 Johnson in 2016 | |
| Personal information | |
|---|---|
| Full name | Michael Duane Johnson |
| Born | (1967-09-13)September 13, 1967 (age 58) |
| Height | 6 ft 1 in (185 cm)[1] |
| Weight | 175 lb (79 kg)[1] |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Track and field |
Event | Sprints |
| College team | Baylor |
| Achievements and titles | |
| Personalbests | 100 m: 10.09 (Knoxville 1994) 200 m: 19.32 (Atlanta 1996) 300 m: 30.85NB (Pretoria 2000) 400 m: 43.18ARNR (Sevilla 1999) |
Medal record | |
Michael Duane Johnson (born September 13, 1967) is an Americansprinter who became Olympic Champion four times, and World Champion eight times in the span of his career.[2] He held theworld andOlympic records in the200 m and400 m, as well as the world record in the indoor 400 m. He also once held the world's best time in the 300 m. Johnson is generally considered one of the greatest and most consistent sprinters in the history oftrack and field.[3][4]
Johnson is the only male athlete to win both the200 meters and400 meters events at the same Olympics, a feat he accomplished at the1996 Summer Olympics inAtlanta. Johnson is also the only man to successfully defend his Olympic title in the 400 m, having done so at the2000 Summer Olympics inSydney. Aside from his Olympic success, Johnson accumulated eight gold medals at the World Championships and is tied withCarl Lewis for the fourth most gold medals won by a runner.[5][6]
Johnson's distinctive stiff upright running position and very short steps defied the conventional wisdom that a high knee lift was necessary for maximum speed. As of July 2024, Johnson holds three of the top 100 times for the 200 meters (having broken 20 seconds 23 times) and 22 of the top 100 times for the 400 meters. Of those, he holds nine of the top 25 times for the 400 meters. He broke 44 seconds for the 400 meters 22 times, more than twice as many times as any other athlete.
Johnson held theUS national records for the 200,300, and 400 meters. The4 × 400 meters relayworld record wasanchored by Johnson.
Since 2001, Johnson has worked for theBBC, appearing as a pundit at multiple events. He has been a part of the BBC's Olympics athletics coverage sinceAthens 2004.[7]
In 1991 at theWorld Championships in Tokyo, Johnson earned his first world title by winning the200 m race by the unusual margin of victory of 0.33 seconds overFrankie Fredericks.
Two weeks before the1992 Summer Olympics began, Johnson and his agent both contracted food poisoning at a restaurant in Spain.[8] Johnson lost both weight and strength. He was the favorite to win the 200 m going into the Olympics, but he could do no better than sixth in his semifinal heat, and failed to reach the200 m final by 0.16 seconds. Nevertheless, he was able to race as a member of the 4 × 400 m relay team, which won agold medal and set a new world-record time of 2:55.74. Johnson ran his leg in a time of 44.73.
He won the 1993 U.S. title in the 400 m, and followed it withworld titles in both the400 m and4 × 400 m relay. His 42.94 second split time in the 4 × 400 m relay remains the fastest 400 meters in history.[2] At the1995 World Championships inGothenburg, Johnson won his first200 m and400 m "double". No elite-level male track athlete had accomplished this in a major meet in the 20th century.[8] At the end he made it a "triple" by adding another title in the4 × 400 m relay.
In June 1996, Johnson was 28 when he ran the 200-m in 19.66 seconds at the U.S. Olympic Trials, breakingPietro Mennea's record of 19.72 seconds that had stood for nearly 17 years.[9] With that performance he qualified to run at the1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta and prepared to attempt to win both the 200 meters and 400 meters events, a feat never before achieved by a male athlete.[8] (Two women have won Olympic gold medals in both races in the same year:Valerie Brisco-Hooks in the1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, andMarie-José Pérec, in the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta.)
Johnson entered the Olympic finals donning a custom-designed pair of golden-coloredNike racing spikes made withZytel, causing him to be nicknamed "The Man With the Golden Shoes". Sources differ on the exact weight of these shoes; the manufacturer of the spikes claims they weighed 3 ounces (85 g) each,[10] while other sources state each shoe weighed about 94 grams (3.3 oz).[11] The left shoe was a US size 10.5 while the right shoe was a US size 11, to account for Johnson's longer right foot.[10]
On July 29, Johnson easily captured the400 m Olympic title with an Olympic record time of 43.49 seconds, 0.92 seconds ahead of silver medalistRoger Black of Great Britain. At the200 m final on August 1, Johnson ran the opening 100 meters in 10.12 seconds and finished the race in a world-record time of 19.32 seconds, breaking by more than three tenths of a second the previous record he had set in the U.S. Olympic Trials, on the same track one month earlier—thelargest improvement ever on a 200 m world record. Some commentators compared the performance toBob Beamon's record-shatteringlong jump at the1968 Summer Olympics inMexico City.[2] During the race, Johnson strained a muscle in his leg, which prevented him from winning his third gold medal of the Olympics in the4 × 400 m relay as Team USA went on to win the gold even without him.[12]
After the 1996 season ended, Johnson received theJames E. Sullivan Award as the top amateur athlete in any sport in the United States,[13] and was namedABC'sWide World of Sports Athlete of the Year. In August,HarperCollins published his biographical/motivational book,Slaying the Dragon: How to Turn Your Small Steps to Great Feats.
