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Metropolitan line

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
London Underground line
For other uses, seeMetropolitan line (disambiguation).

Metropolitan line
A grey, blue and red S8 stock train waiting at the platform at Croxley station
A northbound S8 Stock Metropolitan line train atCroxley heading toWatford
Overview
Termini
  • Baker Street, Aldgate
  • Uxbridge, Watford, Chesham, Amersham
Stations34 (10 step free)
Colour onmapMagenta[1][2]
Websitetfl.gov.uk/tube/route/metropolitanEdit this at Wikidata
Service
Type
SystemLondon Underground
Depot(s)Neasden
Rolling stockS8 Stock
Ridership93.670 million (2019)[3] passenger journeys
History
Opened10 January 1863; 162 years ago (1863-01-10)
Last extension1925
Technical
Line length67 km (42 mi)
Number of tracks2, except
CharacterSub-surface
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)standard gauge
ElectrificationFourth rail, 750 V DC
Operating speed62 mph (100 km/h) maximum
London Underground
Bakerloo
Central
Circle
District
Hammersmith & City
Jubilee
Metropolitan
Northern
Piccadilly
Victoria
Waterloo & City
London Overground
Liberty
Lioness
Mildmay
Suffragette
Weaver
Windrush
Other TfL Modes
DLR
Elizabeth line
London Trams

TheMetropolitan line, colloquially known as theMet,[4] is aLondon Underground line betweenAldgate in theCity of London andAmersham andChesham inBuckinghamshire, with branches toWatford inHertfordshire andUxbridge inHillingdon. Printed inmagenta on thetube map, the line is 41.4 miles (66.7 km) long and serves 34 stations. Between Aldgate andFinchley Road, the track lies mostly in shallow "cut and cover" tunnels, apart from short sections atBarbican and Farringdon stations. The rest of the line is above ground, with aloading gauge similar to those of main lines. Almost94 million passenger journeys were made on the line in 2019.

This line is one of two Underground lines that cross the Greater London boundary and proceed outwards into theHome Counties, the other being theCentral line. It is the only Underground line with an express service at peak times; the longer distance between stations means trains can achieve the system's highest speeds, up to 62 miles per hour (100 km/h), on some sections.

In 1863, theMetropolitan Railway was the world's first underground railway. It first ran betweenPaddington andFarringdon, with wooden carriages and steam locomotives, subsequently extending north-westwards into theMiddlesex countryside, where it stimulated the development of new suburbs. Harrow was reached in 1880, and ultimately the line continued as far asVerney Junction, in Buckinghamshire, more than 50 miles (80 km) fromBaker Street. From the end of the 19th century, the railway shared tracks with theGreat Central Railway out ofMarylebone. The central London lines were electrified by 1907, but electric locomotives were exchanged for steam locomotives on trains heading north of Harrow. After the railway was absorbed by theLondon Passenger Transport Board in 1933, the line was cut back toAylesbury. Steam trains ran until 1961, when the line was electrified to, and services were curtailed at, Amersham. TheHammersmith & City line was shown on the tube map as a part of the Metropolitan line until 1990, when it appeared as a separate line. The currentS8 Stock trains entered service between 2010 and 2012, replacing theA Stock trains, which had served since 1961.

The section between Aldgate and Baker Street is shared with theCircle line; between Liverpool Street and Baker Street with theHammersmith & City line; betweenRayners Lane and Uxbridge with thePiccadilly line; and betweenHarrow-on-the-Hill and Amersham with theLondon–Aylesbury line operated byChiltern Railways. Baker Street is the southbound terminus for some trains not continuing to Aldgate. Most of the route has two tracks, except for the single-trackChesham branch and a four-track section betweenWembley Park andMoor Park, which allows fast and semi-fast services to overtake "all stations" trains. There are four tracks between Wembley Park and Finchley Road: only the outer ones are used by the Metropolitan line's non-stop trains; the inner pair was transferred to theBakerloo line in 1939 (and became theJubilee line in 1979) with services calling at all stations.

History

[edit]

Metropolitan Railway

[edit]
Main article:Metropolitan Railway
Construction of the Metropolitan line near King's Cross station (1861)

The Metropolitan Railway, also known asthe Met, was a passenger and goods railway that served London from 1863 to 1933, its main line heading north-west fromthe City to what were to become theMiddlesex suburbs. Its first line connected the mainline railway termini atPaddington,Euston andKing's Cross to the City, built beneath theNew Road using thecut-and-cover method between Paddington and King's Cross, and in tunnel and cuttings besideFarringdon Road from King's Cross to nearSmithfield. The world's first underground railway, it opened on 10 January 1863 with gas-lit wooden carriages hauled by steam locomotives. The line operated at a frequency of three trains per hour, rising to four trains per hour during the peak periods.[5][6][7] In the 1871 plans for an underground railway in Paris, it was called theMétropolitain.[8]

The railway was soon extended from both ends and northwards via a branch fromBaker Street. It reachedHammersmith in 1864 andRichmond in 1877; it completed theInner Circle in 1884,[9] but the most important route became the line west and north-west into the Middlesex countryside, where it stimulated the development of new suburbs.Harrow was reached in 1880, and ultimately, as far asVerney Junction inBuckinghamshire, more than 50 miles (80 kilometres) from Baker Street. From the end of the 19th century, the railway shared tracks with theGreat Central Railway route out ofMarylebone.[10]

12Sarah Siddons with vintage train at Hammersmith

Electric traction was introduced in 1905 withelectric multiple units operating between Uxbridge, Harrow-on-the-Hill and Baker Street. To remove steam and smoke from the tunnels in central London, the railway purchasedelectric locomotives, exchanged for steam locomotives at Harrow from 1908.[11] In 1910, a seventeen-minute silent film was made showing large portions of the journey from Baker Street to Aylesbury and Uxbridge, seen from the cab of a train.[12]

Unlike other railways in the London area, the Met developed land for housing, thusbenefitting from the increase in the value of its land caused by the building of the railway. AfterWorld War I it promoted its housing estates near the railway with the "Metro-land" brand.

