had less to do with his credibility as a filmmaker and more to do with the flexibility of film as a medium to express a satiric viewpoint.[48]
Moore made a follow-up 23-minute documentary film,Pets or Meat: The Return to Flint, that aired on PBS in 1992. It is based onRoger & Me. The film's title refers to Rhonda Britton, a Flint, Michigan resident featured in both the 1989 and 1992 films, who sells rabbits as either pets or meat.[49]
Moore's 1995 satirical filmCanadian Bacon features a fictional U.S. president (played byAlan Alda) engineering a fake war with Canada to boost his popularity.[50] The film is also one of the last featuring Canadian actorJohn Candy.[50] Some commentators in the media felt the film was influenced by theStanley Kubrick filmDr. Strangelove.[50]
Shortly after winning the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature forBowling for Columbine, Moore spoke out against U.S. President George W. Bush and theIraq War, which had just started three days prior. He further criticized the president by stating, "We live in a time where we have fictitious election results that elects a fictitious president. We live in a time where we have a man sending us to war for fictitious reasons."[57] The speech was received with a cacophony of boos, applause, and standing ovations from the audience at the theater.[58] Moments after the speech concluded, to lighten the mood, hostSteve Martin joked, "TheTeamsters are helping Michael Moore into the trunk of his limo."[59]
Moore later announced thatFahrenheit 9/11 would not be in consideration for the 2005Academy Award for Documentary Feature, but instead for theAcademy Award for Best Picture. He stated he wanted the movie to be seen by a few million more people via television broadcasting prior to Election Day. According to Moore, "Academy rules forbid the airing of a documentary on television within nine months of its theatrical release", and since the November 2 election was fewer than nine months after the film's release,Fahrenheit 9/11 would have been disqualified for the Documentary Oscar.[61] Regardless, it did not receive an Oscar nomination for Best Picture.
The title of the film alludes to the classic bookFahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, about a future totalitarian state in which books are banned, and any books found are burned by firemen. According to the novel, paper begins to burn at 451 °F (233 °C). The pre-release subtitle of Moore's film continues the allusion: "The temperature at which freedom burns."[citation needed]
As of August 2012,Fahrenheit 9/11 is the highest-grossing documentary of all time, taking in over US$200 million worldwide, including United States box office revenue of almost US$120 million.[2] In February 2011, Moore sued producersBob andHarvey Weinstein for US$2.7 million in unpaid profits from the film, claiming they used "Hollywood accounting tricks" to avoid paying him the money.[62] In February 2012, Moore and the Weinsteins informed the court that they had settled their dispute.[63]
Fahrenheit 9/11 drew criticism and controversy following its release just prior to the2004 United States presidential election. Journalist and literary criticChristopher Hitchens alleged that the film contained distortions and untruths.[64] This contention drew multiple rebuttals, including an eFilmCritic article and an editorial in theColumbus Free Press.[65]
Moore directed the 2007 filmSicko, about the American health care system, focusing particularly on the managed-care and pharmaceutical industries. At least four majorpharmaceutical companies—Pfizer,Eli Lilly,AstraZeneca, andGlaxoSmithKline—ordered their employees not to grant any interviews or assist Moore.[66][67][68] According to Moore in a letter on his website, "roads that often surprise us and lead us to new ideas—and challenge us to reconsider the ones we began with have caused some minor delays." The film premiered at theCannes Film Festival on May 19, 2007, receiving a lengthy standing ovation, and was released in the U.S. and Canada on June 29, 2007.[69] The film is currently ranked the twelfth highest grossing documentary of all time[2] and received anAcademy Award nomination forBest Documentary Feature.[70]
Moore takes a look at the politics of college students in what he calls "Bush Administration America" withCaptain Mike Across America, which was shot during Moore's 62-city college campus tour in the months leading up to the 2004 presidential election.[71][72] The film debuted at theToronto International Film Festival on September 7, 2007.[73] It was later re-edited by Moore intoSlacker Uprising and released for free on the internet on September 23, 2008.[74]
Released on September 23, 2009,Capitalism: A Love Story analyzes the2008 financial crisis and the U.S. economy during the transition between thePresidency of George W. Bush and thePresidency of Barack Obama. Addressing a press conference at its release, Moore said, "Democracy is not a spectator sport, it's a participatory event. If we don't participate in it, it ceases to be a democracy. So Obama will rise or fall based not so much on what he does but on what we do to support him."[75]
