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 Mexico |  South Korea |
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The nations ofMexico andSouth Korea established diplomatic relations in 1962.[1] Both nations are members of theAsia-Pacific Economic Cooperation,Forum of East Asia–Latin America Cooperation,G-20 major economies,Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and theUnited Nations.
The first contact between the peninsula ofKorea and Mexico took place whenSpanish born and Mexican born Jesuits fromNew Spain (modern-day Mexico) arrived to Korea to preach Christianity.[2] Since initial contacts, there would be almost no further direct contact between the two nations and any contact at all would have been done with Korean trading ships coming toManila (capital of the Spanish crown in thePhilippines) and their goods and merchandise traveling by Spanishgalleons to present day Mexico. In 1905, a Korean ship called theIlford arrived in southern Mexico carrying approximately 1,033 Korean migrants. These migrants eventually settled in the Mexican state ofYucatán.[3]
During theKorean War, unlike several Latin American nations, Mexico decided to remain neutral and not send troops to the Korean peninsula, however, approximately 100,000 Mexicans (and of Mexican descent) did fight inKorea under the command the United States Armed Forces as well as under theUnited Nations flag.[4][5]
On 26 January 1962, Mexico and South Korea formally established diplomatic relations. That same year, South Korea opened an embassy inMexico City.[1] Initially, Mexico conducted relations with South Korea from its embassy inTokyo,Japan. In March 1968, South Korea dedicated aFriendship Pavilion to Mexico and placed it inChapultepec Park.[2] In 1978, Mexico opened an embassy inSeoul.[2]
In 1991, South Korean PresidentRoh Tae-woo became the first South Korean head of state to visit Mexico andLatin-America. In 1996, Mexican PresidentErnesto Zedillo reciprocated the visit to South Korea. Since then, there have been several high level visits between the two nations.[2]
In 2017, both nations celebrated 112 years since the first Korean migration to Mexico.[2] In 2021, the Mexican Government created the Establishment of the Association of Mexican Veterans of the Korean War.[4]
In 2022, both nations celebrated 60 years of diplomatic relations.[6] In July of that same year, Mexican Foreign MinisterMarcelo Ebrard paid a visit to South Korea to continue the conversations for a free trade agreement between both nations that were initiated in 2012.[7]
Presidential visits from Mexico to South Korea[2]
Presidential visits from South Korea to Mexico[2]
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Both nations have signed several bilateral agreements such as an Agreement on Cultural Cooperation (1966); Agreement on Trade (1966); Agreement on Air Transportation (1988); Agreement on Economic, Scientific and Technical Cooperation (1989); Agreement to Avoid Double Taxation and Prevent Fiscal Evasion with respect to Income Taxes (1994); Extradition Treaty (1996); Agreement on Tourism Cooperation (1996); Agreement on the Promotion and Reciprocal Protection of Investments (2000); Agreement on Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters (2005); Agreement on Cooperation and Mutual Assistance in Customs Matters (2005) and an Agreement for Cooperation in the Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy (2012).[2][8]
In 2018, 130,000 South Korean citizens visited Mexico for tourism.[3] In 2017, over 8,000 Mexican citizens visited South Korea for tourism.[2] There are direct flights between both nations withAeroméxico.
In 2012, Mexico and South Korea began negotiations on afree trade agreement. In 2023, trade between the two nations amounted to US$23.2 billion.[9] Mexico's main exports to South Korea include: piston and rotary engines, parts and accessories of motor vehicles, aluminum, rubber and tires, chemical based products, fruits and vegetables, meat, and alcohol. South Korea's main exports to Mexico include: machinery, electronic equipment, cars, parts and accessories for motor vehicles, video games and consoles, iron and steel, chemical based products, and food based products.[9]
South Korea is Mexico's sixth biggest trading partner globally and South Korean foreign direct investment in Mexico between 1999 and 2023 amounted to over US$10.5 billion.[9] There are 2,032 South Korean companies investing in Mexico. Several South Korean multinational companies operating in Mexico include:LG,Hyundai,KEPCO,Kia Motors,KOGAS,Posco andSamsung (among others). Mexican multinational companies such asGrupo Bimbo, Grupo Promax, Katcon,KidZania andVitro (among others) operate in South Korea.[10]
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