To improve services, more powerful electric and steam locomotives were purchased in the 1920s. A short branch opened from Rickmansworth to Watford in 1925. AfterWorld War I, the 4-mile (6.4 km) Stanmore branch was built from Wembley Park.[13]

London Transport

[edit]
Main article:Metropolitan line (1933–1988)
T Stock train passing Neasden Depot in 1959

On 1 July 1933, the Metropolitan was amalgamated with other Underground railways, tramway companies and bus operators to form theLondon Passenger Transport Board, and a period of rationalisation followed.

While the Metropolitan was run as an outer suburban route with steam-hauled trains and goods services, the LPTB wished to focus on electrified trains and suburban traffic. Goods services were passed to theLondon and North Eastern Railway, which also took over the role of providing steam locomotives for trains beyond the end of electrification at Rickmansworth. All services north-west ofAylesbury were withdrawn by 1936[14] though services returned toQuainton Road between 1943 and 1948.[15]

The 1930s was a period of rapid growth for the north-western suburbs of London, and LPTB developed ambitious plans to simplify the Metropolitan line and expand capacity. Several stations on the Uxbridge branch were rebuilt, replacing temporary wooden buildings with modernist designs and giving Uxbridge station a new site in the town centre. A major bottleneck in the line, the double-track tunnel from Baker Street to Finchley Road, was bypassed by boring two tube tunnels underneath the Metropolitan tunnels, transferring slow services and theStanmore branch to theBakerloo line.[16] (This route was transferred to theJubilee line in 1979.)[17] In 1936, the line was extended east fromWhitechapel toBarking along the tracks of the District line.[18] London Transport inherited incompatibleelectric multiple units from the railway, including the 1927–33 multiple-unit compartment stock used on routes to Watford and Rickmansworth, and these were refurbished to form a uniform fleet and designatedLondon Underground T Stock.[19] In the 1950s,F Stock trains, with sliding doors under the control of the guard, were transferred from the District line; these mainly worked the semi-fast Harrow and Uxbridge services.[20]

A Stock vehicles at Rayners Lane in their original unpainted livery

A major rebuilding of the main line from Wembley Park to Amersham was planned in the 1930s but delayed by the war. The line from Wembley to Harrow was rebuilt immediately after the war and the project was completed from 1956 to 1962, on a more modest scale than originally planned. Until 1961, passenger trains continued to be attached to a steam locomotive atRickmansworth to run to Aylesbury. The rebuilding electrified the line from Rickmansworth to Amersham, transferring all Aylesbury services to British Railways. A pair of fast lines was added from Harrow to north of Moor Park by 1962, allowing outer-suburban trains to run fast to Moor Park.[21][failed verification] AluminiumA stock, originally unpainted, replaced the T stock and locomotive-hauled trains. More A Stock trains were built in 1962–63 to replace the trains on the Uxbridge service, giving the main line a single train type for all services. A Stock was four-car units that could operate as four- or eight-car trains;[22] normally operated as eight cars, a four-car unit operated the Chesham shuttle.[23]One person operation of the trains was proposed in 1972, but due to conflict with the trade unions was not introduced on the line until 1986.[24]

A separate identity

[edit]
A stock at Amersham

Although theEast London line had been an isolated shuttle since 1939,[18] it was shown on London Underground maps as part of the Metropolitan line until 1968.[25] In 1970, it was shown with a thin white line in the middle and labelled the "East London section".[26] By the 1985 map, it had become the "East London Line", remaining the same colour as the Metropolitan line with a white line in the middle,[27] changed to orange by the 1990 map.[28] In 1990, theHammersmith & City line became a separate line from Hammersmith to Whitechapel (Barking during the peak), the Metropolitan line being from Aldgate to Baker Street and northwards to Amersham with branches to Chesham, Uxbridge and Watford.[18][28]

In 2003, the infrastructure was partly privatised in apublic–private partnership managed by theMetronet consortium. Metronet enteredadministration in 2007 andTransport for London took over responsibilities.[29]

On 12 December 2010, the service to Amersham was reduced from four trains per hour to two, and a direct service between Chesham and central London was introduced, replacing the 4-car Chesham to Chalfont & Latimer shuttle.[30] The final passenger services operated by the A Stock ran on 26 September 2012,[31] followed by a ticketed publicrailtour on 29 September.[32]

