Metrolinx is a transportation agency inOntario, Canada. It is aCrown agency that manages and integrates road and public transportation in theGreater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA). It was created as theGreater Toronto Transportation Authority on June 22, 2006, and adopted its present name as a brand name in 2007 and eventually as the legal name in 2009. It is headquartered atUnion Station inToronto.
The Greater Toronto Transportation Authority was created by legislation and introduced in theLegislative Assembly of Ontario on April 24, 2006. The bill was passed and receivedroyal assent on June 22, 2006. In April 2007, a transition team seconded from the Ontario Public Service began work at the GTTA's headquarters at 20 Bay Street in Toronto.
On December 4, 2007, the GTTA adopted the name 'Metrolinx' for public use. At the same time, it launched a new web site, and released the first of its series of green papers on transportation issues, part of the process of creating the Regional Transportation Plan. From June 2008, Metrolinx began using a new logo in printed and electronic communications.
December 17: Metrolinx announced that, together with twelve municipalities, it had made a collective bus purchase for 160 buses.[3]
2009:
March 30: the Ontario government introduced legislation to merge GO Transit and Metrolinx into a single entity, with "Metrolinx" as its legal name.[4] The legislation received royal assent on May 14, 2009, taking immediate effect. This resulted in the replacement of the previous board structure with a new one in which 15 private-sector appointees are made by the province. The legislation makes other changes to Metrolinx's powers and abilities. GO's trackage used to be owned entirely by Canada's two major commercial railways: the large majority by theCanadian National Railway (CNR) and the remainder byCanadian Pacific Railway (CPR). Before Metrolinx's creation, GO Transit had only acquired partial ownership of theLakeshore East,Barrie,Stouffville andMilton lines. However, ever since its inception Metrolinx has been expanding its ownership of the rail corridors on which GO Transit operates by acquiring nonessential rail lines from both CN and CP.
April 8: Metrolinx announced that it had acquired theWeston Subdivision, part of theKitchener line, then known as theGeorgetown line, for $160 million from CN.[5][6]
June 27: GO Transit introduced summer weekend GO train service between Toronto andNiagara Falls.[7]
December 15: Metrolinx announced that it had acquired the lower portion of theNewmarket subdivision for $68 million from CN, giving it full ownership of the Barrie line.[8]
2010:
March 31: Metrolinx announced that it had acquired a key piece of track from CN for $168 million.[9] This purchase was for a portion of theOakville subdivision from Union station to 30th Street in Etobicoke just west of GO'sWillowbrook Rail Maintenance Facility.
March 30: Metrolinx announced that it had acquired the portion of theKingston line on which that GO trains operate from CN for $299 million, giving them full ownership of the Lakeshore East line.[12]
June 16: Metrolinx announced that, together with 12 municipalities, it purchased 287 new transit buses.[13]
August 24: Metrolinx division GO Transit announced that thePresto card was available across its entire GTHA network.[14]
March 27: Metrolinx announced that it had acquired key portions of multiple subdivisions from CN for $310.5 million. This purchase included the southern portions of theBala subdivision up to CN's main east-west freight line theYork subdivision, part of theRichmond Hill line and a large portion of theOakville subdivision from 30th Street inEtobicoke to a point just west of Fourth line in Oakville.[17]
May 10: GO Transit announced summer weekend and GO train service between Toronto and Barrie.[18]
November 15: GO Transit launched the GO Train Service Guarantee, a fare credit policy for train delays.[19]
November 29: Metrolinx announced the Next Wave of Big Move projects.[20]
March 22:, Metrolinx completed an additional purchase of the Oakville subdivision from CN for $52.5 million. This purchase was for the portion from Fourth Line in Oakville to a point just east of where CN's freight main line joins the Oakville Subdivision inBurlington.[21]
April 13: Presto's smart farecard is available across the entireOC Transpo network inOttawa.[22]
May 27, 2013, Metrolinx announced its Investment Strategy, a series of recommendations for sustaining transit growth in the region.[23]
June: Metrolinx had ownership of 68% of the corridors on which it operates, up from 6% in 1998.[24] It has complete ownership of the Barrie, Stouffville and Lakeshore East lines and majority ownership of theLakeshore West line (to a point just west of Burlington GO station) and Richmond Hill line (to Doncaster Junction, a point in betweenOld Cummer andLangstaff GO stations). Metrolinx owns comparatively small portions of the Kitchener andMilton lines, a situation that is unlikely to change as the lines are heavily used by freight traffic.