Where to Invade Next examines the benefits of progressive social policies in various countries. The film had its premiere at the 2015Toronto International Film Festival.[76]Godfrey Cheshire, writing forRoger Ebert.com, wrote that "Moore's surprising and extraordinarily winningWhere to Invade Next will almost surely cast his detractors atFox News and similar sinkholes into consternation".[77]
InMichael Moore in TrumpLand, Moore talks about the2016 Presidential Election Campaigns. It is a solo performance showing Moore on stage speaking to a seated audience. The film consists of Moore's opinions of the candidates and highlights the Democratic National CandidateHillary Clinton's strengths and also features a lengthy section on how the Republican National CandidateDonald Trump could win.[78] It was filmed inWilmington, Ohio, at theMurphy Theatre over the course of two nights in October 2016.[79][78] The film premiered just eleven days after it was shot at theIFC Center in New York City.[80]
In May 2017, it was announced that Moore had reunited withHarvey Weinstein to direct his new film aboutDonald Trump, titledFahrenheit 11/9, which was released in approximately 1,500 theaters in the United States and Canada on September 21, 2018.[81][82][83] Sexual assault allegations against Weinstein prompted Moore to revoke the plan to work withThe Weinstein Company, which stalled production.[84][85]
The title refers to the day whenDonald Trump officially becamePresident-elect of the United States. In a column forVariety responding to the film's low opening weekend, "How Michael Moore Lost His Audience," sympathetic film criticOwen Gleiberman wrote "He's like an aging rock star putting out albums that simply don't mean as much to those who were, and are, his core fans".[86][87] According toGlenn Greenwald, "what he's trying is of unparalleled importance, not to take the cheap route of exclusively denouncing Trump, but to take the more complicated, challenging, and productive route of understanding who and what created the climate in which Trump could thrive."[88]
Michael Moore was executive producer of the documentaryPlanet of the Humans, which was directed by Jeff Gibbs and released on July 31, 2019. The film makes the argument that, since the firstEarth Day, the condition of the planet has worsened, and questions whether mainstream approaches adopted by industry tomitigate climate change, entail environmental impacts whose costs are comparable to or even possibly outweigh the benefits. The film received criticism from a number ofclimate change experts and activists who disputed its claims, and the accuracy of figures cited in the film, and suggested that the film could play into the hands of the fossil fuel industry.[89][90]
Michael Moore, Jeff Gibbs, and co-producerOzzie Zehner responded to the critics on an episode ofRising.[91][92]
Moore atRoyce Hall,UCLA to promote his memoirHere Comes Trouble, September 2011
Moore has written and co-written eight non-fiction books, mostly on similar subject matter to his documentaries.Stupid White Men (2001) is ostensibly a critique of American domestic and foreign policy but, by Moore's own admission, is also "a book of political humor".[93]Dude, Where's My Country? (2003), is an examination of theBush family's relationships withSaudi royalty, theBin Laden family, and theenergy industry, and a call-to-action for liberals in the2004 election.[citation needed] Several of his works have made bestseller lists.[94]
Moore has dabbled in acting, following a supporting role inLucky Numbers (2000) playing the cousin ofLisa Kudrow's character, who agrees to be part of the scheme concocted byJohn Travolta's character. He also had a cameo in hisCanadian Bacon as an anti-Canada activist. In 1999, he did a cameo inEDtv as one of the panel members. In 2004, he did a cameo, as a news journalist, inThe Fever, starringVanessa Redgrave in the lead.[95]
Between 1994 and 1995, Moore directed and hosted theBBC television seriesTV Nation, which followed the format of news magazine shows but covered topics they avoid. The series aired onBBC2 in the UK. The series was also aired in the US onNBC in 1994 for 9 episodes and again for 8 episodes onFox in 1995.[citation needed]
His other major series wasThe Awful Truth, which satirized actions by big corporations and politicians. It aired on the UK'sChannel 4, and theBravo network in the US, in 1999 and 2000. Moore won theHugh M. Hefner First Amendment Award in Arts and Entertainment for being the executive producer and host ofThe Awful Truth, where he was also described as "muckraker, author and documentary filmmaker".[96]
Another 1999 series,Michael Moore Live, was aired in the UK only onChannel 4, though it was broadcast from New York. This show had a similar format toThe Awful Truth, but also incorporated phone-ins and a live stunt each week.[citation needed]
In 2017, Moore planned to return to prime time network television on Turner/TNT in late 2017 or early 2018 with a program called "Michael Moore Live from the Apocalypse".[97][98][non-primary source needed][83] In February 2019, however, the network announced the show would not be produced.[99][100]
In 2003, he guest starred as himself onThe Simpsons episode "The President Wore Pearls", stating that children who do not receive music, gym and art are more likely to become unemployed and end up in one of his movies.