After the end of the1996 Summer Olympics, AmericanSportscasterBob Costas claimed that Johnson was faster than 100 m Gold medalistDonovan Bailey because Johnson's 200 m time (19.32 Seconds) divided by 2 (9.66 Seconds) was shorter than Bailey's 100 m time (9.84).[14] This started a debate on whether Johnson or Bailey was the real "World's Fastest Man", which in turn resulted in a150 m race between the two, in which Bailey won after Johnson, already behind in the race, alleged to have injured hishamstring.[15]
After recovering from the injury, Johnson was able to compete for his third 400 m world title. TheIAAF invented a new policy of giving a "bye" to the defending champions essentially to allow Johnson to compete in theIAAF World Championships that year, because Johnson was unable to qualify the conventional method (by competing in theUSA Outdoor Track and Field Championships) due to his injury from the race with Bailey. More than a month after the U.S. Championships, Johnson had recovered from his injury and won the400 meters at the1997 World Championships inAthens.
At the1998 Goodwill Games in New York City, Johnson anchored the U.S. 4 × 400 m relay team withJerome Young,Antonio Pettigrew, andTyree Washington to a win and set a world record of 2:54.20. Pettigrew has since admitted doping from 1997, while Young was caught doping in 1999.[16] The world record was annulled by the IAAF in August 2008, and reverted to the time of 2:54:29 Johnson helped set in the 1993 World Championships.[17]
Johnson was plagued by injury in 1999, and his following season was troubled with two injury scares that limited him to just four 400 m races before the1999 World Championships inSeville. Were it not for theIAAF policy established two years earlier for Johnson, that allowed automatic entry to defending champions, he could not have raced in Seville since he failed to compete in the U.S. trials due to his injury. He recovered and won his fourth400 meter world title with a new world-record time of 43.18 seconds at the relatively late age of 31 years and 11 months, which stood for 12 days short of 17 years before being beaten at the2016 Olympics by theSouth AfricanWayde van Niekerk. Johnson's splits for this world record were 21.22 seconds for the opening 200 meters and 21.96 seconds for the closing 200 meters, giving a differential of 0.74 seconds.
After qualifying for the2000 Summer Olympics in the 400 m, Johnson sustained an injury in the 2000 U.S. Olympic Trials for the 200 meters while racing in a highly anticipated matchup against the 100 m and 200 m world champion,Maurice Greene. The injury prevented a defense of his 200 m Olympic title. Johnson ended his career at theSydney Olympics by winning the gold medal in the 400 m, which brought his total number of Olympic gold medals to four. By winning the 400 m at the age of 33 years 12 days, he earned the distinction of being the oldest Olympic gold medalist at any track event shorter than 5000 m. Johnson was also the anchor of the United States 4 × 400 relay team along withAlvin Harrison,Antonio Pettigrew, andCalvin Harrison, which originally won the gold medal, but was later stripped of the title after Pettigrew andJerome Young (who ran in the heats) were found guilty of having used performance-enhancing drugs.
On July 18, 2004, theInternational Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) ruled thatJerome Young was ineligible to compete in Sydney and annulled all his past results, including those achieved as part of relay teams. Young had competed for the USA team in the heats and semi-final of this event. Therefore, the United States team was stripped of the gold medal and Nigeria, Jamaica, and the Bahamas were moved up one position each.[18] On July 22, 2005, theCourt of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) overturned this decision and restored the original finish order of the race based on a ruling that a team should not be disqualified because of a doping offense by an athlete who did not compete in the finals.[19] Then in June 2008,Antonio Pettigrew "admitted in court he cheated to win" by using banned performance-enhancing substances, and agreed to return his gold medal.[20] Johnson announced that he would return his own gold medal, won as part of the relay team with Pettigrew. Johnson stated that he felt "cheated, betrayed and let down" by what Pettigrew had done at the Games.[21] Pettigrew died by suicide in 2010.
Johnson has run 200 m in under 19.80 seconds six times, and he has run the distance in less than 20 seconds twenty-three times. He holds nine of the top 50 200 m performances of all time.[22] Johnson has run twenty-two 400 m races in under 44 seconds; he holds twenty-two of the top 50 and four of the top ten 400 m performances of all time.[22] Over the course of his career, he twice set the world record in the 200 m, three times set the world record as part of the 4 × 400 m relay team, twice set the indoor 400 m world record, set the outdoor 400 m world record once, and set the 300 m mark once.