June 5: Metrolinx crews began tunnelling the western underground portion of theLine 5 Eglinton light rail transit line.[25]
June 28: GO Transit introduced its biggest expansion in 46 years with 30-minute service on the Lakeshore lines.[26]
November 29: Metrolinx opened the Strachan Avenue underpass, allowing GO trains to operate below the road without disrupting road traffic.[27] Metrolinx and the City ofMississauga announced the start of construction for the west segment of theMississauga Transitway, scheduled for completion in 2016.[28]
2014:
February 28: Metrolinx revealed plans to increase train service to Hamilton and build the newWest Harbour GO Station.
March 31: Metrolinx division Presto announced that one million transit riders were using the electronic fare card across the GTHA and Ottawa.[29]
July 17: it was reported that Metrolinx had purchased stations at Georgetown,Brampton andOshawa.[30][31]
September 24: Metrolinx announced the purchase of the segment of the Kitchener line between Kitchener and Georgetown.[33]
September 30: Metrolinx announced a partnership withIvanhoé Cambridge to redevelop a new GO Bus Terminal that serves as a major transit, commercial and community hub.[34]
2015
February 2: 36 GO stations and terminals began offering free WiFi, providing coverage to approximately 80 per cent of customers.[35]
February 12: Metrolinx announced a major expansion of Stouffville GO Line, adding additional tracks and improving the corridor to increase train.[36]
March 10: Metrolinx announced a major expansion of Barrie GO line, adding additional tracks and improving the corridor to increase train capacity.[37]
April 24: the new York GO Concourse was opened, a major part of the ongoing revitalization of Union Station, adding 50 per cent more capacity than the Bay Concourse.[38]
June 6: the new Union-Pearson Express was launched, linking Toronto's Pearson International Airport with Union Station via a 25-minute two-stop express train.[39]
July 9: the new West Harbour GO Station was opened in Hamilton, in time for the Toronto 2015 Pan Am Games.[40]
TheMetrolinx Act, 2006, formerly known as theGreater Toronto Transportation Authority Act, 2006, describes two of Metrolinx's primary responsibilities as being:[44]
to provide leadership in the co-ordination, planning, financing and development of an integrated, multi-modal transportation network that conforms with transportation policies of growth plans prepared and approved under thePlaces to Grow Act, 2005 applicable in the regional transportation area and complies with other provincial transportation policies and plans applicable in the regional transportation area, and
to act as the central procurement agency for the procurement of local transit system vehicles, equipment, technologies and facilities and related supplies and services on behalf of Ontario municipalities.
The Big Move: Transforming Transportation in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area was one of Metrolinx's first deliverables. It is a Regional Transportation Plan (RTP) including a rolling five-year capital plan and Investment Strategy for the GTHA. The plan builds on 52 GO train, subway, light rail and bus rapid transit projects proposed by the Government of Ontario in itsMoveOntario 2020 plan announced on June 15, 2007, and includes new projects to support them.
A draft version of the Big Move was provided to Metrolinx on September 26, 2008, and a final version was approved on November 27, 2008.[45]
The three levels of government have provided $16 billion toward the first wave of projects, which are already underway. The next wave of projects were still in the planning phase at the time of the Big Move's release, and still subject to funding. Some of these projects have since attained approved funding, while others have not.
The Metrolinx Investment Strategy, released in May 2013, proposes a series of 24 recommendations as part of a four-part plan to integrate transportation, growth and land use planning in the GTHA, maximize the value of public infrastructure investment, optimize system and network efficiencies, and dedicate new revenue sources for transit and transportation. These recommendations included revenue tools and policy recommendations.[46]
Metrolinx also advised that funds raised by all the new taxes would be put in a dedicated transportation trust fund, one that would be administered by a board separate from Metrolinx.[47]
The Investment Strategy was given to the government for consideration in 2013.
Canada's first such public system, GO Transit began regular passenger service on May 23, 1967, under the auspices of theOntario Ministry of Transportation. Over time it has been constituted in a variety of public-sector configurations, but it became an operating division of Metrolinx in 2009.
New and improved GO service is a top transit priority listed in the regional transportation plan. Since 2009, GO Transit has introduced seasonal train service to Barrie and Niagara Falls,[133][134] extended service to Kitchener and Lake Simcoe,[135][136] opened four new stations at Acton, Guelph Central, Allandale Waterfront, and Hamilton West Harbour.[137][136] Since June 2013, GO Trains along the Lakeshore rail lines run every 30 minutes, making the biggest expansion in GO Transit history.[26]
The Union Pearson Express (UP Express)airport rail link service began operation on June 6, 2015, linkingUnion Station indowntown Toronto withPearson International Airport in the city ofMississauga, roughly 23.3 km (14.5 mi) away. The trains run every fifteen minutes, seven days a week, and are predicted to eliminate 1.5 million car trips annually. The duration of this trip is approximately 25 minutes.
