Mińsk Mazowiecki | |
|---|---|
 Aerial view of Mińsk Mazowiecki | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Mińsk Mazowiecki | |
| Coordinates:52°11′N21°34′E / 52.183°N 21.567°E /52.183; 21.567 | |
| Country |  Poland |
| Voivodeship |  Masovian |
| County | Mińsk |
| Gmina | Mińsk Mazowiecki(urban gmina) |
| Established | 14th century |
| Town rights | 1421, 29 May |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Marcin Jakubowski |
| Area | |
• Total | 13.12 km2 (5.07 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 147 m (482 ft) |
| Population (2020) | |
• Total | 40,999 |
| • Density | 3,125/km2 (8,094/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 05-300, 301, 303 |
| Area code | +48 025 |
| Car plates | WM |
| Website | http://www.minsk-maz.pl |
Mińsk Mazowiecki (Polish pronunciation:[ˈmij̃skmazɔˈvjɛtskʲi]ⓘ,lit. 'Masovian Minsk') is a town in eastern Poland with 40,999 inhabitants (2020).[1] It is situated in theMasovian Voivodeship and is a part of theWarsaw metropolitan area. It is the capital ofMińsk County. Located 20 kilometers from the city limits of Warsaw and 38 kilometers from Warsaw's center.
The source of the town nameMińsk is the Mienia River, which in turn derives from the verb'mienić', which means 'to shine'. The postnominal adjective 'Mazowiecki' shows the historical connection toMazovia and distinguishes Mińsk Mazowiecki (English:“Masovian Minsk”) from the Belarusian capital ofMinsk.
Mińsk Mazowiecki is located historically in the region ofMazovia and administratively in the eastern part ofMasovian Voivodeship, 37 kilometres (23 miles) east fromWarsaw's Center and 20 kilometres (12 miles) from Warsaw's border.
The first mention of a settlement with commercial function comes from the 14th century. On 29 May 1421, DukeJanusz I of Warsaw from thePiast dynasty granted Mińsktown privileges. The first wooden church was built in 1422, however, it was not preserved. In 1549, the town of Sendomierz was located on the other side of Srebrna River. In 1629, the present church was opened. In 1695, Sendomierz was merged with Mińsk. The 18th century was a time of gradual decline of Mińsk connected with gradual decline of thePolish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Following theThird Partition of Poland, in 1795, the town was annexed byAustria. After the Polish victory in theAustro-Polish War of 1809, it became part of the short-lived PolishDuchy of Warsaw. After the duchy's dissolution, in 1815, it became part ofRussian-controlledCongress Poland. During theNovember Uprising, it was the site of two battles between Polish insurgents and Russian troops, fought on 26 April and 14 July 1831.[2]
In 1866, the Mińsk County was established, and the first train arrived to Mińsk (Warsaw–Terespol Railway). In 1867, the name of the town was changed to Nowomińsk (Novominsk). In 1870, the Dernałowicz Family became the last owners of the town (up to theSecond World War). In 1886, the first bookstore in eastMazovia was founded in the town.
In 1910 or 1912, the Maria Grochowska's School was opened (present-dayPolska Macierz Szkolna High School). In 1914, the old church was reopened after reconstruction, and the following year the present hospital was opened.
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DuringWorld War I, it was occupied by Germany from 1915 to 1918. In 1916, the town was renamed toMińsk Mazowiecki. In 1918, Poland regained independence and control of Mińsk. During thePolish–Soviet War, it was briefly occupied by the Russians on 16 August 1920, and then recaptured by the Poles the next day.[3] On 18 August 1920 MarshalJózef Piłsudski stayed in the town.[3] In the interbellum, the town enjoyed great development, and in 1937 the first electric train arrived. The7th Lublin Uhlan Regiment was stationed in Mińsk Mazowiecki in the interbellum, and nowadays there is a museum dedicated to the unit in the town.
On 13 September 1939, it was the site of the Battle of Mińsk Mazowiecki between Poles led by GeneralWładysław Anders and the invading German army. Afterwards it fell underGerman occupation. In 1939, someexpelled Poles fromBarcin,Kępno,Ostrzeszów,Rychtal andSzubin were deported to Mińsk Mazowiecki.[4][5] In October 1940, the occupiers established theMińsk Mazowiecki Ghetto, which was eventually liquidated on 21 July 1942, with most of the Jewish residents murdered at theTreblinka extermination camp in one of the first episodes ofthe Holocaust. Two Poles who were held by the Germans in the local prison forrescuing Jews were liberated by thePolish resistance.[6] On 30 July 1944, Mińsk Mazowiecki was liberated by the Polish undergroundHome Army (prelude to theWarsaw Uprising), however, the Soviets occupied the town the next day. On 2–3 March 1945, the Soviets carried out executions of the local Polish elite, including Mayor Hipolit Konopka. After the war, the town was restored to Poland, although with a Soviet-installed communist regime, which stayed in power until theFall of Communism in the 1980s.
In 1952, theZNTK Mińsk Mazowiecki train construction factory was founded. In 1957, Mińsk Mazowiecki became a military garrison. A new train station was opened in 1979.Solidarity events took place in 1985. In 1990, Zbigniew Grzesiak was elected Mayor in first post-WWII free elections. In 1999, the Mińsk County was established.
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In 1768, the restrictions on permanent residence for Jewish people in Mińsk had been lifted.[7] From the 19th century to the 1930s, it became very popular. Before theSecond World War, there were thousands of Jews living in Mińsk, and they had a general synagogue and smaller temples. The Novominsk hasidic dynasty was founded here in the late 19th century by Rabbi Yaakov Perlow, a descendant of the Baal Shem Tov.
Soon after the war began, theGermans created theMińsk Ghetto. It was liquidated on 21 July 1942. Most of the Jews were murdered inTreblinka extermination camp sent inHolocaust trains by the thousands. The remaining Jewish population were murdered in Mińsk on 10 January 1943 (500 people) and 5 June (the last 150 people).
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Culture:
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Overall: 13.12 square kilometres (5.07 sq mi)
Cities:
Estates built as part of Mińsk:
Villages:
Mińsk Mazowiecki istwinned with:[8]
Borodianka, Ukraine
Krnov, Czech Republic
Lacey, United States
Pefki, Greece
Saint-Égrève, France
Telšiai, Lithuania
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