Moore has directed several music videos, including two forRage Against the Machine for songs fromThe Battle of Los Angeles: "Sleep Now in the Fire" and "Testify". He was threatened with arrest during the shooting of "Sleep Now in the Fire", which was filmed onWall Street; and subsequently the city of New York City denied the band permission to play there, even though the band and Moore had secured a federal permit to perform.[101]
He appeared inThe Drugging of Our Children, a 2005 documentary about over-prescription of psychiatric medication to children and teenagers, directed byGary Null, a proponent ofalternative medicine. In the film Moore agrees withGary Null thatRitalin and other similar drugs are over-prescribed, saying that they are seen as a "pacifier".
Moore appeared in the 2001 documovieThe Party's Over discussing Democrats and Republicans.[105]
He appeared inThe Yes Men, a 2003 documentary about two men who pose as theWorld Trade Organization. He appears during a segment concerning working conditions in Mexico and Latin America.[citation needed]
Moore was interviewed for the 2004 documentary,The Corporation. One of his highlighted quotes was: "The problem is theprofit motive: for corporations, there's no such thing as enough."[106]
Moore'sBroadway debut,The Terms of My Surrender, an anti-Trump dramatic monologue, premiered on August 10, 2017, at theBelasco Theatre.[108] Donald Trump tweeted his dislike for the show and falsely claimed that it closed early.[109] In the first week the production earned $456,195 in sales and $367,634 in the final week, altogether grossing $4.2 million, falling short of its potential gross.[110] It lasted 13 weeks with 96 performances until October 2017, grossing 49% of its potential.[111] Fox News gave it a negative review, in line with Trump's comments.[112] The show was unenthusiastically praised byThe Guardian, which said he only wanted to "preach to the choir".[113] A spokesman for "The Terms of My Surrender" suggested that the production might have an engagement in San Francisco in early 2018, which didn't materialize.[114]
Although Moore has been known for his political activism,[118] he rejects the label as redundant in a democracy: "I and you and everyone else has to be a political activist. If we're not politically active, it ceases to be a democracy."[119] According to John Flesher of theAssociated Press, Moore is known for his "fieryleft-wing populism",[120] and publications such as theSocialist Worker Online have hailed him as the "newTom Paine".[121] One critic has traced the leftist populism in three of his films (Roger & Me,Sicko, andCapitalism: A Love Story), arguing that at least these films showcase Moore's populism as embracing specific social causes while also demonstrating an irreverent style that positions Moore as the proverbial little guy ‘talking truth to power’ against a corporate elite.[122] In a speech, he said thatsocialism is democracy and Christianity. However, he later said that economic philosophies from the past were not apt enough to describe today's realities.[123]
During September and October 2004, Moore spoke at universities and colleges inswing states during his "Slacker Uprising Tour". The tour gave awayramen and underwear to students who promised to vote.[125][126][127] One stop during the tour wasUtah Valley State College. A fight for his right to speak resulted in massive public debates and a media blitz, eventually resulting in a lawsuit against the college and the resignation of at least one member of the college's student government.[128][129] The Utah event was chronicled in the documentary filmThis Divided State.[129]
Moore urged Ralph Nader not to run in2004 so as not to split the left vote. OnReal Time with Bill Maher, Moore andBill Maher knelt before Nader to plead with him to stay out of the race.[130]