The line uses a Metrolinx-owned railway rail corridor now used byGO Transit, as part of the Georgetown South Project to allow for additional train traffic. The UP Express shares the same path as trains on theKitchener line, before splitting off onto a separate subdivision just west of the Etobicoke North Station. It stops at the existingBloor andWeston GO Stations.
The Presto card, originally known as the GTA Farecard, is asmartcard-based fare payment system for public transit systems in Ontario, including those in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area andOttawa. The Presto system is designed to support the use of one common farecard for fare payment on various public transit systems, through electronic readers that calculate the correct fare and deduct it from a preloaded balance.
Presto will also centralize its operational logistics, such as farecard procurement, reporting services, and a customer call centre. The system was trialled from June 25, 2007, to September 30, 2008. Full implementation began in November 2009. It will be rolled out across the province in stages. Presto now serves over a million customers in the GTHA and Ottawa.
By January 2017, Presto had been fully implemented on the following 11 transit systems:
Smart Commute is a program that, with the support of local municipalities, endeavours to fight climate change by reducing traffic congestion and increasing transit efficiency. Employers and employees in the GTHA can explore and have assistance with different commuting options, such ascarpooling, transit, cycling, walking,remote work, andflextime. The program is delivered through local transportation management associations.[138]
Originally conducted under theOntario Ministry of Transportation in 2006, the Transit Procurement Initiative involves Metrolinx assisting municipal transit operators with the procurement of vehicles, equipment, technologies, facilities and related supplies. The goal of the program is to reduce per unit cost, increase unit quality, and provide an open and transparent procurement process for municipal transit operators. To date, the program has supported 21 municipalities and transit agencies, has purchased over 400 buses, and has saved an estimated $5 million.[139]
Metrolinx also seeks partnerships with individuals and the community, and offers financial support for proposed projects that support transit.[140]
Smart Commute includes various programs for commuters, including carpool ride-matching, walking and cycling, and teleworking programs.
In July 2015, a $4.9 million plan was announced to double the size ofBike Share Toronto by 2016.[141] The bicycles and docking stations will be owned by Metrolinx, while the system will continue to be operated by theToronto Parking Authority.[142]
In 2021, Metrolinx dropped itshydrail program.[143]
Metrolinx has been criticized for not having enough executive power in planning transit outside of municipal politics, despite being established to take political delay out of transportation planning.[144] AfterRob Ford was electedmayor of Toronto in December 2010, he declaredTransit City, the provincially funded transit expansion plan of light rail lines, dead. These lines were a large component of Metrolinx's 2008Big Move.[145] Metrolinx was again criticized when, in January 2012, its CEO declared that it would bend to whatToronto City Council wanted regarding how theEglinton-Scarborough Crosstown LRT line should be built. The issue centred on whether the more suburban stretches of the line, from Laird Drive to Kennedy Station, should be built at street level instead of a more costly underground alignment.[146] Metrolinx was criticized after aToronto Star investigation found that the agency has approved two transit stations, Kirby and Lawrence East, for the GO Regional Express Rail expansion due to political pressure from the Ministry of Transportation. Kirby is in the Vaughan riding of the then-transportation minister,Steven Del Duca, and Lawrence East in Scarborough is part of Toronto mayorJohn Tory's "SmartTrack" plan, his signature campaign promise. Both stations were not recommended to be constructed in the near term by an external consultant,AECOM, hired by Metrolinx. However, they were both shortlisted to begin construction.[147][148] Ontario'sauditor general found that Metrolinx incurred about $436 million "in sunk and additional" – unrecoverable – costs between 2009 and 2018 due to numerous changes in transit plans.[149]
In Ottawa, where Metrolinx is only involved in fare collection,Jim Watson, the formermayor of Ottawa, has criticized Metrolinx for wanting to increase the fee it collects from 2% to 10%, and characterized it as a monopoly.[150][151]
Metrolinx used to be governed by a board consisting of various appointees from the Ontario government and the regions within the GTHA. After the passage of theGreater Toronto and Hamilton Area Transit Implementation Act, 2009 merging Metrolinx and GO Transit, the Metrolinx board structure was changed, with politicians specifically prohibited from serving.[152]
The Metrolinx president and CEO is Michael Lindsay.[153]
Metrolinx's board of directors is composed of not more than 15 persons (including the CEO) appointed by theOntario's lieutenant governor on the recommendation of the Ontario Minister of Transportation.[154] As of October 2025, the chair was Nick Simone.[153]
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