Route

[edit]
The route of the Metropolitan line through theGreater London Boroughs and theEnglish Counties ofHertfordshire andBuckinghamshire. More details of the route between Baker Street and Aldgate are shown onCircle line: Map
Metropolitan line
Dates relate to Metropolitan Railway operations
AldgateCircle line (London Underground)
Joint section withCircle andH&C lines
Liverpool StreetCentral line (London Underground)Hammersmith & City LineLondon OvergroundElizabeth lineNational Rail
MoorgateNorthern LineElizabeth LineNational Rail
BarbicanElizabeth Line
FarringdonElizabeth LineNational RailThameslink
Ray Street gridiron
Clerkenwell
(unbuilt)
King's Cross(original site)
King's Cross St Pancras
Northern LinePiccadilly LineVictoria Line
National RailThameslinkEurostar
Euston Square
Great Portland Street
Baker StreetBakerloo LineCircle line (London Underground)Hammersmith & City LineJubilee Line
Non-stop section
Lord's
1868–1939
St John's Wood (Jubilee Line)
Marlborough Road
1868–1939
Swiss Cottage (Jubilee Line)
1868–1940
Finchley RoadJubilee Line
Non-stop section
West Hampstead (Jubilee LineLondon Overground)
1879–1940
Kilburn (Jubilee Line)
1879–1940
Willesden Green (Jubilee Line)
Dollis Hill (Jubilee Line)
1909–1940
Neasden (Jubilee Line)
Wembley ParkJubilee Line
former Stanmore branch
 nowJubilee line
Kingsbury
1932–1939
Queensbury
1934–1939
Canons Park
1932–1939
Stanmore
1932–1939
Preston Road(original site)
1908–1932
Preston Road
Northwick Park
Harrow-on-the-HillNational Rail
West Harrow
Rayners LanePiccadilly Line
Eastcote
Ruislip Manor
Ruislip
Ickenham
Hillingdon(original site)
1923–1992
Hillingdon
Uxbridge depot
Uxbridge(original site)
1904–1938
Uxbridge
North Harrow
Pinner
Northwood Hills
Northwood
Moor Park
Watford curve
Croxley
proposedCroxley Rail Link
Cassiobridge
Watford Vicarage Road
Watford High Street
Watford Junction
Watford
Rickmansworth
Chorleywood
Chalfont & LatimerNational Rail
Chesham
AmershamNational Rail
to Verney Junction & Brill branch
Great Missenden
1892–1961
Wendover
1892–1961
Stoke Mandeville
1892–1961
Aylesbury(original site)
1892–1893
Aylesbury
1894–1961
Aylesbury Vale Parkway
Waddesdon
1897–1936
Quainton Road
1896–1936
1943–1948
Quainton Road(original site)
1891–1896
Granborough Road
1891–1936
Winslow Road
1891–1936
Verney Junction
1891–1936
Waddesdon Road
1899–1935
Westcott
1899–1935
Wotton
1899–1935
Wood Siding
1899–1935
Brill
1899–1935

The Metropolitan line is 41.6 miles (67 km) long and serves 34 stations.[33] It is electrified with a four-rail DC system: a central conductor rail is energised at –250 V and a rail outside the running rail at +500 V, giving a potential difference of 750 V, except for the section from Uxbridge to Finchley Road (via Harrow-on-the-Hill) which is energised at –210 V and +420 V respectively (630 V potential difference) to maintain compatibility with1973 Stock and1996 Stock that runs in those areas.[34][35] The first 6 miles (9.7 km) fromAldgate are below ground,[36] shared with theCircle and Hammersmith & City lines to Baker Street, where the line diverges, remaining in tunnel untilFinchley Road.[37] Metropolitan line trains essentially skip two stops between Baker Street and Finchley Road, with the Jubilee line serving the intermediate stations on an adjacent parallel line. The Jubilee line then joins the Metropolitan line in the same right-of-way at Finchley Road. Metropolitan line trains then run express from Finchley Road toWembley Park, with the Jubilee line serving the intermediate stations. Metropolitan line platforms atWillesden Green andNeasden remain for emergency use.[38] At Wembley Park the Jubilee line diverges to the Stanmore branch at a grade-separated junction. From just after Finchley Road, these four tracks run parallel with theNetwork RailChiltern Main Line fromMarylebone.[37]

Between Wembley Park andHarrow-on-the-Hill, the Metropolitan is four-track, with fast and slow lines paired by direction, paralleling the two-track un-electrifiedLondon–Aylesbury line. The slow lines are between the fast lines, and the two intermediate stations have island platforms.[37] Harrow-on-the-Hill has platforms on all six lines.[37] The central slow lines diverge here at agrade-separated junction to become the 7.5 miles (12.1 km) Uxbridge branch. AfterWest Harrow, atRayners Lane the line is joined by thePiccadilly line, which shares the tracks to Uxbridge; aturnback siding allows some Piccadilly line services to terminate at Rayners Lane.[37][39]

On the main line between Harrow-on-the-Hill andMoor Park, the line is four-track, paired by use. The western fast tracks are shared with Aylesbury line services from Marylebone; the eastern slow tracks have platforms at the intermediate stations.

North of Moor Park, the Watford branch diverges from the slow lines.[37] This double-track branch has stations atCroxley andWatford.[37][40] The Watford branch has atriangle junction with the main line, with a north-facing curve betweenCroxley andRickmansworth. This route, Watford North Curve, is used daily for a few services and empty stock movements.[41]

From the Watford triangle toAmersham, the line has two tracks. AtChalfont & Latimer, the 3.89 miles (6.26 km)single-trackChesham branch diverges, running parallel to the main line for a distance.[33][37] The Metropolitan line ends at Amersham, where there are turnback sidings just beyond the platforms. The route continues toAylesbury with Chiltern Railways trains only.[42]

The fast (non-stopping) lines between Wembley Park and Harrow on the Hill are signalled with LUL signalling, but using four-aspect Network Rail signal heads.[43] The upper two lights are a two-aspect stop signal displaying either a green or red aspect, the lower two lights a repeater signal for the next stop signal ahead showing a green or yellow aspect, or no aspect when the stop signal shows a red aspect. Thus they are effectively four-light three-aspect signals with green/red/green/yellow lights from the top, danger being a single red light, caution the top green light over a yellow light, and clear two green lights.[43]

The Metropolitan line's suburban rail character opposed to other London Underground lines is also shown by the long distances between stops. Eight of the top 10 furthest apart stations on the Underground are on the Metropolitan line. The section between Chalfont & Latimer and Chesham is the longest at 3.9 miles (6.3 km),[44] whilst the Finchley Road to Wembley Park section is the second longest, and Rickmansworth to Chorleywood the fourth longest overall.