Moore drew attention in 2004 when he used the term "deserter" to describe then presidentGeorge W. Bush while introducing Retired Army Gen.Wesley K. Clark at a Democratic presidential debate in New Hampshire. Noting that Clark had been a champion debater at West Point, Moore told a laughing crowd, "I know what you're thinking. I want to see that debate" between Clark and Bush – "the general versus the deserter". Moore said he was referring to published reports in several media outlets includingThe Boston Globe which had reported that "there is strong evidence that Bush performed no military service as required when he moved from Houston to Alabama to work on a U.S. Senate campaign from May to November 1972."[131][132][133]
In 2007, Moore became a contributing journalist atOpEdNews, and by May 2014, had authored over 70 articles published on their website.[134] Moore was an active supporter of theOccupy Wall Street protest in New York City and spoke with the OWS protesters on September 26, 2011.[135] On October 29, 2011, he spoke at theOccupy Oakland protest site to express his support.[136]
Moore praisedDjango Unchained, tweeting that the movie "is one of the best film satires ever. A rare American movie on slavery and the origins of our sick racist history."[137]
Moore at theanti-Trump rally in New York City, November 12, 2016
Moore's 2011 claims that "Four hundred obscenely wealthy individuals, 400 littleMubaraks – most of whom benefited in some way from the multi-trillion-dollar taxpayer bailout of 2008 – now have more cash, stock and property than the assets of 155 million Americans combined" and that these 400 Americans "have more wealth than half of all Americans combined" was found to be true byPolitiFact and others.[138][139][140][141]
After Venezuelan PresidentHugo Chávez died in March 2013, Moore praised him for "eliminating 75 percent of extreme poverty" while "[providing] free health and education for all".[142]
Moore supportedRalph Nader in the2000 presidential election.[143] Moore was critical ofAl Gore andGeorge W. Bush. Moore criticizes Gore for the loss of thousands of jobs during his time as vice president, voting to confirmAntonin Scalia, proposing more funding for the Pentagon, and proposing to expand thewar on drugs.[144] Moore reportedly told Bush "Your possible victory on Tuesday is a threat to our national security". Moore also called Bush "a banal, despicable, and corrupt human being".[144]
In anop-ed piece forThe New York Times published on December 31, 2013, Moore assessed theAffordable Care Act, calling it "awful" and adding that "Obamacare's rocky start ... is a result of one fatal flaw: The Affordable Care Act is a pro-insurance-industry plan implemented by a president who knew in his heart that a single-payer, Medicare-for-all model was the true way to go." Despite his strong critique, however, Moore wrote that he still considers the plan a "godsend" because it provides a start "to get what we deserve: universal quality health care."[148][149]
In December 2015, Moore announced his support forVermont SenatorBernie Sanders in the2016 United States presidential election.[150] Moore called Sanders a "force to contend with".[151] In January 2016, he officially endorsed Bernie Sanders for president.[152] He also describeddemocratic socialism as "a true democracy where everyone has a seat at the table, everyone has a voice, not just the rich".[153] After Sanders lost the 2016 primaries, Moore urged Americans to vote for Clinton[154][155] while also correctly predicting that Trump would win the election because the post-industrialMidwestern states would vote for Trump.[156] After Trump was elected, Moore called Trump a "Russian traitor",[157] saying his presidency had "no legitimacy".[158]
In October 2016, Moore criticizedJulian Assange andWikiLeaks for publishingleaks from the DNC's emails, saying: "I think WikiLeaks and I think Assange, they're essentially anarchists and they know, just like a lot of people voting for Trump know, that he's their human Molotov cocktail and they want to blow up the system. It's an anarchic move."[159]
In November 2016, right afterDonald Trump was elected President of the United States, and inspired byBertram Gross's 1980 book,Friendly Fascism, Moore reportedly stated: "The next wave of fascists will not come withcattle cars andconcentration camps, but they'll come with asmiley face and maybe a TV show ... That's how the 21st-century fascists will essentially take over."[160]