| Year | 100 meters | 200 meters | 400 meters |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1986 | — | 21.30 | — |
| 1987 | — | 20.41 | 46.29 |
| 1988 | — | 20.07 | 45.23 |
| 1989 | 10.29 | 20.05 | 46.49 |
| 1990 | — | 19.85 | 44.21 |
| 1991 | 10.23 | 19.88 | 43.89 |
| 1992 | — | 19.79 | 43.98 |
| 1993 | 10.12 | 20.06 | 43.65 |
| 1994 | 10.09 | 19.94 | 43.90 |
| 1995 | — | 19.79 | 43.39 |
| 1996 | 10.12+ | 19.32 | 43.44 |
| 1997 | — | 20.05 | 43.75 |
| 1998 | — | 20.31 | 43.68 |
| 1999 | — | 19.93 | 43.18 |
| 2000 | — | 19.71 | 43.68 |
Johnson was elected to theUnited States Track and Field Hall of Fame in 2004, where his 200 m performance at the 1996 Olympics was named the greatest track and field moment of the last 25 years.[2]
Since retiring from competitive track in 2001,[23][24] Johnson has worked as a television commentator, often for theBBC in the United Kingdom, where he has also written columns for theDaily Telegraph andThe Times newspapers. Johnson first appeared for the BBC in 2001 at the World Championships.[25][26] He subsequently was part of the BBC's presenting team at the2004 Olympic Games inAthens,2008 Olympic Games inBeijing,2012 Olympic Games inLondon,2016 Olympic Games inRio de Janeiro,2020 Olympic Games inTokyo, and2024 Olympic Games inParis.[27][28][29][30][31][32] In addition, he has worked on the2002 Commonwealth Games inManchester,2006 Commonwealth Games inMelbourne,2010 Commonwealth Games inDelhi,2014 Commonwealth Games inGlasgow,2018 Commonwealth Games inGold Coast and2022 Commonwealth Games inBirmingham.[33][34][35][36][37][38] He was in the BBC commentary booth for themen's 400 meters final in Rio de Janeiro to see his world record broken byWayde van Niekerk, saying about van Niekerk's performance, "Oh my God! From lane eight, a world record. He took it out so quick. I have never seen anything from 200 to 400 like that. That was a massacre from Wayde van Niekerk. He just put those guys away."[39]
Johnson guest-starred in the 2002 film,The Master of Disguise, as one of the disguises Fabbrizio (James Brolin) takes on to borrow theU.S. Constitution, as part of a scheme by Devlin Bowman (Brent Spiner) to steal the world's greatest treasures. Incidentally, one of the guards in that scene happens to be played by another actor namedMichael Johnson.
In 2007 Johnson opened Michael Johnson Performance, atMcKinney, Texas, a training facility for youth athletes aged 9 to 18 and professional athletes in all sports.[40] The company works with Olympic teams and football clubs and has operations around the world. Michael Johnson Performance currently works withArsenal, assisting in the development of young players in their academy.[41]
In June 2008, Johnson voluntarily returned the 4 × 400 m relay gold medal he earned in the 2000 Olympics afterAntonio Pettigrew, who ran the second leg, admitted he took performance-enhancing drugs between 1997 and 2001.[42] Pettigrew made his admission while giving testimony in the trial of coachTrevor Graham for his role in theBALCO scandal. On August 2, 2008, the International Olympic Committee stripped the gold medal from the U.S. men's 4 × 400-meter relay team.[16] Three of the four runners in the event final, including Pettigrew and twinsAlvin andCalvin Harrison, and preliminary round runnerJerome Young, all have admitted or tested positive for performance-enhancing drugs.[16] Only Johnson andAngelo Taylor, who also ran in preliminary rounds, were not implicated.[16] Johnson had already returned his medal because, as he said, he felt the medal was not won fairly.[16]
Johnson appeared as a contestant on NBC's 9th season ofThe Celebrity Apprentice (2010), placing 10th after exiting the show due to a personal issue on the fifth episode of the season first airing April 11, 2010.
As part of the build-up to the2012 Summer Olympics, Johnson made a documentary,Survival of the Fastest, forChannel 4 which investigated the dominance ofAfrican-American andAfrican-Caribbean sprinters.[43] The program made the suggestion that a side effect of theslave trade may have been to acceleratenatural selection as only the very fittest could survive the brutal process, resulting in a populationpredisposed to superior athletic performance.
Johnson was one of the Olympic torch bearers in the relay in the run up to theLondon 2012 Olympics, carrying it toStonehenge andSalisbury Cathedral in Wiltshire.[44]
In the summer of 2018, Johnson was co-captain and a coach for Godspeed, aflag football team made of former professionalAmerican football players that participated in theAmerican Flag Football League (AFFL). The team were crowned the champions of participating pro teams but lost in the final match to the amateur champion team.[45]
In September 2018, Johnson suffered a stroke that affected his left side. By November, he stated he was almost "back to normal", and attributed his successful recovery to the "Olympic mindset".[46][47] In connection with his 54th birthday in 2021, he states that he has fully recovered.[48]
In 2024, he launched a new Track and Field League,Grand Slam Track, ahead of the2025 season start.[49]
As of 2008 Johnson lived inMarin County, California, with his second wife Armine Shamiryan, a chef, and his daughter Selendis Sebastian, born in 2000 during his first marriage to entertainment reporter Kerry D'Oyen.[2][50]
He has been a regular pundit for the BBC since 2001 and part of the Olympics broadcasting team since Athens 2004
Related | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| People | |