Services

[edit]

The Metropolitan line is the only London Underground line to operate non-stop services through some of its stations, although since 11 December 2011 these only run on weekdays during peak times (southbound in the morning peak, northbound in the evening peak).[45] Depending on the stopping pattern, services are advertised as eitherall-stations,semi-fast orfast on platform information boards and on-train announcements. The stopping pattern of each type of service is as follows:

  • All-stations services call at all stations en route[45]
  • Semi-fast services run non-stop betweenWembley Park andHarrow-on-the-Hill, and call at all other stations en route[45]
  • Fast services run non-stop between Wembley Park and Harrow-on-the-Hill and between Harrow-on-the-Hill andMoor Park[45]
  • In the southbound direction,fast andsemi-fast trains do not usually call at Wembley Park, and instead run non-stop from Harrow-on-the-Hill toFinchley Road[45]

Owing to the track layout,fast services can only run to/fromAmersham orChesham. TheUxbridge branch diverges from the rest of the line before the "fast" section, while theWatford branch is not directly connected with the fast line at Moor Park.[46]

No Metropolitan line trains call at any intermediate stations between Finchley Road and Wembley Park. These stations are served by theJubilee line which runs parallel to the Metropolitan line along this section.[45]

Frequency

[edit]
This section needs to beupdated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(January 2025)

During the off-peak the service pattern on the line, in trains per hour (tph), is as follows:[45]

These services combine to give a total frequency of 16 tph between Baker Street and Harrow-on-the-Hill. Of these, 12 tph run between Aldgate and Baker Street which, together with the 6 tph frequencies on both theCircle andHammersmith & City lines,[47] gives a total of 24 trains every hour on the central-London section between Liverpool Street and Baker Street.

In the morning peak, the southbound service pattern is strengthened to the following:[45]

The northbound frequencies in the morning peak are similar on each route, except most trains run asall-stations services.

Similarly, in the evening peak, the northbound service pattern is strengthened to the following:[45]

The southbound frequencies in the evening peak are similar on each route, except all trains run asall-stations services.

Rolling stock

[edit]
Main article:London Underground S7 and S8 Stock
S8 Stock trains featuring partial transverse seating, reminiscent of the older A Stock trains

Since 20 September 2012, all services have been provided by eight-car S Stock trains[48] introduced in July 2010 to replace the 1960sA Stock.[49] Part of Bombardier'sMovia family, they have air-conditioning, feasible because the sub-surface tunnels, unlike tube tunnels, are able to disperse the exhausted hot air.[50][51] They haveregenerative brakes, returning around 20% of their energy to the network and thus reducing energy consumption.[52] With fewer seats than the older A Stock – 306 compared with 448 – they can accommodate 697 standing passengers, compared with 597 in A Stock,[note 1] and have dedicated space for wheelchairs.[53] They have a top speed of 62 miles per hour (100 km/h),[50] being the only London Underground stock to travel at that speed, doing so on the long-distance sections north of Finchley Road.

There are 58 S8 Stock trains in operation, as well as one eight-car S7 Stock also called 'S7+1' – which retains the all-longitudinal seating of the normal seven-car S7 Stock that is operated on London Underground's other sub-surface lines.

Depot

[edit]
Main article:Neasden Depot

The line is served by a depot at Neasden.[note 2] The Metropolitan Railway opened a carriage works at Neasden in 1882 and the following year the locomotive works were moved from Edgware Road.[54] In 1904–05, the depot was refitted to take the new electric multiple units[55] and accommodation enlarged in 1932–3.[56] After the amalgamation into the LTPB, the depot was rebuilt from 1936 to 1939. The depot was upgraded in 2010–11 to enable it to maintain S Stock trains.[57] Trains are also stored overnight at Uxbridge, Watford, Rickmansworth and Wembley Park.[58]

Steam on the Met

[edit]
LMS Black 5 44932 at Amersham in 1992

In 1989, to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the opening of the Metropolitan to Chesham, the firstSteam on the Met event took place with London Underground running two weekends of steam specials between Chesham and Watford.[59] The event was a success and so in 1990 London Underground ran steam between Harrow and Amersham. In 1992, to celebrate 100 years of the Met at Amersham, the event was extended to five days at the end of May. From 1994, diesel locomotive 20227, owned by the Class 20 Locomotive Society, and electric locomotive Sarah Siddons provided air braking for the coaches.[citation needed] In 1995, trains ran between Amersham and Watford.[60]

Engines used includedBR standard class 5 andBR standard class 4 andGWR Pannier tanks. There was otherrolling stock on static display at Rickmansworth sidings. The steam trains ran between normal Metropolitan and main line services. Due to the imminent partial privatisation of LUL and the stock condition, the last steam excursion took place in 2000.[citation needed] In 2008, special trains ran on usingMetropolitan Railway electric locomotive "Sarah Siddons" and dieselClass 20 locomotives.[61]

To celebrate the 150th anniversary of the opening of the Metropolitan, special services ran in January 2013 using a restored 1892 "Jubilee" carriage, 1898–1900 Ashbury and Cravens bogie carriages, Metropolitan Railway milk van No.3,Metropolitan Railway E Class steam locomotive No. 1 and electric locomotiveSarah Siddons.[62] Further events were planned for 2013 involving Locomotive No. 1,Sarah Siddons and the Jubilee carriage, including aSteam back on the Met scheduled for May.[63]