In March 2018, Moore criticized the "corporate media", saying "You turn on the TV, and it's 'Russia, Russia, Russia!' These are all shiny keys to distract us. We should know about theWest Virginia strike. What an inspiration that would be. But they don't show this".[166]
In April 2018, Moore taunted Trump by ironically asking him why he had not already firedRobert Mueller.[167] After theRussia–United States summit of July 2018, Moore called for Trump's impeachment, saying "Congress needs no more proof than Trump's admission yesterday that he sides with Putin to impeach and remove him."[168]
Moore compared Trump toNazi Germany's dictatorAdolf Hitler.[169] On August 10, 2019, Moore tweeted: "I guess they think a country dumb enough to elect Trump is stupid enough to believeJeffrey Epstein committed suicide."[170][171]
Moore met Kathleen Glynn[173] at theFlint Voice, and they married on October 19, 1991.[174] He filed for divorce on June 17, 2013.[175] On July 22, 2014, the divorce was finalized.[176]
Moore isCatholic,[177] but has differed with some of the traditional church teaching on subjects such as abortion[178] andsame-sex marriage.[179] In an interview withThe A.V. Club, when asked if there was a God, he stated, "Yes, there is. I don't know how you define that, but yeah."[180]
Following theColumbine High School massacre, Moore acquired a lifetime membership to theNational Rifle Association of America (NRA).[181] Moore said that he initially intended to become the NRA's president to dismantle the organization, but he soon dismissed the plan as too difficult.[182][183] Gun rights supporters such asDave Kopel said there was no chance of that happening;[184] David T. Hardy and Jason Clarke wrote that Moore failed to discover that the NRA selects a president not by membership vote but by a vote of the board of directors.[185]
Christopher Hitchens, a supporter of the Iraq War, described the filmFahrenheit 9/11 as "utterlypropagandistic".[8][188] In an article titled "The lies of Michael Moore" Hitchens rebuked Moore and his film for its contradictions and promotion of falsehoods. He also criticized Moore for his belief thatOsama bin Laden should be considered innocent until proven guilty despite having taken credit for theSeptember 11 attacks.[189] FormerDemocratic mayor of New York CityEd Koch, who hadendorsed Bush for re-election, wrote an op-ed in which he described Moore's film as propaganda. Koch further maintained thatFahrenheit 9/11 was replete with "blatant lies".[190]
In 2003,The Wall Street Journal said thatBowling for Columbine was "filled with so many inaccuracies and distortions that it ought to be classed as a work of fiction."[191] TheBoston Review said the film contained "deliberate falsehoods", highlighting an interview in which Moore selectively edited and rearranged an interview with NRA presidentCharlton Heston to "create the stupid, callous white guy he attacks."[191]
In 2009, Moore faced criticism for using non-union workers to produce his filmCapitalism: A Love Story.[192] After his 2014 divorce, Moore was reported to have nine homes and a net worth of $50 million. Aaron Foley, writing inJalopnik, accused Moore of hypocrisy due to his anti-capitalist views.[193]
In a review ofFahrenheit 11/9, a film critiquingDonald Trump, John Anderson wrote "Almost the entire movie is lifted from other sources, and then edited in a way that makes his enemies (do they know they're his enemies?) look as foolish as possible. ... Mr. Moore can't help himself, he uses footage of Adolf Hitler lip-syncing a Trump speech. Much has been made of Mr. Trump's questionable maturity. He has a kindred spirit in Michael Moore".[194]
Conservative authorDouglas Murray criticized Moore for stating that "Every problem in the world, look at it and behind it you've got white men". In response to his comments Murray said, "Michael Moore is one of those who doesn't realize that other people have agency and can muck up the world and their own countries in their own ways, and he's obviously never heard of numerous countries, includingNorth Korea".[195]
