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Menkheperre

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Ancient Egyptian high priest
This article is about the high priest. For other notable people named Menkheperre, seeMenkheperre (name).
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Menkheperre
Sarcophagus of Menkheperre, Metropolitan Museum of Art.[1]
Reign1045–992 BC
PredecessorDjedkhonsuefankh
SuccessorSmendes II
Prenomen
Hem-netjer-tepi-en-Amun
Ḥm-nṯr-tpj-n-Jmn
High Priest ofAmun
M23
X1
L2
X1
R8U36D1
n
Z1imn
n
Nomen
Menkheperre
Mn ḫpr Rˁ
Enduring is the apparition ofRa
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N5
mn
L1
>
ConsortIsetemkheb C
ChildrenSmendes II,Henuttawy C,Pinedjem II,Isetemkheb D, Hori, Meritamen,Gautseshen
FatherPinedjem I
MotherDuathathor-Henuttawy

Menkheperre, son ofPinedjem I by wifeDuathathor-Henuttawy (daughter ofRamesses XI by wifeTentamon), was theHigh Priests of Amun at Thebes inancient Egypt from 1045 BC to 992 BC and ruler of the south of the country.[2]

Biography

[edit]

Menkheperre's eldest full brotherMasaharta followed their fatherPinedjem I as High Priest. He was followed by another brother,Djedkhonsuefankh, after whose death, in the 25th year ofSmendes I, Menkheperre became High Priest.[3] With his elder half-brother ruling atTanis as PharaohPsusennes I, Menkheperre's power, like that of Masaharta, must have been somewhat curtailed. Menkheperre took as histhrone name the title of "First prophet of Amun", just as his great-grandfatherHerihor had, perhaps an indication of this diminished role, though he kept thecartouche unlike his successors in the temple.[2]

Menkheperre married his niece Isetemkheb, daughter of his brother Psusennes I and wife Wiay. Their children were:[4]

  • Smendes II, also called Nesbanebdjed II, who followed him as High Priest.
  • Henuttawy C, wife of Smendes II, Chantress of Amun. She is mentioned on the 10th pylon of theKarnak temple. She was buried in theDeir el-Bahari tomb MMA60, her coffins are now in Boston and New York. She had a daughter called Isetemkheb.
  • Pinedjem II, High Priest after his brother's death. He married his sister Isetemkheb and became the father of PharaohPsusennes II.
  • Isetemkheb D, wife of Pinedjem II.
  • Hori, priest of Amun and Seth. His mummy and coffins were found atBab el-Gasus (Deir el-Bahari) and are now in Cairo.
  • Meritamen, Chantress of Amun. She was buried atBab el-Gasus under the pontificate of Psusennes II. Her coffins are in Cairo.
  • Gautseshen, Chantress of Montu. She was buried atBab el-Gasus, her coffins and papyrus are now in Cairo. She was married toTjanefer, Third Prophet of Amun. Their sons, Pinedjem and Menkheperre became Third and Fourth Prophet of Amun, respectively.
  • Psusennes, priest ofMin,Horus andIsis atCoptos, known from a stela at theBritish Museum.[5]

See also

[edit]
  • Banishment Stela, a stela issued by Menkheperre during his early pontificate and containing an amnesty decree for some rebels.

References

[edit]
  1. ^Board of Menkheperre (C), ca. 1000–945 BC.MET
  2. ^abDodson, Aidan; Hilton, Dyan (2004).The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt. London: Thames & Hudson.ISBN 0-500-05128-3., p. 207.
  3. ^K.A. Kitchen, The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt [TIPE] (1100–650 BC) 3rd ed., Warminster: Aris & Phillips Ltd, Ş384
  4. ^Dodson & Hilton, op.cit., pp. 200-201.
  5. ^Robins, Gay (1997).The Art of Ancient Egypt. London: British Museum Press. p. 208.ISBN 0714109886.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Philippe Collombert, Quand Menkheperre s'addresse à Amon (Stèle du Bannissement, L.12), in: RdÉ 48 (1997), 257–259.
  • Gabrielle Dembitz, The Oracular Inscription of the High Priest of Amun Menkheperre in the Khonsu Temple at Karnak, in: A. Hudecz – M. Petrik (eds): Commerce and Economy in Ancient Egypt. Proceedings of The Third International Congress for Young Egyptologists; 25–27 September 2009, 2010.
  • Cathie Spieser, La titulature du grand-prêtre d'Amon Menkheperré de la statuette N43 du Musée de Durham, in: CdÉ 77 (2002), 47-54
  • Cahail, K.M & Damarani, A. (2016), "The Sarcophagus of the High Priest of Amun, Menkheperre, from the Coptic monastery of Apa Moses at Abydos".Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts Abteilung Kairo (MDAIK) 72, pp. 11–30.
Wikimedia Commons has media related toMenkheperre.
Period
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Protodynastic
(pre-3150 BC)
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(3150–2686 BC)
I
II
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(2686–2181 BC)
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1st Intermediate
(2181–2040 BC)
VII/VIII
IX
X
Period
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Middle Kingdom
(2040–1802 BC)
XI
Nubia
XII
2nd Intermediate
(1802–1550 BC)
XIII
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Abydos
XVII
Period
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New Kingdom
(1550–1070 BC)
XVIII
XIX
XX
3rd Intermediate
(1069–664 BC)
XXI
High Priest of Amun
XXII
Lines of XXII/XXIII
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Late toRoman Period(664 BC–313 AD)
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(664–332 BC)
XXVI
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