Four Lines Modernisation (4LM)

[edit]
Main article:Four Lines Modernisation

It was planned that a new signalling system would be used first on the line north of Baker Street from the end of 2016,[64] but signalling contractor Bombardier was released from its contract by agreement in December 2013 amid heavy criticism of the procurement process[65] and London Underground subsequently awarded the contract for the project toThales in August 2015.[66]

With the introduction of S8 Stock, the track, electrical supply, and signalling systems are being upgraded in a programme planned to increase peak-hour capacity on the line by 27 per cent by the end of 2023.[64][67][68] A single control room for the sub-surface railway opened at Hammersmith on 6 May 2018, andcommunications-based train control (CBTC) provided by Thales will progressively replace 'fixed block' signalling equipment dating back the 1940s.[64][69] Trackside signals withautomatic train protection (ATP) will remain on the line north of Harrow-on-the-Hill, shared with Chiltern Railways DMUs.[64]

The rollout of CBTC has been split into sections, each known as a signal migration area (SMA).[70]

Metropolitan line signal migration areas
SMA[i]fromtostatusdate
2Finchley RoadEuston SquarecompletedSeptember 2019
3Euston SquareAldgatecompletedJuly 2020
8Finchley RoadPreston RoadcompletedJune 2025
9Preston Road
  • West Harrow
  • Moor Park
planned2025+ (TBC)
13Moor Park
  • Watford
  • Amersham
  • Chesham
planned2026+ (TBC)
14West HarrowUxbridgeplanned2027+ (TBC)
  1. ^SMAs 0.5, 1, 4–7 and 10–12 concern parts of the District, Circle, and Hammersmith & City lines.

Work on the SMAs north of Finchley Road were delayed in November 2023 because of the complexity of Neasden Depot (shared with the Jubilee Line) and challenges relating to the inter-operability withChiltern Railways which shares tracks with the Metropolitan line in this area.[71]

List of stations

[edit]

Open stations

[edit]

In order from east to west.

