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Messier 99

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Spiral galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices
Messier 99
Galaxy Messier 99, Schulman Telescope[1]
Observation data (J2000epoch)
ConstellationComa Berenices[2]
Right ascension12h 18m 49.625s[3]
Declination+14° 24′ 59.36″[3]
Redshift0.008029[4]
Heliocentric radial velocity2,404 km/s[5]
Distance45.2 Mly (13.87 Mpc)[5]
Group orclusterVirgo Cluster[6]
Apparent magnitude (V)9.9[7]
Characteristics
TypeSA(s)c[8]
Size98,130ly (30.10kpc) (estimated)[4]
Apparent size (V)5.4′ × 4.7′[4]
Other designations
Coma Pinwheel Galaxy, Virgo Cluster Pinwheel, M99,NGC 4254,PGC 39578,UGC 7345[9]

Messier 99 orM99, also known asNGC 4254 orSt. Catherine's Wheel, is agrand design spiral galaxy in the northernconstellationComa Berenices approximately 15,000,000parsecs (49,000,000light-years) from theMilky Way.[5] It was discovered byPierre Méchain on 17 March 1781. The discovery was then reported toCharles Messier, who included the object in theMessier Catalogue of comet-like objects. It was one of the first galaxies in which a spiral pattern was seen. This pattern was first identified byLord Rosse in the spring of 1846.[10][11]

This galaxy has amorphological classification of SA(s)c,[8] indicating a pure spiral shape with loosely woundarms. It has a peculiar shape with one normal looking arm and an extended arm that is less tightly wound. The galaxy is inclined by 42° to theline-of-sight with a major axisposition angle of 68°.[6]

A bridge of neutral hydrogen gas links NGC 4254 withVIRGOHI21, anHI region and a possibledark galaxy. The gravity from the latter may have distorted M99 and drawn out the gas bridge, as the two galaxy-sized objects may have had a close encounter before parting greatly. However, VIRGOHI21 may instead be tidal debris from an interaction with thelenticular galaxyNGC 4262 some 280 million years ago.[6] It is expected that the drawn out arm will relax to match the normal arm once the encounter is over.

While not classified as astarburst galaxy, M99 has astar formation activity three times larger than other galaxies of similarHubble type that may have been triggered by the encounter.[12] M99 is likely entering the Virgo Cluster for the first time bound to the periphery of the cluster at a projected separation of 3.7°, or around one megaparsec, from the cluster center atMessier 87. The galaxy is undergoingram-pressure stripping of much of itsinterstellar medium as it moves through theintracluster medium.[6]

Supernovae

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Foursupernovae have been observed in M99:


See also

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References

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  1. ^"The Schulman Telescope".www.as.arizona.edu. Retrieved2022-02-20.
  2. ^Dreyer, J. L. E. (1988). Sinnott, R. W. (ed.).The Complete New General Catalogue and Index Catalogue of Nebulae and Star Clusters.Sky Publishing Corporation/Cambridge University Press.ISBN 978-0-933346-51-2.
  3. ^abSkrutskie, Michael F.; Cutri, Roc M.; Stiening, Rae; Weinberg, Martin D.; Schneider, Stephen E.; Carpenter, John M.; Beichman, Charles A.; Capps, Richard W.; Chester, Thomas; Elias, Jonathan H.; Huchra, John P.; Liebert, James W.; Lonsdale, Carol J.; Monet, David G.; Price, Stephan; Seitzer, Patrick; Jarrett, Thomas H.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gizis, John E.; Howard, Elizabeth V.; Evans, Tracey E.; Fowler, John W.; Fullmer, Linda; Hurt, Robert L.; Light, Robert M.; Kopan, Eugene L.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; McCallon, Howard L.; Tam, Robert; Van Dyk, Schuyler D.; Wheelock, Sherry L. (1 February 2006)."The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS)".The Astronomical Journal.131 (2):1163–1183.Bibcode:2006AJ....131.1163S.doi:10.1086/498708.ISSN 0004-6256.S2CID 18913331.
  4. ^abc"NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database".Results for NGC 4254. Retrieved2006-11-25.
  5. ^abcTully, R. Brent; et al. (August 2016), "Cosmicflows-3",The Astronomical Journal,152 (2): 21,arXiv:1605.01765,Bibcode:2016AJ....152...50T,doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/2/50,S2CID 250737862, 50.
  6. ^abcdVollmer, B.; Huchtmeier, W.; van Driel, W. (September 2005). "NGC 4254: a spiral galaxy entering the Virgo cluster".Astronomy and Astrophysics.439 (3):921–933.arXiv:astro-ph/0505021.Bibcode:2005A&A...439..921V.doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20041350.S2CID 17414818.
  7. ^"Messier 99".SEDS Messier Catalog. Retrieved30 April 2022.
  8. ^abde Vaucouleurs, G.; et al. (1991),Third reference catalogue of bright galaxies, 9, New York:Springer-Verlag.
  9. ^"M 99".SIMBAD.Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved2009-12-18.
  10. ^Jones, K. G. (1991).Messier's Nebulae and Star Clusters (2nd ed.).Cambridge University Press.ISBN 978-0-521-37079-0.
  11. ^Rosse, The Earl Of (1850)."Observations on the Nebulae".Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series I.140:499–514.Bibcode:1850RSPT..140..499R.
  12. ^Chyży, K. T.; Ehle, M.; Beck, R. (September 2007). "Magnetic fields and gas in the cluster-influenced spiral galaxy NGC 4254. I. Radio and X-rays observations".Astronomy and Astrophysics.474 (2):415–429.arXiv:0708.1533.Bibcode:2007A&A...474..415C.doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20077497.S2CID 16273521.
  13. ^Gingerich, Owen (5 July 1967)."Circular No. 2021".Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams. Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. Retrieved2 December 2024.
  14. ^Zwicky, F. (1968)."The 1967 Palomar Supernova Search".Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific.80 (475): 462.Bibcode:1968PASP...80..462Z.doi:10.1086/128660.
  15. ^"SN 1967H".Transient Name Server.IAU. Retrieved2 December 2024.
  16. ^Fairall, A. P. (August 1975),"The spectrum of the type II supernova 1967h in NGC 4254",Monthly Notes of the Astronomical Society of South Africa,34 (7):94–98,hdl:10520/AJA00248266_2204
  17. ^"SN 1972Q".Transient Name Server.IAU. Retrieved2 December 2024.
  18. ^Pennypacker, C.; Burns, S.; Crawford, F.; Friedman, P.; Muller, J.; Perlmutter, S.; Smith, C.; Treffers, R.; Williamson, A.; Junkkarinen, V.; Filippenko, A. V.; McCarthy, P. J.; Rosino, L.; Iijima, T.; Wilson, I.; Horine, E. (1986). "Supernovae".IAU Circular (4219): 1.Bibcode:1986IAUC.4219....1P.
  19. ^"SN 1986I".Transient Name Server.IAU. Retrieved2 December 2024.
  20. ^Penhallow, W. S.; et al. (June 1986), Marsden, B. G. (ed.), "Supernova 1986I in NGC 4254",IAU Circular (4225): 2,Bibcode:1986IAUC.4225....2P
  21. ^Zhang, Tianmeng; Wang, Xiaofeng; Mo, Jun; Chen, Juncheng (2014). "Supernova 2014L in M99 = PSN J12184868+1424435".Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams (3795): 1.Bibcode:2014CBET.3795....1Z.
  22. ^Bishop, David."Supernovae 2014L in M99".Rochester Astronomy. Retrieved2 December 2024.
  23. ^"SN 2014L".Transient Name Server.IAU. Retrieved2 December 2024.

External links

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Painting of Charles Messier, creator of the Messier catalog
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