TheMetropolis of Kiev, Galicia and all Ruthenia was an ecclesiastical territory orarcheparchy of theRuthenian Uniate Church, aparticularEastern Catholic church. It was erected in thePolish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1595/96 following theUnion of Brest. It was effectively disestablished by thepartitions of Poland (1772–1795). Its successor — theUkrainian Greek Catholic Church — continues to operate in the modern states ofUkraine andPoland. The firstmetropolitan wasMichael Rohoza.

Within the Commonwealth, the metropolis had the followingsuffragandioceses andarchdioceses (archeparchies):

• Archeparchy of Polotsk
• Archeparchy of Smolensk (1625-1778)
• Eparchy of Lutsk and Ostroh (1594-1636, 1702-1795 and 1789–1839) During theGreat Northern War, Volhynia was occupied by Russian troops and the eparchy was converted to Orthodoxy until the withdrawal of troops.
• Eparchy ofTurov andPinsk
• Eparchy of Volodymyr and Brest
• Eparchy of Lviv
• Eparchy of Chełm
• Eparchy ofPrzemyśl andSambir

Pope Clement VIII's 1596 bullDecet Romanum Pontificem gave metropolitans the same rights that Kievan metropolitans had enjoyed under Constantinople. In elections for the office, candidates were chosen by direct vote of the assembled bishops and by the Superior-General (Proto-Archimandrite) of theBasilian order. He would then be nominated by the Polish king and confirmed by the pope.

For much of the 17th century, thePolish–Lithuanian Commonwealth wasat war with theTsardom of Russia. TheKhmelnytsky Uprising (1648–1657) also known as the Cossack–Polish War,^[1][2][3] was aCossackrebellion in the eastern territories of the Commonwealth, which led to the creation of aCossack Hetmanate inright-bank Ukraine. As a result, the Kiev and Chernihiv dioceses which lay in the hetmanate were lost to the metropolis as the Cossacks were firmly anti-Catholic.

While most Orthodox bishops in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth supported the Union of Brest, as with the previousFlorentine Union, not all of them accepted the union. Someeparchies (dioceses) continued to give their loyalty to Constantinople. These dissenters had no ecclesiastical leaders but withPetro Konashevych-Sahaidachny — theHetman of theZaporozhian Cossacks — they had a secular leader who was opposed to the union with Rome. The Cossacks' strong historic allegiance to the Eastern Orthodox Church put them at odds with the Catholic-dominated Commonwealth. Tensions increased when Commonwealth policies turned from relative tolerance to the suppression of the Orthodox church, making the Cossacks strongly anti-Catholic. By that time, the loyalty of the Zaporozhian hetmanate to the Commonwealth was only nominal. In August 1620, the Hetman prevailed uponTheophanes III — theGreek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem — to re-establish an Orthodox metropolis in the realm. Theophanes consecratedJob Boretsky as the new "Metropolitan of Kiev, Galicia and all Ruthenia" and as the "Exarch of Ukraine". There were now two metropolitans with the same title but different ecclesiastical loyalties within the Commonwealth.

By 1686, Russia had complete sovereignty over the lands of theZaporozhian Sich andleft-bank Ukraine, as well as the city of Kiev. TheEternal Peace Treaty of 1686 which was concluded by Russia and the Commonwealth affirmed this reality.^[4] As a result, the Greek Catholic population in those areas suffered oppression and many deaths. It also spelled an end to the independence and unity of the Hetman state. TheStarodub, Chernihiv, and other territories in left-bank Ukraine went to Russia; the rest remained in the Commonwealth.

The end of the Commonwealth came with thepartitions of Poland when theRussian Empire, theKingdom of Prussia and theHabsburg monarchy divided the realm between them. Following the partitions, its successor states treated the Uniate Church differently:

• In the territory annexed by the Russian Empire, the Church was effectively dissolved; most of theeparchies wereforcibly converted to theRussian Orthodox Church after theSynod of Polotsk of 1839.
• In the territory of theCongress Kingdom of Poland theEparchy of Chełm-Belz was united inConversion of Chełm Eparchy to the Orthodox Church in 1875
• In the territory annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia, the Eparchy ofSupraśl operated from 1798 to 1809. Following theTreaties of Tilsit, the territory was annexed by the Russian Empire. As a result, this eparchy was effectively dissolved and reunited to the Eparchy of Brest, the territory was later converted to the Russian Orthodox Church in 1839.
• In the territory annexed by theAustrian Empire (theKingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria), the Church continued to operate as aGreek Catholic Church. A similar situation continued in theSecond Polish Republic of 1918 to 1939. It wassuppressed in the Soviet Union from 1946^[5] but survived to become the core of theUkrainian Greek Catholic Church from 1989.

The below is a list of metropolitans of "Kiev, Galicia and all Ruthenia":^[6]

• 1596—1599Michael Rohoza^[7]
• 1600—1613Hypatius Pociej^[8]
• 1613—1637Joseph Velamin-Rutski^[9]
• 1637—1640Rafajil Korsak
• 1641—1655Antin Sielava
• 1666—1674Havryil Kolenda
• 1674—1693Kyprian Zochovskyj
• 1694—1708Lev Zalenskyj
• 1708—1713Yurij Vynnyckyj
• 1714—1729Lev Kiszka
• 1729—1746Athanasius Szeptycki
• 1748—1762Florian Hrebnicki
• 1762—1778Felicjan Filip Wołodkowicz
• 1778—1779Leo Szeptycki
• 1780—1786Jason Smogorzewski
• 1787—1805Theodosius Rostocki

• Boretsky, Yov at theEncyclopedia of Ukraine

• Metropolis of Kyiv
• Metropolis of Kiev, Galicia and all Ruthenia (Ruthenian Uniate Church)
• 1590s establishments in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
• 1800s disestablishments in the Russian Empire
• Metropolises

• Articles with short description
• Short description matches Wikidata
• CS1: long volume value