StationImageOpened[18]BranchAdditional informationPosition
Aldgate18 November 1876Main lineTerminus. Connects with Circle line.51°30′50″N000°04′34″W / 51.51389°N 0.07611°W /51.51389; -0.07611 (01 – Aldgate tube station)
Liverpool StreetNational RailLondon OvergroundElizabeth Line12 July 1875Main lineOriginally Bishopsgate, renamed 1 November 1909. Interchange forCentral andHammersmith & City lines andWeaver line,Elizabeth line andNational Rail services fromLiverpool Street mainline station.51°31′07″N000°04′53″W / 51.51861°N 0.08139°W /51.51861; -0.08139 (02 – Liverpool Street station).Elizabeth line.
MoorgateNational RailElizabeth Line23 December 1865Main lineOriginally Moorgate Street, renamed 24 October 1924. Interchange forNorthern line and National Rail services on theNorthern City Line. Interchange for Elizabeth line viaLiverpool Street Station.51°31′07″N000°05′19″W / 51.51861°N 0.08861°W /51.51861; -0.08861 (03 – Moorgate station).
Barbican23 December 1865Main lineOriginally Aldersgate Street, renamed Aldersgate 1910, Aldersgate and Barbican 1923, Barbican 1968.51°31′13″N000°05′52″W / 51.52028°N 0.09778°W /51.52028; -0.09778 (04 – Barbican tube station)
FarringdonDisabled accessNational RailThameslinkElizabeth Line10 January 1863Main lineResited 22 December 1865. Originally Farringdon Street, renamed Farringdon & High Holborn 1922, Farringdon 1936. Interchange for National Rail and Elizabeth line services.51°31′12″N000°06′19″W / 51.52000°N 0.10528°W /51.52000; -0.10528 (05 – Farringdon station)
King's Cross St PancrasDisabled accessNational RailEurostar10 January 1863Main lineStation resited 1941. Originally King's Cross, renamed King's Cross & St Pancras 1925, King's Cross St Pancras 1933. Interchange forNorthern,Piccadilly andVictoria lines, National Rail services andEurostar.51°31′49″N000°07′27″W / 51.53028°N 0.12417°W /51.53028; -0.12417 (06 – King's Cross St Pancras tube station)
Euston Square10 January 1863Main lineOriginally Gower Street, renamed 1909.51°31′33″N000°08′09″W / 51.52583°N 0.13583°W /51.52583; -0.13583 (07 – Euston Square tube station)
Great Portland Street10 January 1863Main lineOriginally Portland Road, renamed Great Portland Street 1917, Great Portland Street & Regent's Park 1923, Great Portland Street 1933.51°31′26″N000°08′38″W / 51.52389°N 0.14389°W /51.52389; -0.14389 (08 – Great Portland Street tube station)
Baker Street10 January 1863Main lineMetropolitan line platforms date from 1868. Interchange forBakerloo,Circle,Hammersmith & City andJubilee lines.51°31′19″N000°09′25″W / 51.52194°N 0.15694°W /51.52194; -0.15694 (09 – Baker Street tube station)
Finchley Road30 June 1879Main lineFinchley Road (South Hampstead) from 1885 to 1914. Connects withJubilee line.51°32′50″N000°10′49″W / 51.54722°N 0.18028°W /51.54722; -0.18028 (10 – Finchley Road tube station)
Wembley ParkDisabled access12 May 1894Main lineConnects withJubilee line.51°33′49″N000°16′46″W / 51.56361°N 0.27944°W /51.56361; -0.27944 (11 – Wembley Park tube station)
Preston Road21 May 1908Main lineResited 1931–32.51°34′20″N000°17′43″W / 51.57222°N 0.29528°W /51.57222; -0.29528 (12 – Preston Road tube station)
Northwick Park28 June 1923Main lineOriginally Northwick Park & Kenton, renamed 1937.51°34′43″N000°19′07″W / 51.57861°N 0.31861°W /51.57861; -0.31861 (13 – Northwick Park tube station)
Harrow-on-the-HillNational Rail2 August 1880Main lineOriginally Harrow, renamed 1894. Interchange for National Rail services.51°34′46″N000°20′13″W / 51.57944°N 0.33694°W /51.57944; -0.33694 (14 – Harrow-on-the-Hill station)
West Harrow17 November 1913Uxbridge51°34′47″N000°21′12″W / 51.57972°N 0.35333°W /51.57972; -0.35333 (15 – West Harrow tube station)
Rayners Lane26 May 1906UxbridgeConnects withPiccadilly line.51°34′31″N000°22′17″W / 51.57528°N 0.37139°W /51.57528; -0.37139 (16 – Rayners Lane tube station)
Eastcote26 May 1906Uxbridge51°34′36″N000°23′49″W / 51.57667°N 0.39694°W /51.57667; -0.39694 (17 – Eastcote tube station)
Ruislip Manor5 August 1912Uxbridge51°34′24″N000°24′45″W / 51.57333°N 0.41250°W /51.57333; -0.41250 (18 – Ruislip Manor tube station)
Ruislip4 July 1904Uxbridge51°34′17″N000°25′16″W / 51.57139°N 0.42111°W /51.57139; -0.42111 (19 – Ruislip tube station)
Ickenham25 September 1905UxbridgeOriginally Ickenham Halt, rebuilt 1970–71.51°33′43″N000°26′31″W / 51.56194°N 0.44194°W /51.56194; -0.44194 (20 – Ickenham tube station)
HillingdonDisabled access10 December 1923UxbridgeRenamed Hillingdon (Swakeleys) 1934, suffix gradually dropped. Resited and rebuilt 1992.51°33′14″N000°27′00″W / 51.55389°N 0.45000°W /51.55389; -0.45000 (21 – Hillingdon tube station)
UxbridgeDisabled access4 July 1904UxbridgeTerminus. Station resited from Belmont Road in 1938.51°32′45″N000°28′42″W / 51.54583°N 0.47833°W /51.54583; -0.47833 (22 – Uxbridge tube station)
North Harrow22 March 1915Main line51°35′06″N000°21′45″W / 51.58500°N 0.36250°W /51.58500; -0.36250 (23 – North Harrow tube station)
PinnerDisabled access25 May 1885Main line51°35′34″N000°22′50″W / 51.59278°N 0.38056°W /51.59278; -0.38056 (24 – Pinner tube station)
Northwood Hills13 November 1933Main line51°36′02″N000°24′33″W / 51.60056°N 0.40917°W /51.60056; -0.40917 (25 – Northwood Hills tube station)
Northwood1 September 1887Main lineThe last station withinGreater London.51°36′39″N000°25′28″W / 51.61083°N 0.42444°W /51.61083; -0.42444 (26 – Northwood tube station)
Moor Park9 May 1910Main lineOriginally Sandy Lodge, renamed Moor Park & Sandy Lodge 18 October 1923, Moor Park 25 September 1950.51°37′47″N000°25′58″W / 51.62972°N 0.43278°W /51.62972; -0.43278 (27 – Moor Park tube station)
Croxley2 November 1925WatfordOriginally Croxley Green, renamed 23 May 1949.51°38′51″N000°26′29″W / 51.64750°N 0.44139°W /51.64750; -0.44139 (28 – Croxley tube station)
Watford2 November 1925WatfordTerminus.51°39′27″N000°25′03″W / 51.65750°N 0.41750°W /51.65750; -0.41750 (29 – Watford tube station)
RickmansworthNational Rail1 September 1887Main line51°38′25″N000°28′24″W / 51.64028°N 0.47333°W /51.64028; -0.47333 (30 – Rickmansworth station)
ChorleywoodDisabled accessNational Rail8 July 1889Main lineThe last station withinHertfordshire. Originally Chorley Wood, renamed Chorley Wood & Chenies 1 November 1915, Chorley Wood 1934, Chorleywood 1964.51°39′15″N000°31′06″W / 51.65417°N 0.51833°W /51.65417; -0.51833 (31 – Chorleywood station)
Chalfont & LatimerDisabled accessNational Rail8 July 1889Main lineOriginally Chalfont Road, renamed 1 November 1915. Interchange for National Rail services.51°40′04″N000°33′40″W / 51.66778°N 0.56111°W /51.66778; -0.56111 (32 – Chalfont & Latimer station)
CheshamDisabled access8 July 1889CheshamTerminus.51°42′19″N000°36′41″W / 51.70528°N 0.61139°W /51.70528; -0.61139 (33 – Chesham tube station)
AmershamDisabled accessNational Rail1 September 1892AmershamTerminus. Renamed Amersham & Chesham Bois 12 March 1922, Amersham 1937. Interchange for National Rail services.51°40′27″N000°36′27″W / 51.67417°N 0.60750°W /51.67417; -0.60750 (34 – Amersham station)

Former stations

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LT loco L92 at Croxley tip in 1969

TheBrill Tramway with stationsWaddesdon Road,Westcott,Wotton,Church Siding,Wood Siding andBrill closed in 1935. In the following year, the line was cut back to Aylesbury, withWaddesdon station andGranborough Road,Winslow Road stations on the line toVerney Junction closing.[18] InitiallyVerney Junction andQuainton Road remained open, with main line services provided by the LNER.