Eliding the question of whether it's appropriate to murder an apparently random executive as a synecdoche of the entire health insurance industry, Moore merely says the anger felt by Mangione and others is "1000% justified" and "I'm not going to tamp it down or ask people to shut up. I want to pour gasoline on that anger."[196]
The alleged shooter of Thompson was found to have had in his possession at the time of being captured by law enforcement, a document in which the shooter cited two people, Moore andElisabeth Rosenthal, as those who had "illuminated the corruption and greed" of the healthcare/health insurance industry.[197][198][199]
Moore dismissed CUFI's charge that the film downplaysHamas'sOctober 7 attacks—insisting instead that "the shadow of October 7 hangs over the whole film" while blaming theIsraeli government's policies for the suffering of civilians in theGaza.[204][205] His comments—and his warning aboutself-censorship in U.S.film distribution—sparked debate over the role ofdocumentary filmmakers in political conflicts, earning both praise for his moral courage and criticism for perceived one-sidedness.[206]
^abFonger, Ron (February 28, 2019)."Michael Moore's ancestor was a Scottish slave killed by American Indians". MLive.Archived from the original on April 10, 2020. RetrievedApril 10, 2020. "On Moore's late mother's side of the family,Gates showed records indicating Moore's third great grandparents were Quakers, living in North Carolina. His third great grandfather was brought before a court martial in 1812 after refusing to serve in a militia."That is amazing and such a good feeling too," Moore said. "Quakers are pacifists ... among the kindest and most loving people you will ever meet."
^"Alumni News - St. John's Elementary School".davisonschools.org.Archived from the original on July 3, 2023. RetrievedJuly 3, 2023.The Class of 1968 is planning a 55-year reunion for September 30, 2023, at St. John's Parish Hall, Davison.
^Pond, Steve (2005).The Big Show: High Times and Dirty Dealings Backstage at the Academy Awards. New York: Faber and Faber, Inc. p. 345.ISBN978-0-571-21193-7.
^Green Left Weekly:Archived March 5, 2017, at theWayback Machine Rage against Wall Street. Michael Moore, via MichaelMoore.com, date unspecified. Retrieved July 9, 2006.
^"'I am the balance', says Moore".Minneapolis Star Tribune. South Florida Sun-Sentinel. July 4, 2007. Archived fromthe original on January 13, 2012. RetrievedJuly 6, 2007.Moore rejects the label "political activist"; as a citizen of a democracy, Moore insists, such a description is redundant.
^Flesher, John (June 16, 2007). "Hollywood meets Bellaire as Moore gives sneak peek of "Sicko"".Associated Press.But the filmmaker, known for his fiery left-wing populism and polemical films such as "Fahrenheit 9/11" and Oscar-winning "Bowling for Columbine", told the audience "Sicko" would appeal across the political spectrum.
^Collins, Andrew (November 11, 2002)."Guardian/NFT interview: Michael Moore".The Guardian. London.Archived from the original on August 26, 2013. RetrievedAugust 22, 2011....I became a lifetime member after the Columbine massacre because my first thought after Columbine was to run against Charlton Heston for the presidency of the NRA. You have to be a lifetime member to be able to do that, so I had to pay $750 to join. My plan was to get 5 m Americans to join for the lowest basic membership and vote for me so that I'd win and dismantle the organization. Unfortunately, I figured that's just too much work for me so instead I made this movie.
Benson, Thomas W., and Snee, Brian J. (eds.):Michael Moore and the Rhetoric of Documentary. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2015.ISBN978-0-8093-3407-0.
Little, John Arthur (2007).The Power and Potential of Performative Documentary Film(PDF). Montana State University--Bozeman.A thesis essay submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Fine Arts in Science and Natural History Filmmaking
.jpg)
_color.jpg)
.jpg)
