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| Industry | Film studio |
|---|---|
| Predecessor | The Oz Film Manufacturing Company (Original) |
| Founded | June 23, 1915; 110 years ago (1915-06-23) |
| Founder | Richard A. Rowland George Grombacker Louis B. Mayer |
| Defunct | April 17, 1924; 101 years ago (1924-04-17) |
| Fate | Merged withGoldwyn Pictures andLouis B. Mayer Pictures to formMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer |
| Successors | Studio: Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Amazon MGM Studios Library: Warner Bros. (throughTurner Entertainment Co.) Public domain (pre-1930) |
| Headquarters | Heidelberg Building,, |
Key people | Richard A. Rowland (President) Louis B. Mayer (secretary) |
Metro Pictures Corporation was amotion picture production company founded in early 1915 inJacksonville,Florida. It was a forerunner ofMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The company produced its films in New York, Los Angeles, and sometimes at leased facilities inFort Lee,New Jersey.[1] It was purchased in 1919.
Metro Pictures was founded as a film distribution company in February 1915 by a number of "exchange men" (exchanges were distribution centers run by Hollywood studios that rented films to movie houses[2]) withRichard A. Rowland as president, George Grombacher as vice-president andLouis B. Mayer as secretary.[3] Grombacher owned exchanges in Portland and Seattle. Rowland and Metro's 2nd vice president James B. Clark were from the Roland & Clark company based in Pittsburgh. Metro was capitalized with $300,000 in cash and founded for the purpose of controlling movie productions for the exchanges.[4] Rowland had been an investor inAlco Films which was a distribution company for a coalition of production companies. Mayer convinced Rowland to set up Metro to replace Alco to avoid being picked up byParamount,Mutual Film, orUniversal. Metro hadRolfe Photoplays, Inc. and Popular Plays and Players moving over from Alco to Metro. Additional production companies working with Metro were Columbia (1915–1917) [not the currentColumbia], subsequently CBC Sales until 1918),Quality Picture Corporation, andDyreda.[5] Mayer left to form his own production unit in 1918.[6]
In 1919, Metro established its Hollywood studio at Lillian Way and Eleanor St. while building its huge studio covering 4 city blocks at Romaine St. and Cahuenga Blvd, which opened in 1920. Itsback lot was established in 1920 in Hollywood on N. Cahuenga Boulevard between Willoughby Avenue and Waring Avenue bound by Lillian Way on the east (today home toRed Studios Hollywood).[7]
Metro's first release on March 29, 1915 wasSatan Sanderson, a film produced by Rolfe Photoplays which was originally to be distributed by Alco Film Company.[8]Sealed Valley was Metro's first production released on August 2, 1915.[9]William Frederick Jury distributed Metro's films in Britain.
In 1920, the company was purchased byMarcus Loew as a supplier of product for his theater chain. However, Loew was not satisfied with the amount or quality of Metro's output. A few years later in 1924, Loew merged it with the strugglingGoldwyn Pictures and shortlyLouis B. Mayer Productions then renamed the new entityMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer that year with Mayer in charge (who was never an owner, and was only ever an employee).[10]
Metro's biggest stars during the World War I period were the romantic teams ofFrancis X. Bushman andBeverly Bayne andHarold Lockwood andMay Allison. Also in top echelons of importance were actressesMae Murray andViola Dana and from the stageLionel andEthel Barrymore,Emmy Wehlen andEmily Stevens. Before merging into MGM in 1924, Metro's star roster had expanded to includeLillian Gish,Buster Keaton,Jackie Coogan,Marion Davies,Ramon Novarro,Wallace Beery andLewis Stone.
Although the Metro film library and stars were merged into MGM in 1924, a portion of Rowland's Los Angeles film studio continued with a life of its own. Originally spanning four city blocks, one block continued as a studio known simply as Motion Picture Studios through the 1940s, and asGeneral Service Studios andDesilu Studios through the 1950s and 1960s. It becameRen-Mar Studios in 1974. In January 2010, Ren-Mar Studios was bought byRed Digital Cinema Camera Company. The complex was renamed "Red Studios Hollywood". It is located on Cahuenga Blvd. north of Melrose Avenue in Hollywood, directly behind the Musicians AFM Local 47 on Vine Street.
David E. Kelley filmed several of his TV series there, includingPicket Fences,Ally McBeal, andThe Practice.
A1965 fire in an MGM Archive #7 storage facility destroyed originalnegatives and prints, including the best-quality copies of every Metro picture and Louis B. Mayer Picture produced prior to 1924; over half of MGM's feature films from before 1930 are completelylost. On March 25, 1986, Ted Turner and his Turner Broadcasting System purchased the pre-May 1986 MGM films (including Metro Pictures films) fromKirk Kerkorian for $600 million.
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