In 1939, theStanmore branch and the stopping service between Finchley Road and Wembley Park were transferred to theBakerloo line. On the St John's Wood section,Lord's andMarlborough Road stations were replaced bySt John's Wood, andSwiss Cottage replacedthe Metropolitan line station.[16][18] The Bakerloo line service to Stanmore was transferred to theJubilee line when that line opened in 1979.[17]

In 1961, when steam locomotives were replaced and the line was electrified to Amersham, the Underground service toGreat Missenden,Wendover,Stoke Mandeville andAylesbury was withdrawn.[18]

Goods-only branches

[edit]

Between Moor Park and Croxley, a short branch ran south-east off the Watford branch, near its junction with the main line, to Croxley Tip, a rubbish dump beside the Grand Union Canal. This site began as a gravel loading point before becoming used by the railway to dump waste such as old ballast and waste fromNeasden power station. This route, never used for passenger traffic, continued to be used by London Transport's small fleet of steam engines until 1971, when diesels replaced them. The branch closed some time after this, although a section of the spur line remained visible from a passing train.

A second short branch line, known as theHalton Railway, servedRAF Halton near Wendover, across theWendover Arm of the Grand Union Canal. The line was built during the First World War and closed in 1963.[72] The trackbed is now a footpath.[73]

Although not operated by Metropolitan passenger services, the line from South Harrow to Rayners Lane was built by the Metropolitan railway as theDistrict Railway was in financial difficulties at the time. This included a short branch, part of which is still visible, on a viaduct to a gas works. Other minor freight connections along the line once included connections to the Midland main line at Finchley Road.

A single-track spur from a small yard between Ickenham and Ruislip stations connects toRuislip Depot of the Central line. This line is used for engineering and empty stock transfers, although occasional plans suggest extending the Central line into Uxbridge by upgrading the connection. It was built in 1973.

Metropolitan line extension

[edit]
Main article:Croxley Rail Link
Diagram of the Croxley Rail Link

Also known as the Croxley Rail Link, an extension to the Metropolitan line was to reroute the Watford branch from the current terminus using the disusedCroxley Green branch line toWatford Junction. Funding was agreed in December 2011[74] and the necessary permission was granted by the UK Government in July 2013.[75][40][76] Due to a funding shortfall, the project was cancelled in 2016.[76]

References

[edit]

Footnotes

[edit]
  1. ^Based on 4 passengers per square metre.
  2. ^Position:51°33′28″N000°15′31″W / 51.55778°N 0.25861°W /51.55778; -0.25861 (35 – Neasden Depot)

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Baracaia, Alexa (22 August 2006)."Seven Wonders of London".London Evening Standard. p. 21 – via newspapers.com.
  2. ^TfL Corporate Design (January 2009). "3: Underground line colours".Line diagram standard(PDF) (3 ed.). Transport for London. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 4 January 2022.Metropolitan line - Pantone 235, C:5 M:100 K:40
  3. ^"London Assembly Questions to the Mayor". London Assembly. 2022. Retrieved29 February 2024.
  4. ^"The Metropolitan line | London Transport Museum".www.ltmuseum.co.uk. Retrieved24 June 2025.
  5. ^Green 1987, pp. 3–5.
  6. ^Edwards, Dennis; Pigram, Ron (1988).The Golden Years of the Metropolitan Railway and the Metro-land Dream.Bloomsbury. p. 32.ISBN 1-870630-11-4.
  7. ^Pipe, Victoria; Marshall, Geoff (2018).The Railway Adventures: Places, Trains, People and Stations. Tewkesbury: September Publishing. p. 82.ISBN 9781910463871.
  8. ^Bobrick, Benson (1981).Labyrinths of Iron. Newsweek books. p. 142.ISBN 9780882252995.
  9. ^Green 1987, pp. 7–10.
  10. ^Green 1987, pp. 11–14.
  11. ^Green 1987, pp. 24–26.
  12. ^"A Trip on the Metropolitan Railway (1910)".Screen Online. British Film Institute. Retrieved25 January 2016.
  13. ^Green 1987, pp. 43–45.
  14. ^Green 1987, pp. 46–48.
  15. ^Horne 2003, p. 69.
  16. ^abGreen 1987, p. 51.
  17. ^abGreen 1987, p. 63.
  18. ^abcdefgRose, Douglas (December 2007) [1980].The London Underground: A Diagrammatic History (8th ed.). London: Capital Transport.ISBN 978-1-85414-315-0.
  19. ^Bruce 1983, pp. 72–74.
  20. ^Bruce 1983, pp. 78–81.
  21. ^Green 1987, p. 55.
  22. ^Bruce 1983, p. 110.
  23. ^Bruce 1983, p. 113.
  24. ^Croome, Desmond F.; Jackson, Alan Arthur (1993).Rails Through the Clay: A History of London's Tube Railways. Capital Transport. p. 468.ISBN 978-1-85414-151-4.
  25. ^"London Underground map 1968".The London Tube map archive. Retrieved21 November 2012.
  26. ^"London Underground map 1970".The London Tube map archive. Retrieved21 November 2012.
  27. ^"London Underground map 1985".The London Tube map archive. Retrieved21 November 2012.
  28. ^ab"London Underground map 1990".The London Tube map archive. Retrieved21 November 2012.
  29. ^"PPP Performance Report"(PDF). Transport for London. 2009–2010. pp. 7–8. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 26 April 2012. Retrieved7 March 2012.
  30. ^"Chesham trains to run direct into central London" (Press release). Transport for London. 7 December 2010. Archived fromthe original on 17 April 2012. Retrieved21 March 2018.
  31. ^"A Stock last day on the Metropolitan Line".Railways Today. 26 September 2012. Archived fromthe original on 19 January 2016. Retrieved2 November 2012.
  32. ^"Last A stock rail tour". London Transport Museum. Archived fromthe original on 1 October 2012. Retrieved27 September 2012.
  33. ^ab"Key facts".Transport for London. Archived fromthe original on 29 May 2007. Retrieved22 November 2012.
  34. ^Richard Griffin (3 September 2019)."SQUAREWHEELS.org.uk – S stock".www.squarewheels.org.uk. Retrieved11 May 2020.
  35. ^Martin, Andrew (2012).Underground, Overground: A Passenger's History of the Tube. London: Profile Books. pp. 137–138.ISBN 978-1-84765-807-4. Retrieved7 December 2012.
  36. ^"Metropolitan line facts". Transport for London. Retrieved23 November 2012.
  37. ^abcdefgh"Detailed London Transport Map".cartometro.com. Retrieved23 November 2012.
  38. ^Marius, Callum (16 August 2021)."Why the Metropolitan line has 2 extra secret stations you may not know about".MyLondon. Retrieved4 November 2022.
  39. ^Horne 2003, p. x.
  40. ^ab"Croxley Rail Link". Transport for London. 2012. Archived fromthe original on 25 March 2013. Retrieved23 November 2012.
  41. ^Louis, Nathan (8 August 2021)."The 'secret' Met line track near Watford known as 'North Curve'".Watford Observer. Retrieved15 September 2021.
  42. ^"Amersham/Chesham tube guide"(PDF).Transport for London. Retrieved9 December 2013.
  43. ^abKichenside, G.M.; Williams, Alan.British Railway Signalling. p. 72.
  44. ^"Facts & figures".tfl.gov.uk. Transport for London. Retrieved14 July 2017.
  45. ^abcdefghi"Working timetable 340 - Metropolitan line"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 21 May 2017. Retrieved5 May 2018.
  46. ^Detailed London transport map - Carto Metro
  47. ^"Working timetable 35 - Circle and Hammersmith & City lines"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 15 June 2021. Retrieved27 March 2020.
  48. ^"Commissioner's Report"(PDF).Board Meeting Documents. Transport for London. 20 September 2012. paragraph 3.2.Archived(PDF) from the original on 26 August 2020. Retrieved27 September 2012.
  49. ^Waboso, David (December 2010). "Transforming the tube".Modern Railways. London. pp. 42–45.
  50. ^ab"Movia metro – London, United Kingdom". Bombardier. Retrieved27 January 2011.
  51. ^"'S' stock making its mark".Modern Railways. London. December 2010. p. 46.
  52. ^"Transforming the Tube"(PDF). Transport for London. July 2008. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 5 June 2011. Retrieved28 May 2009.
  53. ^*"Rolling Stock: A Stock". Transport for London. Retrieved25 November 2012.
  54. ^Jackson 1986, pp. 82–82.
  55. ^Jackson 1986, p. 176.
  56. ^Jackson 1986, p. 281.
  57. ^"Works begin to build new maintenance facility at Neasden Depot" (Press release). Transport for London. 28 September 2010. Retrieved11 February 2011.
  58. ^"London Underground Key Facts". Transport for London. Archived fromthe original on 29 May 2007. Retrieved21 May 2008.
  59. ^metroland.org.uk."Steam on the Met".
  60. ^King, Geoffrey."Steam on the Met".
  61. ^"Not quite Steam on the Met".peat.me.uk. 30 August 2008. Retrieved24 November 2011.
  62. ^"Past Events – tube 150". London Transport Museum. Archived fromthe original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved4 February 2013.
  63. ^"Vehicles on the Move" (Press release). London Transport Museum. Archived fromthe original on 1 October 2012. Retrieved4 February 2013.
  64. ^abcdAbbott, James (January 2013). "Sub-surface renewal".Modern Railways. pp. 38–41.
  65. ^"London Underground and Bombardier abandon Tube signalling contract".International Railway Journal. 3 January 2014. Retrieved2 June 2020.
  66. ^"London Underground resignalling reaches milestone".International Railway Journal. 13 October 2017. Retrieved2 June 2020.
  67. ^"Our Upgrade Plan"(PDF). Transport for London. February 2011. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 17 August 2012. Retrieved7 December 2012.
  68. ^"Four Lines Modernisation".Transport for London. Retrieved2 June 2020.
  69. ^Stewart, Rob (January 2013). "Cityflo 650 to control the SSR".Modern Railways. pp. 42–43.
  70. ^"Underground News".London Underground Railway Society.706: 572. October 2020.
  71. ^"FOI Request Detail - 4LM". Transport for London. November 2023. Retrieved20 January 2024.
  72. ^"Halton Railway".RAF Halton. MOD. Retrieved6 September 2015.
  73. ^The Wendover Arm: Linear and Circular Walks(PDF). Aylesbury: Buckinghamshire County Council. Retrieved6 September 2015.
  74. ^"Transport schemes given £854m in government funding".BBC News. 14 December 2011. Retrieved14 December 2011.
  75. ^"Watford Metropolitan line Tube extension gets go-ahead".BBC News. 24 July 2013. Retrieved24 July 2013.
  76. ^ab"Metropolitan line Extension". Transport for London. 2017. Archived fromthe original on 17 July 2017.

Sources

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Further reading

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External links

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